Between Two Worlds Kafadar.pdf

und türkische Geschichtswissenschaft: Die Saldschuken im Urteil moderner
türkischer Historiker (Berlin, 1984); Michael Ursinus, "Byzantine History in
Late Ottoman Turkish Historiography," BMGS 10(1986):211-22; idem, "'Der
schlechteste Staat': Ahmed Midhat Efendi (1844-1913) on Byzantine Institutions,"
RMGS 11(1987):237-43; idem, "From Süleyman Pasha to Mehmet Fuat Küprülü: Roman
and Byzantine History in Late Ottoman Historiography," BMGS 12 (1988): 305-14.
The translations by Gary Leiser in part serve a similar end of stocktaking,
especially since they are enlarged with annotations, additional footnotes, and
introductions, even though the introductions are not critical: A History of the
Seljuks: Ibrahim * Kafesoglu's * Interpretation and the Resulting Controversy
(Carbondale and Edwardsville, 1988); M. F. Küprülü, The Origins of the Ottoman
Empire (Albany, 1992); idem, Some Observations on the Influence of Byzantine
Institutions on Ottoman Institutions (Ankara, 1993); and idem, Islam in Anatolia
after the Turkish Invasion (Salt Lake City, 1993). For works on the gaza thesis,
see n. 56 in chapter I below. Hereafter, the simplified spelling of "gaza" will
be used.
Introduction
1. Albert Hourani, "How Should We Write the History of the Middle East?" IJMES
23 (1991):130. The name of the eponym of the dynasty will hereafter be spelled
in its simplified form of "Osman," primarily for the sake of practicality. It
is, moreover, uncertain that his given name was `Osman * , from the Arabic
`Uthman * , as will be argued in chapter 3.
2. This usage does not appear in European languages but was common in Arabic,
Persian, and Turkish.
3. Both the politico-military and the religio-cultural history of those four
centuries is given magisterial treatment in Speros Vryonis, The Decline of
Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization from the
Eleventh through the Fifteenth Century (Berkeley, 1971).
4. Claude Cahen, "Kilidj Arslan II," EI, new ed., s.v.
5. Ibid. For a general survey of Seljuk history (as well as the histories of
other Turco-Muslim polities and populations) in Anatolia, see idem, La Turquie
préottomane (Istanbul, 1988); also see Osman Turan, Selçuklular Zamaninda
Türkiye (Istanbul, 1971). The Seljuks of Rum * are seen within the larger
context of Seljuk history in the Middle East in idem, Selçuklular Tarihi ve
Turk-Islam * Medeniyeti, 4th enl. ed. (Istanbul, 1993), and in Gary Leiser,
trans. and ed., A History of the Seljuks: Ibrahim Kafesoglu's * Interpretation
and the Resulting Controversy.
6. For the background, causes, and unfolding of the rebellion, see Ahmet Yasar *
Ocak, Babaîler Isyani * (Istanbul, 1980).
7. On Seljuk caravanserais, see Kurt Erdmann, Das anatolische Karavanserail des
13. Jahrhunderts (Tübingen, 1961); and M. Kemal Özergin, "Anadolu'da Selçuklu
Kervansaraylari," Tarih Dergisi 15 (1965):141-70. The most recent treatment of
the world economy in the relevant era is Janet Abu Lughod, Before European
Economy: The World System, A.D. 1250-1350 (New York, 1989). A detailed look at
the changes in medieval Anatolian economy after the Turkish invasions is
included in Michael Hendy, Studies in the Byzantine Monetary Economy, c.
300-1450 (Cambridge, 1985).
8. Elizabeth A. Zachariadou, Trade and Crusade: Venetian Crete and the Emirates
of Menteshe and Aydin (1300-1415) (Venice, 1983). On the international fair, see
136