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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY Rn: 03-033 CONTAINER TERMINAL PLOCE PAGE: 52 A.3.5.2. THE SEA QUALITY A.3.5.2.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE LARGER AREA OF THE PROJECT Ploce is situated west from the Neretva estuary, where the Neretva flat delta touches the hilly karst areas. The port, as the principal economic branch has been developed at Ploce, situated at the beginning of the natural communication way along the Neretva valley. The nearest surroundings of Ploce offer great possibilities for development of tourist activities (the Bacinska lakes), and the Neretva estuary is very favourable for mariculture development. The Nature Park (ichtyological and ornithological reserve) is situated at the south-east side of the channel Vlaška–more. The town and the port Ploce occupy the east part of the Ploce bay. The densest urbanized part of the town and the port zone are situated between the Crna River and the channel Vlaška – more. Systematic researches of the coastal sea quality in the Neretvanski channel have been carried out for many years within the Project Vir – Konavle. The researches have been made by the Oceanography and Pisciculture Institute from Split for the requirements of the Hrvatske Vode («Croatian Waters») from Zagreb, Department for water and sea waters protection from pollution and contamination. The sea quality state is presented based on the results of the researches undertaken in the year 2002. The researches include the area from Gradac to the Malo More and the Prapratno cove. Figure 48. presents the sea research stations in the specified area. Station P1 is located in front of the Ploce town port. The investigation included climatological features of the area, physical and chemical properties of the sea water, biological properties and characteristic pollutants. The Neretva channel is characterized by variable hydrographic properties (temperature, salinity, density) conditioned by an interaction with the atmosphere, the influence of fresh waters, first of all those from the river Neretva, as well as by exchange of water with other parts of the Adriatic (Table 1). Influence of fresh water inflow is reflected in variations of the surface salinity, between 32.28 – 34.53 psu. The lowest salinities are registered in April, then in July, while in December minimum values were a bit higher. In warmer season a vertical temperature stratification is noticed, where thermo cline is pronounced, contrary to almost homogeneously mixed strata in colder part of the year (December - April). In the Neretvanski channel, influence of the gradient incoming stream of north-west direction is registered. The sea streaming in front of Ploce is under considerable influence of the river Neretva flow, whose estuary is situated south from the town. The river Neretva flow accelerates the sea streaming along the shore in north-west direction, so we can suppose that this fact is favourable for taking off the town and the port pollution from the Neretvanski channel. The same favourable effect is achieved by mixing of water with seawater of the Hvarski and Bracki Channel. The limpidity ranges between 7 and 25 m. The lowest and very uniform limpidity is registered at the station P1 that is under most expressed influence of sweet waters: 7 – 9 m. A higher limpidity and its larger ranges are recorded RIJEKAPROJEKT d.o.o.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY Rn: 03-033 CONTAINER TERMINAL PLOCE PAGE: 53 at station P4 situated in front of the Prapatno bay on the Pelješac Peninsula, i.e. at the outer side of the Neretvanski Channel: 14 – 25 m. April July September December Temperature, º C 14.18 – 17.06 16.16 – 26.20 17.44 – 23.43 13.7 – 17.21 Salinity, psu 32.28 – 38.57 34.93 – 38.93 34.53 – 38.69 36.72 – 38.51 Density (s t) kg/m 3 23.41 – 28.81 22.98 – 28.70 23.93 – 28.39 27.42 – 28.18 Table 1. Ranges of main hydrographical parameters in the Neretvanski Channel (3 stations) during the year 2002: The presence of dissolved nutritious salts, i.e. salts of nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon are a precondition for primary production of organic matter. However, their excessive amount (brought by rivers or by waste waters) may cause eutrophication of a certain area, with unfavourable impact on the sea ecosystem and on aesthetical properties of the sea water. The sea of the Neretvanski Channel in the year 2002, as well as in the preceding years, can be classified as an area of low concentration of nutritious salts. The sea, in the area influenced by the Neretva river (stations P1, P2 and P3) contains higher concentrations of salts of inorganic nitrogen and orthosilicate in relation to the outer side of the Channel (station P4), while values are opposite for orthophosphate. The only exception is the station P1, situated in front of the town port in Ploce, where the surface layer is often enriched by orthophosphate. In the whole investigated area, water column saturation by oxygen was appropriate; it ranged within narrow limits. On the station in front of the Ploce town port (P 1) vertical profile of saturation by oxygen shows a uniform distribution by depth, without enrichment in the surface layer or reduction in the bottom layer. Trophic (nutritional) degree of an area is very well reflected through the height of primary production of organic matter (the first step in transformation of inorganic material into a living organic matter). Each disturbance of the sea ecosystem balance is first reflected at the first step of the food chain, so that, by following the primary production, an appropriate insight into the integral state of the sea ecosystem can be obtained. The primary production has been examined by determination of biomass (chlorophyll a) and the phytoplankton community structure. In the area of Ploce, the overall situation can be considered very favourable, as chlorophyll concentrations (amount of biomass) range between values characteristics for channel waters and open waters of the Adriatic. Qualitative composition of the phytoplankton community is marked by predominance of diatomaceaes, although in summer period dinoflagellates were proportionally well represented too. In this area no important water bloom was noticed in the year 2002. Contamination by faecal waters was examined by determining bacteria indicators of the faecal pollution. The sea at the station P1, in front of the Ploce port, was only lightly polluted, i.e. it satisfied the criterion imposed for the sea intended for bathe and recreation. RIJEKAPROJEKT d.o.o.
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