The North Atlantic Fisheries, 1100-1976 - University of Hull

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seriously. The issue was given more consideration because the Faroese for once were united in a cause: ‘we want to fish off Greenland’. But at the same time there was a broad understanding of the responsibilities Denmark had towards the Greenlanders and their welfare. Balancing the reasonable and contradictory Faroese and Greenlandic interests in the matter became a major political issue for the government, which had to act under rising Greenlandic self-consciousness and protests. Sources Many documents from the Danish ministries and departments—and most of the essential papers on Faroese fishing rights—are published in the Faroese printed minutes from the Lagting (the county council), Lagtingstidende, dating back to the nineteenth century. Checks in the Archives of the Realm (Rigsarkivet) prove the accuracy of these publications. In his unpublished MA thesis ‘Færøfiskeriet ved Grønland’, 1982, Søren Spanner demonstrates this after a painstaking search in the Rigsarkivet. Since this article deals with the Faroese politics in the matter and only secondarily with the more general Danish administration and politics and the Greenlandic angle I have found it legitimate in general to build primarily on Faroese sources and Danish published governmental and parliamentary material. 84
The major points in the debate were discussed in the Danish parliament during the preparations, debates, votings, and committee deliberations concerning the necessary legal foundations for the step by step alterations in the governmental politics about Faroese fishing at Greenland and in the parallel actions of the central administration. This has been followed by a thorough investigation of the published parliamentary minutes and committee reports in the Rigsdagtidende, for the lower chamber in the Folketingstidende, for the upper chamber in the Landstingstidende, and for the final laws in the “Tillæg C” (Supplement, C) of the Rigsdagstidende. The statistics of Faroese fishing have in general been extracted by a year by year (1920-1939) study of the reliable, official Statistisk Aarbog (Statistical Yearbook). Other figures have been checked there and the sources are referred to in the footnotes. Based on the extensive Statistiske Meddelelser, 4. Række (series), Fiskeriberetninger 1911-1939, and Vedel Tåning, Fiskeri- og Havundersøgelser ved Færøerne, 1943, E. Patursson, Fiskiveiði,1961, has published many interesting figures and tables especially in vol. I, and in vol. II, chap. “Veiðirættindi í Grønlandi”, pp 255-293, has given the first serious description in the Faroese language of Faroese policy towards the fishery at Greenland 1920-1939. According to the nationalist interpretation of Faroese history Patursson claims “historical rights” for the Faroese at Greenland as a part of the Old-Norse inheritance of the Viking Age settlements on Greenland—the fact that there was only Inuit and no Norse settlement there from around 1500 to the 1720s is completely left out of the argument. His interpretation of the Faroese point of view in the inter-war period is informative but lacking in an understanding of the Greenlandic and Danish positions in the matter. On the more general political interactions between the Lagting and the Danish government and Parliament Steining’s part in vol. VI of the authoritative Den danske rigsdag 1849-1949 is still the most solid study. Select Bibliography Andreasen, Jens Pauli, “Á øðrun sinni í Grønlandi við ‘Knørri’”, Varðin, 1927, 531 Beretninger og Kundgørelser om Grønland (Copenhagen, some issues consulted, 1920s and 1930s) Blað Føroya Fiskimannafelag (Faroese fishery newspaper, some issues consulted, 1920s) Den danske Rigsdag, 1849.1949, ed. H. Frisch et al., I-VI (Copenhagen, 1949-1953) Dimmalætting (Faroese newspaper, Tórshavn 1878 ff., 1920-40) Fiskeri-Beretninger, 1911-1939 (Copenhagen) Føringatíðindi (First Faroese newspaper in the Faroese language, 1890- 1906, reprint, Tórshavn 1969) Føroya Tíðingi (Newsletter with close connections to the shipping companies and the influental merchant family, Mortensen, Suðeroy; some issues consulted, 1920s). Folketingstidende, vide: Rigsdagstidende Hansen, Paul M. & Frede Hermann, Fisken og havet ved Grønland (Copenhagen, 1953) 85
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The North Atlantic Fisheries, 1100-
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Fiskeri- og Søfartsmuseets Studies
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Contents Jón Th.Thór with Kjartan
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north of the latitude of the Bay of
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eighteenth century when the Newfoun
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truck-system only two generations a
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history of fishing plays an importa
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available except for the very last
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Little has sofar been written on th
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has an emphasis on the life and wor
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scholarly research and only few con
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(Neskaupsstaður, 1983) Gíslason,
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Snæfellsnesi, Suðurnesjum og í V
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pattern of European economic develo
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Basques fished in the Atlantic and
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salt cod. Other sources, however, s
