The North Atlantic Fisheries, 1100-1976 - University of Hull

More documents

Recommendations

Info

1930/31 Patursson repeated the main historical and national arguments in a book about Faroese autonomy, where he in a short passage dealing with the fishery off Greenland wrote, “the Faroese now craved to sail to Greenland.” 146 The rights of Greenlanders to the resources were not taken into consideration by Patursson. Two main points in the interwar debate were put by Patursson in the open: firstly the historical position whereby the Faroese by inheritance from their Old-Norse ancestors had a right to utilize the Greenlandic resources; secondly the coordination of Norwegian and Faroese claims in the matter directed against the Danish authority, the Danish points of view and the protectionist policy on Greenland. In the event, neither of the majorities of the two Faroese parties, the Autonomists and the Unionists, took the link to Norway seriously; on the contrary, it was generally looked upon as a sort of high treason 147 or fanaticism. Also, the historical argument was at the time rejected as invalid by the Danish public and government. The political majority played the card of being ‘Danish citizens’, with equal rights everywhere to everybody born in the Danish realm. As demonstrated later it was the question of social need, the difficulties faced by the ordinary Faroese family dependent on the fishery, that mattered in Denmark. Neither the historical nor the citizenship arguments were taken seriously in Copenhagen—and the Norwegians were dealt with at the International Court in the Hague in 1933. But in a wider perspective Patursson was Danish-Icelandic Treaty of 1918, the Icelanders followed the intension of article 6 and guaranteed the Faroese fishing rights off Iceland. 146 Patursson, Færøsk Selvstyre, the cod was reported in Greenlandic waters and “Nu vilde færingerne til Grønland”, p. 59. The whole intense writing demonstrates, that the meaning is “urged for”, or “craved”, or “claimed”, while the more direct translation “wanted to go to Greenland” is to weak. See also Wåhlin et al., Færøsk og dansk politik, 185, 249, endnotes 19-21, 23. 147 During the First World War J. Patursson had been the leader of a group of nationalists which, in vain, had tried to get into direct negotiations—behind the back of the authorities—with the British government concerning provisions to the islands. In 1918-20 J. Patursson’s behaviour in the matter was examined by a special committee of the parliament especially concerning high treason. As a member of parliament himself it was a serious matter if he was convicted. In the end the majority of the commitee let him off the hook since the case became more and more a political matter than one of the law, cf. Wåhlin et al., Mellem færøsk og dansk politik, passim. A look at French national reactions during and after the Great War towards anybody daring to make direct contact with the enemy, or the Italian reaction after the political take-over by the Fascists etc., shows that Patursson from the First World War and onwards played a tough game with Danish patience. 72
ight. The historical argument became more valid over time with the growth of Faroese self-esteem. The larger Faroese merchant and shipping companies doubted the long-term possibilities and asked for more precise maritime research statements before they would risk any large-scale investments in a Greenlandic adventure. 148 The fishermen’s organization warned their members of the danger of being used against their own interests and to the benefit of the Norwegians if they looked for a berth on Norwegian fishing vessels. 149 It was not the place of Faroese fishermen to earn money for Norwegian capitalists. In Copenhagen leading Conservative newspapers, Berlingske Tidende and Nationaltidende, commented positively on the Faroese address, but at the same time expressed the belief that the Greenlandic resources in general ought to be protected and reserved for the benefit of the Greenlanders. 150 The two newly erected Greenlandic country councils were asked in 1925 about the Faroese propositions in connection with the legal preparations for the law of resource-management in Greenland. The opinion up north was not in favour of the Faroese but this is not central to the present study. With the Fishery Committee’s report and many other statements as annexes, the Lagting finally made a short formal address to the government in Copenhagen as follows: The Lagting applies to the government concerning Faroese cutters that a permit may be issued allowing them: - to carry out fishing in Greenland, - to establish land-stations on the said places mentioned in the annexed committee report, - to get access to the existing chart material over Greenlandic waters, and - to get access—after negotiations with the (Royal Greenlandic) Trade—for the Faroese to manufacture the catch on land and eventually to employ a Greenlandic workforce (to this end). 151 148 The Suðeroy newsletter Føroya Tíðindi with close connections to the leading shipping companies in an article ‘Grønlandsfiskeriet’, 30 December 1924, expressed such opinions. 149 ‘Hvat kemur úr Grønlandsspurginum’, Blað Føroya Fiskimannafelag, 9 January 1925. 150 Quotations from the public debate in Copenhagen, Spanner ‘Færøfiskeriet’, 28. 151 Lagtingstidende 1924, 134: “Lagtinget andrager hos Regeringen om, at der maa blive udvirket Tilladelse for færøske Kuttere til - at drive Fiskeri i Grønland, - at etablere Stationer i Land paa de i foranstaaende Betænkning nævnte Steder, - at man faar Adgang til det Kortmateriale, som findes over grønlandske Farvande og, - at der efter 73
