Twenty-First Century Populism: The Spectre of Western European ...

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Sweden 149 killed by three armed criminals with links to Nazi movements) and the murder of trade unionist Björn Söderberg, which also brought the Sweden Democrats media scrutiny and much adverse publicity (Larsson and Ekman, 2001: 171). In 2003, the party took a further step towards ridding itself of the stigma of extremism by announcing that the UN Declaration of Human Rights was to form a cornerstone of its policies. This process of change has continued since 2005, when Jimmie Åkesson became party leader. The party logo featuring the Swedish flag as a burning torch − a direct derivation of the British National Front’s emblem and very close to those of both the French Front National and Italy’s neo-fascist Movimento Sociale Italiano (MSI) − was replaced in 2005 by a more neutral flower. Although the increased support for the Sweden Democrats in the past few years is partly due to the effectiveness of these changes, there is much to suggest that the party is still seriously hampered by its extremist image amongst a large portion of the electorate. Not only are these changes comparatively new (and will probably only have a full effect, if at all, in the future), there are also clear signs that not everyone has taken them to heart and that they have not been properly implemented throughout the organization. Numerous statements have been made that have stepped over the official ‘respectable’ line, and since many of the party’s leading members were already active during the early 1990s, it is hard to give a credible explanation why they, as confirmed democrats, chose to join an extremist party in which one in three members of the executive had Nazi links (Larsson and Ekman, 2001: 165). There have also been voices from within the organization opposing the abandonment of old ideological principles, and this has caused serious problems for the party. Conclusions This chapter has shown that Sweden shared several important opportunity structures with other West European countries, in particular those related to anti-immigrant sentiments and feelings of disenchantment towards political institutions. However, Sweden diverged in a number of important ways. First, the socio-economic cleavage dimension was still highly salient in Swedish politics. Second, and related to the first point, the issue of immigration has not been fully politicized in Sweden. Although this started in the 2002 election campaign, the issue was less salient in 2006. In Sweden, questions relating to the socio-economic dimension still dominate politics. Finally, the Sweden Democrats have been heavily stigmatized as a result of their Fascist origins and links. The party has thus found it very difficult to create a respectable façade, although its progress can be largely explained by its ability to present itself as increasingly more respectable. The party doubled its electoral share between the 2002 and 2006 elections to almost three per cent of the vote, and it continues to make inroads in local politics. It remains to be seen, however, if the Sweden Democrats possess the
150 Twenty-First Century Populism organiza tional tools needed in order to survive a phase of expansion without provoking internal splits. However, given that the party has proved successful at keeping its organization together, the results of the 2006 election present it with new opportunities. The party will be entitled to state subsidies, which will give it the economic resources required to conduct a more ambitious election campaign in 2010. Finally, the growing presence of the Sweden Democrats in local politics is also likely to give the party increased visibility, not least in the mass media. Note 1. This chapter draws from Rydgren (2002 and 2004) and Chapter 5 in Rydgren (2006).
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Editorial matter, selection, introd
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viii Contents 12 Britain: Imperial
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Acknowledgements The original conce
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xii Notes on Contributors Bollati B
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6 Italy: A Country of Many Populism
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Bibliography Akkerman, T. Anti-immi
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226 Bibliography BNP (2005) Rebuild
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228 Bibliography Dahl, R. A. (1999)
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230 Bibliography Germani, G. (1975)
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232 Bibliography Ivaldi, G. Le Fron
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234 Bibliography Lehingue, P. (2003
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236 Bibliography Mazzoleni, G. (200
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238 Bibliography Pelinka, A. (2005)
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240 Bibliography Schedler, A. Anti-
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242 Bibliography Trechsel, A. H. (2
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246 Index Chirac, Jacques 58, 168,
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248 Index Jagers, Jan 58 Jansson, M
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250 Index Plato 200 Poland 62, 120
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