Page 34 and 35: in Tvøroyri, which in the 1920s be
Page 36 and 37: Nowadays the Danish term “klipfis
Page 38 and 39: transport by sea, if not daily then
Page 40 and 41: immediate post-war years, when the
Page 42 and 43: production capacity of all the fish
Page 44 and 45: heimskríggj. Eitt søguligt yvirli
Page 46 and 47: Lafto, Thorolf, ‘Fiskhandel’. K
Page 49 and 50: Whaling in the Faroe Islands, 1584-
Page 51 and 52: Pilot and bottlenose whaling has al
Page 53 and 54: Table 1 Number er of pilot whales c
Page 55 and 56: Sometimes, the pods of long-finned
Page 57 and 58: were soon established. In 1897 a se
Page 59 and 60: The Faroe Islands are placed far aw
Page 61: Joensen, J. P. ‘The Pilot Whale i
Page 64 and 65: The Greenland Fishery before 1914 S
Page 66 and 67: even more marked for the ordinary F
Page 68 and 69: The result of Norwegian pressure wa
Page 70 and 71: Greenland. The Lagting decided on 1
Page 72 and 73: 1930/31 Patursson repeated the main
Page 74 and 75: All the major elements in the Faroe
Page 76 and 77: and the Home Secretary promised Par
Page 78 and 79: 1) In recognition of the concession
Page 80 and 81: In 1938 the Fishery Committee of th
Page 82 and 83: the existing and future utilization
Page 86 and 87: Lagtingstidende, 1914-1940 (The pri
Page 88 and 89: Table III. Faroese Fisheries, 1917-
Page 90 and 91: variation. Several place names bear
Page 92 and 93: and the use of unpublished sources
Page 94 and 95: Greenland a whole world of comparis
Page 96 and 97: Industrial Plants in 1959 Besides C
Page 98: 1990s. Due to expansion in other oc
Page 101 and 102: a) The transition in Southern Green
Page 103 and 104: Nolsøe, Karl, ‘Færøsk fiskeri
Page 105 and 106: Dutch Fisheries: An Historiographic
Page 107 and 108: The Infrastructure for Research on
Page 109 and 110: Years’ War (1586-1648) and the im
Page 111 and 112: The catch of cod and haddock has ne
Page 113 and 114: were active in the herring fishery.
Page 115 and 116: In 1719 the States General forbade
Page 117 and 118: 15 lasts. Its average crew was abou
Page 119 and 120: H.A.H. Boelmans Kranenburg and J.P.
Page 121 and 122: The Sea Fisheries of the British Is
Page 123 and 124: qualitative and uncorroborated, the
Page 125 and 126: fishing is clearly apparent in refe
Page 127 and 128: the percentage was possibly higher.
Page 129 and 130: across large expanses of sea. Moreo
Page 131 and 132: This sudden contraction was of some
Page 133 and 134: in English and Welsh ports is avail
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eyond the means of the inland urban
Page 137 and 138:
A similar pattern of incremental in
Page 139 and 140:
crofting communities of the highlan
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oceanographers might well provide h
Page 143 and 144:
R N W Robinson, ‘The English Fish
Page 145 and 146:
Norwegian Fisheries 1100-1970 Main
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ejected. The new social and economi
Page 149 and 150:
In this early phase of commercial f
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common contention of historians tha
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The area which was dominated to the
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heavier competition on the fish mar
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and Lofoten reclaimed its pre-emine
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Russian sailing merchants from the
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experiment during a deep economic c
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In the cod fisheries, conflict was
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of the century, the number fell rap
Page 167 and 168:
Nordlandene (Oslo, 1993) Klepp, Asb
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Fisheries in Western Sweden c1650-1
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From the older, printed and non-pri
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(National Archives) is the so calle
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Statistics - some examples Table I.
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Catches and Manpower in the Danish
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300,000 barrels from the Sound and
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The wealth of monasteries around th
Page 183 and 184:
In order to assess the magnitude of
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herring trade was to be challenged.
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fisheries off the Scaw and other sm
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which had been founded on a forbidd
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good years around 1617-22. 334 Evid
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from the fish trade to concentrate
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Norway and 43% abroad, mainly to L
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decade of the century did fishermen
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districts are rounded sums). Howeve
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decades the anchor seine was allowe
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By 1995, the fishing industry seems
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state G.F.C. Oeder will eventually
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Contributors Bertil Andersson, PhD,
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Statistical data on Dutch fishery:
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Economische Zaken en Arbeid, 1933-1
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