The North Atlantic Fisheries, 1100-1976 - University of Hull

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against the Swedish imports with the declaration of 14 March that salted and dried fish should normally be imported from Norway only. The privilege had immediate effect, and Gothenburg’s accounts for 1776 show no exports to Denmark; its salted herring went first and foremost to England, Germany and Russia. But the privilege did not affect the trade in uncured herring. In 1778 the Swedish authorities assessed Bohuslän’s export to Denmark and Norway at 30,000 barrels. 352 The trade only stopped when the Swedish King banned the export of uncured herring—probably in an effort to secure herring for the curers. 353 The problems of the Swedish uncured trade were parallel to the former trade from Aalborg—the small fish merchants stood to gain by it, while the owners of the salt works lost supplies. The price series from the Copenhagen fish market (table 3, fig. 1) shows that herring became cheaper as compared to the price of bread through the eighteenth century, thus worsening the purchasing power of fishermen relative to peasants, provided there was no change in the social organisation of the market (and we have no reason to believe there was). The spring herring came from the Limfiord, while the autumn herring most probably came from the Sound and North Zealand fisheries. The only notable exception to the decline occurred in the 1740s. The fishermen must then have experienced a time of rare and welcome prosperity—and we seem to find reminiscences of the good times in the reports to chancellor Oeder some thirty years later, which generally lament the present and long for the good old days; they also specifically record data which seem to corroborate a decline within the past generation. The latter half of the eighteenth century saw the most drastic decline in the fisherman’s lot. This was a time when mercantile shipping flourished, and lots of new jobs opened up for the able-bodied seaman in world-wide trades. While no firm documentation is provided, we have no reason to disbelieve early-nineteenth century statements that the fisheries provided the sailors for the growing merchant marine and conversely that the fisheries were a shrinking business by that time. Only in the last 352 O. Hasslöf, Västkustfiskarna (Göteborg, 1949) 170. 353 Lybecker, Forsøg til nogle Betragtninger over Fiskene og Fiskerierne i Almindelighed, samt til en physisk - historisk - oeconomisk - og politisk Afhandling om Silde-Fiskerierne i Særdeleshed og fornemmelig det, som drives i Limfiorden, etc. (København, 1792) 303. 196
decade of the century did fishermen experience some progress in purchasing power relative to bread prices. Table 3. Prices and Price Relations, Herring and Bread. Copenhagen, 1721-1800. Skilling per skippund bread autumn herring fish/bread ratio spring herring fish/breadratio 1721-30 260 568 218 320 123 1731-40 272 554 204 301 110 1741-50 148 638 432 374 253 1751-60 251 530 210 261 104 1761-70 234 554 237 301 129 1771-80 413 570 138 294 71 1781-90 615 672 109 377 61 1791-1800 401 713 177 462 115 Source: Calculations based on tables by Friis & Glamann, A History of Prices. 197
Page 1:
The North Atlantic Fisheries, 1100-
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Fiskeri- og Søfartsmuseets Studies
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Contents Jón Th.Thór with Kjartan
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north of the latitude of the Bay of
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eighteenth century when the Newfoun
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truck-system only two generations a
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history of fishing plays an importa
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available except for the very last
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Little has sofar been written on th
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has an emphasis on the life and wor
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scholarly research and only few con
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(Neskaupsstaður, 1983) Gíslason,
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Snæfellsnesi, Suðurnesjum og í V
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pattern of European economic develo
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Basques fished in the Atlantic and
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salt cod. Other sources, however, s
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in Tvøroyri, which in the 1920s be
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Nowadays the Danish term “klipfis
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transport by sea, if not daily then
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immediate post-war years, when the
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production capacity of all the fish
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heimskríggj. Eitt søguligt yvirli
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Lafto, Thorolf, ‘Fiskhandel’. K
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Whaling in the Faroe Islands, 1584-
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Pilot and bottlenose whaling has al
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Table 1 Number er of pilot whales c
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Sometimes, the pods of long-finned
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were soon established. In 1897 a se
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The Faroe Islands are placed far aw
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Joensen, J. P. ‘The Pilot Whale i
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The Greenland Fishery before 1914 S
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even more marked for the ordinary F
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The result of Norwegian pressure wa
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Greenland. The Lagting decided on 1
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1930/31 Patursson repeated the main
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All the major elements in the Faroe
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and the Home Secretary promised Par
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1) In recognition of the concession
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In 1938 the Fishery Committee of th
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the existing and future utilization
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seriously. The issue was given more
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Lagtingstidende, 1914-1940 (The pri
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Table III. Faroese Fisheries, 1917-
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variation. Several place names bear
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and the use of unpublished sources
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Greenland a whole world of comparis
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Industrial Plants in 1959 Besides C
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1990s. Due to expansion in other oc
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a) The transition in Southern Green
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Nolsøe, Karl, ‘Færøsk fiskeri
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Dutch Fisheries: An Historiographic
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The Infrastructure for Research on
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Years’ War (1586-1648) and the im
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The catch of cod and haddock has ne
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were active in the herring fishery.
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In 1719 the States General forbade
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15 lasts. Its average crew was abou
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H.A.H. Boelmans Kranenburg and J.P.
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The Sea Fisheries of the British Is
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qualitative and uncorroborated, the
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fishing is clearly apparent in refe
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the percentage was possibly higher.
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across large expanses of sea. Moreo
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This sudden contraction was of some
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in English and Welsh ports is avail
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eyond the means of the inland urban
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A similar pattern of incremental in
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crofting communities of the highlan
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oceanographers might well provide h
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R N W Robinson, ‘The English Fish
Page 145 and 146: Norwegian Fisheries 1100-1970 Main
Page 147 and 148: ejected. The new social and economi
Page 149 and 150: In this early phase of commercial f
Page 151 and 152: common contention of historians tha
Page 153 and 154: The area which was dominated to the
Page 155 and 156: heavier competition on the fish mar
Page 157 and 158: and Lofoten reclaimed its pre-emine
Page 159 and 160: Russian sailing merchants from the
Page 161 and 162: experiment during a deep economic c
Page 163 and 164: In the cod fisheries, conflict was
Page 165 and 166: of the century, the number fell rap
Page 167 and 168: Nordlandene (Oslo, 1993) Klepp, Asb
Page 169 and 170: Fisheries in Western Sweden c1650-1
Page 171 and 172: From the older, printed and non-pri
Page 173 and 174: (National Archives) is the so calle
Page 175 and 176: Statistics - some examples Table I.
Page 177 and 178: Catches and Manpower in the Danish
Page 179 and 180: 300,000 barrels from the Sound and
Page 181 and 182: The wealth of monasteries around th
Page 183 and 184: In order to assess the magnitude of
Page 185 and 186: herring trade was to be challenged.
Page 187 and 188: fisheries off the Scaw and other sm
Page 189 and 190: which had been founded on a forbidd
Page 191 and 192: good years around 1617-22. 334 Evid
Page 193 and 194: from the fish trade to concentrate
Page 195: Norway and 43% abroad, mainly to L
Page 199 and 200: districts are rounded sums). Howeve
Page 201 and 202: decades the anchor seine was allowe
Page 203 and 204: By 1995, the fishing industry seems
Page 205 and 206: state G.F.C. Oeder will eventually
Page 207 and 208: Contributors Bertil Andersson, PhD,
Page 209 and 210: Statistical data on Dutch fishery:
Page 211 and 212: Economische Zaken en Arbeid, 1933-1
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