Finland 220 Formentini, Marco 89 Fortuyn, Pim 49, 59−63, 151, 154−64, 212 Forza Italia (FI) 30, 53, 86, 92−8, 105−6, 116 fox-hunting 191−2 France 16, 40, 53−4, 58, 61, 122, 127−8, 139−49, 166−80, 203, 208, 220 Frankfurt 119 Freedom Party, Austrian (FPÖ) 4, 9−11, 31, 62, 67−73, 76−83, 105, 146, 213, 223 Frey, Gerhard 119, 129 Friedrich, Carl 17 Front National 4, 10, 33, 53, 58, 61, 119, 130, 139, 146−9, 166−80, 193, 221, 223 fuel tax protests (2000) 192 Fukuyama, Francis 222 Furedi, Frank 218 Gallagher, Michael 202, 204 Galloway, George 182−3 Die ganze Woche 77 Garry, John 204 Garvin, Tom 203, 209 Gellner, Ernest 1, 222 Germani, Gino 25 Germany 38, 40, 119−34 unification <strong>of</strong> 127, 131 Gifford, Chris 187 Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry 171 Gitlin, Todd 57 globalization 37, 64, 77, 91, 97, 99, 104, 112, 115, 147, 179, 190, 212, 219, 222 Goldsmith, James 195 Goul Andersen, Jørgen 136 Green Parties 75−6, 82, 117, 127, 136, 203−4, 207−8, 214 Green-Pedersen, Christ<strong>of</strong>fer 202 Gresham’s law 46 Griffin, Nick 193 Gysi, Gregor 132−4 Habermas, Jürgen 222 Hague, William 2, 191−2 Index 247 Haider, Jörg 9−10, 49, 53−63, 67−8, 71−82, 101, 212 Hamburg 131 Hanson, Pauline 1 Harney, Mary 213 Haughey, Charles 208 Hay, Colin 9 healthcare 142 heartland 5, 58, 188, 201, 210, 212, 219, 222 Heath, Edward 187 Herben, Mat 162−3 Hermet, Guy 84, 93 Hipfl, Brigitte 53, 55, 59 Hirschmann, Gerhard 76 Hitler, Adolf 158 Hobsbawm, Eric 218, 220 Horsfield, Bruce 59 House <strong>of</strong> Lords 190 Howard, Michael 192−3 human rights abuses 213 Human Rights Act 190 Hungary 120 Huntington, Samuel 43 ‘identitarian’ democracy 35 identity, national see national identity ideology, definition <strong>of</strong> 11, 159 Ignazi, Piero 3 immigration issues 6, 49, 64, 74−7, 88, 97, 99, 105−6, 109−13, 117, 126−32, 135−49, 156, 159, 163−4, 170−8, 183−6, 190−6, 198−201, 206−7, 211−15; see also racism; asylum-seekers individualization 152−3 inequality 205−6 initiatives 108−9 Ionescu, Ghit¸a 1, 222 Iraq war 48, 58, 183 Ireland 198−215, 220 Irwin, Galen 161 Islamic fundamentalism 97 Islamic religion and culture see Muslim communities Italy 11, 18, 30, 38, 53, 56, 58, 61, 63, 84−99, 108, 115−16, 125, 149, 198−9, 205, 208, 220
248 Index Jagers, Jan 58 Jansson, Mikael 146, 148 Johnson, Carol 4 Johnson, Mark 186 Jospin, Lionel 168 Karapin, Roger 125 Karlsson, Bert 136−7 Kastell, Torbjörn 147 Katz, Richard 40 Kavanagh, Dennis 54 Kellner, Douglas 53 Kelsen, Hans 38 Kenny, Enda 214 Kestilä, Elina 198 Kilroy-Silk, Robert 195, 197 Kircheimer, Otto 39 Kitschelt, Herbert 9, 143 Kjærsgard, Pia 61 Klima, Viktor 76 Kobach, Kris W. 100 Kohl, Helmut 126−7 Kok, Wim 153, 157 Koopmans, Ruud 178−9 Kornhauser, William 20, 24 Kosovo 91 Krainer, Josef 75 Kreisky, Bruno 70 Kriesi, Hanspeter 108 Kronen Zeitung 61 Labour Party British 30, 181−94, 197, 218−19 Irish 198−202, 214 Lachat, Romain 107 Laclau, Ernesto 3 Ladner, Andreas 100 Lafontaine, Oskar 132−4 Lane, Jan E. 101 Larsson, Stieg 148 Latin America 1, 17, 25−8 Lauro, Achille 86 Laver, Michael 204, 209 leaders charismatic see charismatic leaders cult <strong>of</strong> personality 75 <strong>of</strong> parties see party leaders trust in see trust in politicians and political institutions Left Party <strong>of</strong> Germany 121, 133 Lega Nord 4, 10−11, 30, 55−6, 61, 84−98, 110−16, 119, 205, 221, 223 Lega dei Ticinesi 4, 103−4, 110, 112, 116 Lehmbruch, Gehrhard 68 Le Pen, Jean-Marie 49, 54−6, 61−2, 167−8, 172−5, 179−80, 212 Levitsky, Steven 17 liberal democracy 18−20, 35 Liberal Democratic Party 189 life-cycles <strong>of</strong> populist movements 59−63 Lijst Pim Fortuyn (LPF) 10, 59, 151, 154, 157, 160−4, 205, 221, 223 Lincoln, Abraham 15, 19 Linz, Juan 20 Livingstone, Ken 182 localism 111−12 London bombings on 7 July 2005 186 directly-elected Mayor 182 Long, Huey 23 Lowry, Michael 208 Luhmann, Niklas 43 Lukacs, John 218 Lynch, Jack 210 Maas, Ed 163 McCarthy, Joseph 23 McCreevy, Charlie 210 McDowell, Michael 206, 213 McLaren, Lauren 186 McLaughlin, Mitchell 213 Madison, James 18−19 Maillot, Agnès 211, 213 Mair, Peter 40, 189−90, 198, 200, 202, 210, 220 Major, John 185 malaise, social and political, sense <strong>of</strong> 24−6, 50, 59, 215 Malexander 148−9 Manning, Preston 1 Mao Zedong 154 Marchais, George 172 Maroni, Roberto 85, 91 Marquand, David 188−9 Marsh, Michael 202 Martin, Hans-Peter 76 Marx, Karl 1 Mastropaolo, Alfio 109 Mathis, Franz 72
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