European, 30 -31; generational cycles, 11 ; genetic method, 32 ; international, 160 n21; "lid model," 21 -22; national, 10 , 20 -47 passim, 159 -60; Ottoman onion/garlic, 99 , 102 , 114 ; and political-military events, 10 , 32 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 174 n70; trends in, xii -xiii; Turco-Muslim Anatolian, 93 -95; Turkish, 10 , ― 215 ― 23 , 41 , 42 , 44 -46. See also chronicles of House of `Osman history: cultural, 58 ; narrative, 39 -40; sociological, 39 , 46 -47, 163 n23. See also archives; historiography Hizir 75 honor, gazi code of, 84 -86, 174 n72 Hopwood, Keith, 84 , 174 n70 hospitality, wealth and, 87 Houtsma, M. Th., 35 , 42 Huart, C., 35 Hudavendigar 108 human sacrifice, 54 Hungarians: "anti-Turkish" leagues, 18 ; refugees in Ottoman administration, 90 hunkar143 . See also sultanate huruc63 , 118 -19 Husameddin 76 hutbe104 , 147 , 179 -80 I Iberia, 19 -21, 89 Ibn `Arabshah 85 , 88 Ibn Battuta : and ahi associations, 187 n26; at Göynük, 40 , 186 n21; and hospitality in Anatolia, 87 ; and Jew in Anatolian court, 77 ; on Orhan 135 Ibn Hajar 182 n142 Ibn Kemal 105 , 108 , 114 Ibn Khaldun 16 -17, 114 , 182 n142 Ibn Sina 166 n59 Iconium (Konya), 4 ideals; gaza49 -50; and wealth and glory, 87 . See also ideology 196
identities, 190 -91; explanatory value, 35 ; fluidity of cultural/national, 19 -28, 81 -82, 140 -41; gazi, 78 , 81 -82; as Turks, 95 . See also culture; ethnicity; nationalism ideology: conflicting norms, 81 ; in historiography, xiii , 99 -105. See also gaza Ilbegi 114 -17, 143 , 185 -84; death, 100 , 106 , 116 -117, 139 Ilkhanids, 6 , 14 , 122 , 130 ; influences on Ottomans, 40 , 44 -45; and "king of Artana," 186 n22; Oljaitu of, 75 Inalcik 45 , 47 , 58 , 163 n23, 179 n108; and Apz version, 180 n127; and Mehmed 104 ; and `Osman-Mihal 145 ; and `Osman's 136 ; and uc begleri,146 inclusivism, xii , 13 ; gazi, 38 , 68 -70, 82 -84; gender, 40 , 67 -69, 70 ; of Ottoman elite, 90 ; Ottoman state, 120 , 121 ; redefined, 120 ; tribal, 38 , 50 -51. See also cooperation, Christian-Muslim; heterodoxy India, 21 , 159 n18 influence, historiography on, 24 -25, 59 inscription (1357), Bursa, 61 , 77 , 109 , 120 ; produced later, 52 , 55 ; Wittek thesis and, 38 , 42 -43, 51 , 52 , 55 Interregnum (1402-13), 18 , 101 , 102 , 137 Iorga, Nicolae, 52 , 34 , 145 , 162 n7 Islam. See Muslims Ismailam`il 75 -76, 176 n94 Istanbul. See Constantinople Italy, Bari, 3 Iznik. See Nicaea `Izzeddin 66 J Janissaries (yeñi çeri), 17 , 18 , 112 , 139 , 149 Jennings, Ronald C., 51 -52 Jews: Anatolian, 74 , 77 ; conversions to Islam, 74 ; in Ottoman court, 90 jihad , vs. gaza79 -80 Johnson, Samuel, 30 -31, 161 n3 K kadi'asker 112 , 142 , 190 n53 197
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Between Two Worlds Preferred Citati
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like "origins," "genealogy," and "s
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University's Near Eastern Studies D
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Orhan dies, and Murad I succeeds hi
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tradition has been noted before and
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sought the alliance of the Byzantin
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of Political turbulences. The early
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he went and told the story to the s
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cohesion and drive, the realm they
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different political tendencies trie
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to strike coins, issue endowment de
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1413-21) and Murad II (r. 1421-44,
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― 21 ― Muslims and reverted to
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post-Ottoman nation-states of the B
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institutions or did they create the
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carved by the very same people who
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― 31 ― son thought so highly of
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One of his radically novel assertio
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Underlining the growth of trade and
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gazis, warriors of the faith, who s
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time. Furthermore, we should note t
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however, believes that the Iskender
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Zoroastrian.[37] In addition to thi
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It is time now to go over the gaza
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values" could be anything more than
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least recognized an intermediate ca
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― 55 ― My point here is not to
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the bourgeoisie simply by studying
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existence.[2] The only pieces of wr
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popularity, such as the `Antarname
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century. We must also note, however
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― 68 ― turn. Grabbing her lance
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emperor Kantakouzenos (1341-55) and
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attitudes or gestures. Not that suc
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Ottoman central authorities in the
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`Arif Çelebi, the Mevlevi , releas
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― 80 ― strategy?[57] In a world
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origins might well serve as a metap
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construct of a settled civilization
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― 87 ― chronicles relate that a
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warriors, tribes, and holy men can
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claim to the glorious deeds of the
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dominant Ottoman state in the latte
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elatively more "establishment" view
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should a fortiori reflect an earlie
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surviving contender to the throne i
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Ottoman historical writing of the f
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not, it is not surprising that the
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therefore not only were uninhibited
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states. ― 111 ― Two aspects of
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esentment of the gazi circles that
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major story in Ottoman chronicles,
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Èek deveyi güt koyunu Bir gün ol
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difference from the other principal
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the chronicles attribute gaza raids
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Byzantines and the Mongols, and eve
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or had been, associated with the Ch
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was getting ready for what promised
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also be seen to embody a compact of
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emirates of the region in the 1330s
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successive cases of unigeniture as
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― 140 ― present earlier than de
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Osman. Their resentment goes at lea
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levels must have changed over time
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who was no less than a descendant o
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whose establishment spelled the end
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enterprises and of the Ottoman poli
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ABI. H. Uzuncarsili . Anadolu Beyli
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Faruk Sümer, ¡ abanlu Pazari: Sel
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eve of the Mantzikert victory, bene
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ed. Gary Leiser (Albany, 1992). 19.
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40. Akdag * , Týrkiye'nin Iktisadi
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