The North Atlantic Fisheries, 1100-1976 - University of Hull

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After 1820, a third phase of real economic growth began, related to the introduction of the pound net for a new fishery in the West Baltic for cod and plaice and the establishment of sailing fish merchants who brought live fish directly from the fisherman to the new urban middle-class which developed a taste for fresh fish and were willing to pay for good quality. By 1870, the national fish market came into existence. All that was left was to utilise the new railway system which brought good communications even to the west coast of Jutland within the next decade. When the railway system linked up with the new fish auction established in Hamburg in 1887, the framework for the Danish fish trade had been established. The west coast fisherman soon invested in sea-going seiners which became the hallmark of late-nineteenth and twentieth-century Danish fishing. By 1950, Danish seiners dominated the North Sea, and skipper ownership stood out in contrast to the highly-centralised British ownership structure. In the past fifty years, Danish fisheries have experienced the full force of a global fish market. In the process, thousands of jobs have been lost, skipper ownership, while still significant, is much reduced compared to company ownership, and many fishing communities have turned their backs to the sea as industrial jobs on land have attracted young men who would traditionally have gone to sea. Selected Sources and Literature Statistics for catch and manpower in the Danish fisheries are available in the annual Fiskeri-Beretning (Copenhagen, 1889-1977). The statistics have not been published since 1978, but comprehensive data on a wide range of parameters are available upon requests from the Danish Ministry for Agriculture and Fisheries. V. Falbe-Hansen and W. Scharling, Danmarks Statistik I (Copenhagen, 1885) 358-71 summarize the data collected by various commissions in the 1870s and 1880s. A. J. Smidth, At vove for at vinde (Grenaa, 1987) is an edition of the first fisheries consultant’s extensive travel notes 1859-63. There is a wealth of archival material in the deposits of the various committees on fishery affairs in the State Department of Finance from the early eighteenth century onwards. This material is as yet unsorted, but will soon become available in an online electronic catalogue, which should be of great potential use to all areas within the Dano-Norwegian Realm. Maibritt Bager’s ongoing study and proposed edition of the reports to secretary of 204
state G.F.C. Oeder will eventually provide a first national overview of the state of the fisheries around 1770. Prior to 1700, data will have to be gleaned from disparate sources, in particular customs and excise accounts. The copy-books of the State Department of the Kingdom of Denmark are a particularly valuable source, published as Kancelliets Brevbøger vedrørende Danmarks indre Forhold, ed. C. F. Bricka et al. (Copenhagen, 1885ff.) The series runs into numerous volumes covering the years from 1551 onwards, the most recent for the year 1648. For the medieval Sound fisheries the publications by Weibull and Lechner referred to below provide the standard editions of the Lübeck accounts, and Schäfer provides the accounts of the German commissioner on the Scanian market. H. Berg, L. Bender Jørgensen & O. Mortensøn, Sandhagen. Et langelandsk fiskerleje fra renaissancen (Rudkøbing, 1981) A. E. Christensen, ‘Danmark’. Det nordiske syn på forbindelsen mellem Hansestæderne og Norden (Aarhus 1972) Lars Ersgård, Vår marknad i Skåne (Lund, 1989) Søren Frandsen & Erik A. Jarrum, ‘Sæsonfiskelejer, åresild og helårsfiskerlejer ved Sjællands nordkyst’. Gilleleje Museum 29 (1992) 105-39 Astrid Friis & Kristof Glamann, A History of Prices and Wages in Denmark, 1660-1800. 1 (Copenhagen, 1958) Lilli Friis, Æde og drikke. Dagligliv i Danmark, ed. A. Steensberg (Copenhagen, 1969) 419-23 Morten Hahn-Pedersen & Poul Holm, ‘The Danish Maritime Labour Market, 1880-1900’. Research in Maritime History 7 (1994), 141-66 Alan Hjorth Rasmussen, Vejen til Nordsøen... Det søgående snurrevodfiskeris gennembrud i Nordsøen og Skagerrak 1884-1903 (Hirtshals, 1984) Poul Holm, Kystfolk. Kontakter over Kattegat og Skagerrak, 1550-1914 (Esbjerg, 1991) Poul Holm, Hjerting, et maritimt lokalsamfund midt i verden (Esbjerg, 1992) Poul Holm (ed.), Fiskere og Farvande—tværsnit af moderne dansk fiskeri (Esbjerg, 1994) Poul Holm, ‘Technology Transfer and Social Setting. The Experience of Danish Steam Trawlers in the North Sea and off Iceland, 1879-1903’. Northern Seas Yearbook 1994 (Esbjerg, 1994) 113-57 205
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The North Atlantic Fisheries, 1100-
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Fiskeri- og Søfartsmuseets Studies
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Contents Jón Th.Thór with Kjartan
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north of the latitude of the Bay of
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eighteenth century when the Newfoun
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truck-system only two generations a
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history of fishing plays an importa
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available except for the very last
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Little has sofar been written on th
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has an emphasis on the life and wor
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scholarly research and only few con
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(Neskaupsstaður, 1983) Gíslason,
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Snæfellsnesi, Suðurnesjum og í V
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pattern of European economic develo
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Basques fished in the Atlantic and
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salt cod. Other sources, however, s
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in Tvøroyri, which in the 1920s be
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Nowadays the Danish term “klipfis
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transport by sea, if not daily then
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immediate post-war years, when the