Page 1:
The North Atlantic Fisheries, 1100-
Page 4 and 5:
Fiskeri- og Søfartsmuseets Studies
Page 6 and 7:
Contents Jón Th.Thór with Kjartan
Page 8 and 9:
north of the latitude of the Bay of
Page 10 and 11:
eighteenth century when the Newfoun
Page 12 and 13:
truck-system only two generations a
Page 14 and 15:
history of fishing plays an importa
Page 16 and 17:
available except for the very last
Page 18 and 19:
Little has sofar been written on th
Page 20 and 21:
has an emphasis on the life and wor
Page 22 and 23: scholarly research and only few con
Page 24 and 25: (Neskaupsstaður, 1983) Gíslason,
Page 26 and 27: Snæfellsnesi, Suðurnesjum og í V
Page 28 and 29: pattern of European economic develo
Page 30 and 31: Basques fished in the Atlantic and
Page 32 and 33: salt cod. Other sources, however, s
Page 34 and 35: in Tvøroyri, which in the 1920s be
Page 36 and 37: Nowadays the Danish term “klipfis
Page 38 and 39: transport by sea, if not daily then
Page 40 and 41: immediate post-war years, when the
Page 42 and 43: production capacity of all the fish
Page 44 and 45: heimskríggj. Eitt søguligt yvirli
Page 46 and 47: Lafto, Thorolf, ‘Fiskhandel’. K
Page 49 and 50: Whaling in the Faroe Islands, 1584-
Page 51 and 52: Pilot and bottlenose whaling has al
Page 53 and 54: Table 1 Number er of pilot whales c
Page 55 and 56: Sometimes, the pods of long-finned
Page 57 and 58: were soon established. In 1897 a se
Page 59 and 60: The Faroe Islands are placed far aw
Page 61: Joensen, J. P. ‘The Pilot Whale i
Page 64 and 65: The Greenland Fishery before 1914 S
Page 66 and 67: even more marked for the ordinary F
Page 68 and 69: The result of Norwegian pressure wa
Page 70 and 71: Greenland. The Lagting decided on 1
Page 74 and 75: All the major elements in the Faroe
Page 76 and 77: and the Home Secretary promised Par
Page 78 and 79: 1) In recognition of the concession
Page 80 and 81: In 1938 the Fishery Committee of th
Page 82 and 83: the existing and future utilization
Page 84 and 85: seriously. The issue was given more
Page 86 and 87: Lagtingstidende, 1914-1940 (The pri
Page 88 and 89: Table III. Faroese Fisheries, 1917-
Page 90 and 91: variation. Several place names bear
Page 92 and 93: and the use of unpublished sources
Page 94 and 95: Greenland a whole world of comparis
Page 96 and 97: Industrial Plants in 1959 Besides C
Page 98: 1990s. Due to expansion in other oc
Page 101 and 102: a) The transition in Southern Green
Page 103 and 104: Nolsøe, Karl, ‘Færøsk fiskeri
Page 105 and 106: Dutch Fisheries: An Historiographic
Page 107 and 108: The Infrastructure for Research on
Page 109 and 110: Years’ War (1586-1648) and the im
Page 111 and 112: The catch of cod and haddock has ne
Page 113 and 114: were active in the herring fishery.
Page 115 and 116: In 1719 the States General forbade
Page 117 and 118: 15 lasts. Its average crew was abou
Page 119 and 120: H.A.H. Boelmans Kranenburg and J.P.
Page 121 and 122: The Sea Fisheries of the British Is
Page 123 and 124:
qualitative and uncorroborated, the
Page 125 and 126:
fishing is clearly apparent in refe
Page 127 and 128:
the percentage was possibly higher.
Page 129 and 130:
across large expanses of sea. Moreo
Page 131 and 132:
This sudden contraction was of some
Page 133 and 134:
in English and Welsh ports is avail
Page 135 and 136:
eyond the means of the inland urban
Page 137 and 138:
A similar pattern of incremental in
Page 139 and 140:
crofting communities of the highlan
Page 141 and 142:
oceanographers might well provide h
Page 143 and 144:
R N W Robinson, ‘The English Fish
Page 145 and 146:
Norwegian Fisheries 1100-1970 Main
Page 147 and 148:
ejected. The new social and economi
Page 149 and 150:
In this early phase of commercial f
Page 151 and 152:
common contention of historians tha
Page 153 and 154:
The area which was dominated to the
Page 155 and 156:
heavier competition on the fish mar
Page 157 and 158:
and Lofoten reclaimed its pre-emine
Page 159 and 160:
Russian sailing merchants from the
Page 161 and 162:
experiment during a deep economic c
Page 163 and 164:
In the cod fisheries, conflict was
Page 165 and 166:
of the century, the number fell rap
Page 167 and 168:
Nordlandene (Oslo, 1993) Klepp, Asb
Page 169 and 170:
Fisheries in Western Sweden c1650-1
Page 171 and 172:
From the older, printed and non-pri
Page 173 and 174:
(National Archives) is the so calle
Page 175 and 176:
Statistics - some examples Table I.
Page 177 and 178:
Catches and Manpower in the Danish
Page 179 and 180:
300,000 barrels from the Sound and
Page 181 and 182:
The wealth of monasteries around th
Page 183 and 184:
In order to assess the magnitude of
Page 185 and 186:
herring trade was to be challenged.
Page 187 and 188:
fisheries off the Scaw and other sm
Page 189 and 190:
which had been founded on a forbidd
Page 191 and 192:
good years around 1617-22. 334 Evid
Page 193 and 194:
from the fish trade to concentrate
Page 195 and 196:
Norway and 43% abroad, mainly to L
Page 197 and 198:
decade of the century did fishermen
Page 199 and 200:
districts are rounded sums). Howeve
Page 201 and 202:
decades the anchor seine was allowe
Page 203 and 204:
By 1995, the fishing industry seems
Page 205 and 206:
state G.F.C. Oeder will eventually
Page 207 and 208:
Contributors Bertil Andersson, PhD,
Page 209 and 210:
Statistical data on Dutch fishery:
Page 211 and 212:
Economische Zaken en Arbeid, 1933-1
show all

The North Atlantic Fisheries, 1100-1976 - University of Hull

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?