convergence

The Geography of Badness
29 Patrick, 151.
30 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Crime and Instability: Case Studies of Transnational
Threats, February 2010, available at .
31 Patrick, 151.
32 See “The Rot Spreads,” The Economist, January 20, 2011.
33 David Grann, “A Murder Foretold,” The New Yorker, April 4, 2011.
34 Library of Congress, Nations report.
35 Ibid.
36 Southern Pulse Report, “Ungoverned Spaces in the Americas, Part 1,” July 8, 2011, available at .
37 Glenny, 91–96; Helen Fox, “Trans-Dniester’s Surreal Life,” BBC, September 2, 2005.
38 Fox.
39 Sheets.
40 Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), “Former Guatemalan Senior Anti-Narcotics Officers Plead Guilty
to Conspiracy to Manufacture and Distribute Cocaine,” press release, September 8, 2006.
41 UNODC, Crime and Instability.
42 Ibid.
43 Matthew Rosenberg, “Corruption Suspected in Airlift of Billions from Kabul,” The Wall Street Journal, June
25, 2010.
44 UNODC, “Crime and Development in Africa,” June 2005.
45 UNODC, Crime and Instability.
46 See Angela Giuffrida, “Dubai Labors Under Money Laundering Image,” The New York Times, December 1,
2010; Patrick Radden Keefe, “Quartermasters of Terror,” New York Review of Books 52, no. 2, February 10, 2005;
“An Unlikely Criminal Crossroads,” U.S. News & World Report, November 11, 2005.
47 Library of Congress, Nations report.
48 “An Unlikely Criminal Crossroads.”
49 U.S. Senate, Foreign Relations Committee, “Afghanistan’s Narco War: Breaking the Link Between Drug
Traffickers and Insurgents” (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2009).
50 Library of Congress, Nations report.
51 Bill Powell and Adam Zagorin, “The Tony Soprano of North Korea,” Time, July 12, 2007; also see Sheena
Chesnut, “Illicit Activity and Proliferation: North Korean Smuggling Networks,” International Security 32, no. 1
(Summer 2007); Paul Rexton Kan, Bruce Bechtol, Jr., and Robert M. Collins, Criminal Sovereignty: Understanding
North Korea’s Illicit Activities (Carlisle, PA: U.S. Army War College, April 12, 2010).
52 Babak Dehghanpisheh, “Smugglers for the State,” Newsweek, July 10, 2010.
53 Robert Killebrew and Jennifer Bernal, Crime Wars: Gangs, Cartels and U.S. National Security (Washington,
DC: Center for a New American Security, 2010).
54 Ed Vulliamy, “How a Big U.S. Bank Laundered Billions from Mexico’s Murderous Drug Gangs,” The Observer,
April 2, 2011.
55 Quoted in Jeremy Haken, “Transnational Crime in the Developing World,” Global Financial Integrity, February
8, 2011.
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