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production capacity of all the fish
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heimskríggj. Eitt søguligt yvirli
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Lafto, Thorolf, ‘Fiskhandel’. K
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Whaling in the Faroe Islands, 1584-
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Pilot and bottlenose whaling has al
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Table 1 Number er of pilot whales c
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Sometimes, the pods of long-finned
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were soon established. In 1897 a se
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The Faroe Islands are placed far aw
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Joensen, J. P. ‘The Pilot Whale i
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The Greenland Fishery before 1914 S
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even more marked for the ordinary F
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The result of Norwegian pressure wa
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Greenland. The Lagting decided on 1
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1930/31 Patursson repeated the main
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All the major elements in the Faroe
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and the Home Secretary promised Par
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1) In recognition of the concession
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In 1938 the Fishery Committee of th
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the existing and future utilization
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seriously. The issue was given more
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Lagtingstidende, 1914-1940 (The pri
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Table III. Faroese Fisheries, 1917-
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variation. Several place names bear
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and the use of unpublished sources
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Greenland a whole world of comparis
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Industrial Plants in 1959 Besides C
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1990s. Due to expansion in other oc
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a) The transition in Southern Green
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Nolsøe, Karl, ‘Færøsk fiskeri
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Dutch Fisheries: An Historiographic
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The Infrastructure for Research on
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Years’ War (1586-1648) and the im
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The catch of cod and haddock has ne
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were active in the herring fishery.
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In 1719 the States General forbade
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15 lasts. Its average crew was abou
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H.A.H. Boelmans Kranenburg and J.P.
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The Sea Fisheries of the British Is
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qualitative and uncorroborated, the
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fishing is clearly apparent in refe
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the percentage was possibly higher.
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across large expanses of sea. Moreo
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This sudden contraction was of some
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in English and Welsh ports is avail
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eyond the means of the inland urban
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A similar pattern of incremental in
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crofting communities of the highlan
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oceanographers might well provide h
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R N W Robinson, ‘The English Fish
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Norwegian Fisheries 1100-1970 Main
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ejected. The new social and economi
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In this early phase of commercial f
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common contention of historians tha
Page 153 and 154: The area which was dominated to the
Page 155 and 156: heavier competition on the fish mar
Page 157 and 158: and Lofoten reclaimed its pre-emine
Page 159 and 160: Russian sailing merchants from the
Page 161 and 162: experiment during a deep economic c
Page 163 and 164: In the cod fisheries, conflict was
Page 165 and 166: of the century, the number fell rap
Page 167 and 168: Nordlandene (Oslo, 1993) Klepp, Asb
Page 169 and 170: Fisheries in Western Sweden c1650-1
Page 171 and 172: From the older, printed and non-pri
Page 173 and 174: (National Archives) is the so calle
Page 175 and 176: Statistics - some examples Table I.
Page 177 and 178: Catches and Manpower in the Danish
Page 179 and 180: 300,000 barrels from the Sound and
Page 181 and 182: The wealth of monasteries around th
Page 183 and 184: In order to assess the magnitude of
Page 185 and 186: herring trade was to be challenged.
Page 187 and 188: fisheries off the Scaw and other sm
Page 189 and 190: which had been founded on a forbidd
Page 191 and 192: good years around 1617-22. 334 Evid
Page 193 and 194: from the fish trade to concentrate
Page 195 and 196: Norway and 43% abroad, mainly to L
Page 197 and 198: decade of the century did fishermen
Page 199 and 200: districts are rounded sums). Howeve
Page 201 and 202: decades the anchor seine was allowe
Page 203: By 1995, the fishing industry seems
Page 207 and 208: Contributors Bertil Andersson, PhD,
Page 209 and 210: Statistical data on Dutch fishery:
Page 211 and 212: Economische Zaken en Arbeid, 1933-1
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The North Atlantic Fisheries, 1100-1976 - University of Hull

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