convergence

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Luna Author’s Note In honor and memory of Ambassador Chris Stevens and all patriots, civilian and military, who give their lives for our country to courageously advance our democratic values and ideals including to end tyranny and combat terrorism and violent crime, promote freedom and the rule of law, and safeguard security so that people can build a better world that nurtures sustainable peace, progress, and human dignity. Their sacrifice is never forgotten and strengthens our resolve. 232
Chapter 13 The Department of Defense’s Role in Combating Transnational Organized Crime William F. Wechsler and Gary Barnabo Transnational organized crime (TOC) is altering the face of national security and changing the character of the battlespace. Loose networks of criminals operate across international boundaries with impunity, and their actions are more violent, deadly, and destabilizing than in any previous time. Once viewed primarily through the lens of law enforcement as drug cartels, transnational criminal organizations now engage in a web of overlapping illegal activities, from cybercrime to trafficking in persons, money laundering, and distribution of materials for weapons of mass destruction. As the power and influence of these organizations have grown, their ability to undermine, corrode, and destabilize governments has increased. The links forged among criminal groups, terrorist movements, and insurgencies have resulted in a new type of adversary: hybrid, ever-evolving networks that are criminal, violent, and, at times, politically motivated and blend into the landscape of a globalization-dominated world. Hybrid networks adapt their structures and activities faster than countries can combat their threats. These adversaries have become the new normal, compelling governments toward integrated, innovative approaches to countering the growing dangers posed by transnational organized crime. The Character of Transnational Organized Crime For decades, drug trafficking was the dominant lens through which the United States viewed TOC. In the 1970s and 1980s, the flow of illicit narcotics into the United States was deemed a major risk to the health and safety of Americans, and the government expended massive resources to curtail both the supply of and the demand for illegal drugs. Supply side reduction strategies emphasized degrading the capabilities of Western Hemisphere drug-trafficking organizations—highly capable, violent, centralized, and hierarchical organizations often led by charismatic kingpins. Pablo Escobar and the Medellín Cartel, for example, were emblematic of the type of threat facing the United States. 233
Page 5 and 6:
Edited by Michael Miklaucic and Jac
Page 7 and 8:
Contents Foreword vii James G. Stav
Page 9 and 10:
Foreword Admiral James G. Stavridis
Page 11 and 12:
Foreword find themselves in. The Re
Page 13 and 14:
Acknowledgments E very published bo
Page 15 and 16:
Introduction Michael Miklaucic and
Page 17 and 18:
Introduction networks will operate
Page 19 and 20:
Introduction and distribution opera
Page 21 and 22:
Introduction bureaucracies remain h
Page 23:
Introduction Just looking at Mexico
Page 27 and 28:
Chapter 1 Deviant Globalization Nil
Page 29 and 30:
Deviant Globalization lots of choic
Page 31 and 32:
Deviant Globalization of (at least
Page 33 and 34:
Deviant Globalization tale. Today
Page 35 and 36:
Deviant Globalization What Is to Be
Page 37:
Deviant Globalization 3 Philip Capu
Page 40 and 41:
Williams Some commentators wholehea
Page 42 and 43:
Williams In this connection, not on
Page 44 and 45:
Williams 20 With a single ship able
Page 46 and 47:
Williams rates. . . . In 2050, appr
Page 48 and 49:
Williams of no-go zone and slums an
Page 50 and 51:
Williams Water would also be at ris
Page 52 and 53:
Williams is simply the prize of pol
Page 54 and 55:
Williams era of state budgetary ret
Page 56 and 57:
Williams The corollary is that alth
Page 58 and 59:
Williams would not be prudent to re
Page 60 and 61:
Williams 56 “Global Water Securit
Page 62 and 63:
Picard information on black markets
Page 64 and 65:
Picard harms. The economic value of
Page 66 and 67:
Picard not particularly relevant as
Page 68 and 69:
Picard The Government Accountabilit
Page 70 and 71:
Picard The study was based on a var
Page 72 and 73:
Picard In considering whether the d
Page 74 and 75:
Picard 50 Table 3. Comparison of Pr
Page 76 and 77:
Picard Connecting Illicit Market Si
Page 78 and 79:
Picard have died because they have
Page 80 and 81:
Picard 56 10 percent = $14.95 billi
Page 82 and 83:
Picard prohibited, taxed, or regula
Page 84 and 85:
Picard 32 “The Illegal Shipment o
Page 87 and 88:
Chapter 4 The Illicit Supply Chain
Page 89 and 90:
The Illicit Supply Chain business (
Page 91 and 92:
The Illicit Supply Chain For cash c
Page 93 and 94:
The Illicit Supply Chain routes (bo
Page 95 and 96:
The Illicit Supply Chain increase i
Page 97 and 98:
The Illicit Supply Chain 6 In 2010,
Page 99 and 100:
Chapter 5 Fixers, Super Fixers, and
Page 101 and 102:
Fixers, Super Fixers, and Shadow Fa
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119:
Page 122 and 123:
Keefe If, as Phil Williams contends
Page 124 and 125:
Keefe For those seeking to study or
Page 126 and 127:
Keefe Partial State Degradation Fro
Page 128 and 129:
Keefe A more recent study hypothesi
Page 130 and 131:
Keefe An Informal Economy Of course
Page 132 and 133:
Keefe Notes 1 William Langewiesche,
Page 135 and 136:
Chapter 7 Threat Finance: A Critica
Page 137 and 138:
Threat Finance ultimately threatens
Page 139 and 140:
Threat Finance donations that were
Page 141 and 142:
Figure 1. A Simple Hawala Transacti
Page 143 and 144:
Threat Finance benefits offered by
Page 145 and 146:
Threat Finance Since the start of t
Page 147 and 148:
Threat Finance played a key role in
Page 149 and 150:
Threat Finance international standa
Page 151 and 152:
Threat Finance Directive 5205.14 ch
Page 153 and 154:
Threat Finance 18 Per 2009 statisti
Page 155 and 156:
Chapter 8 Money Laundering into Rea
Page 157 and 158:
Money Laundering into Real Estate p
Page 159 and 160:
Money Laundering into Real Estate a
Page 161 and 162:
Money Laundering into Real Estate Y
Page 163 and 164:
Money Laundering into Real Estate f
Page 165 and 166:
Money Laundering into Real Estate c
Page 167 and 168:
Money Laundering into Real Estate S
Page 169 and 170:
Money Laundering into Real Estate 3
Page 171:
Part III. The Attack on Sovereignty
Page 174 and 175:
Miklaucic and Naím linkages to ext
Page 176 and 177:
Miklaucic and Naím magnitude of il
Page 178 and 179:
Miklaucic and Naím are groups and
Page 180 and 181:
Miklaucic and Naím 156 or as defin
Page 182 and 183:
Miklaucic and Naím While disturbin
Page 184 and 185:
Miklaucic and Naím now exceeds US$
Page 186 and 187:
Miklaucic and Naím However, under
Page 188 and 189:
Miklaucic and Naím that would bene
Page 190 and 191:
Miklaucic and Naím An Existential
Page 192 and 193:
Miklaucic and Naím 15 Transparency
Page 195 and 196:
Chapter 10 How Illicit Networks Imp
Page 197 and 198:
How Illicit Networks Impact Soverei
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
• usurping state fiscal roles (st
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206: How Illicit Networks Impact Soverei
Page 211: How Illicit Networks Impact Soverei
Page 214 and 215: Felbab-Brown the 2010 U.S. military
Page 216 and 217: Felbab-Brown poorest farmers, who a
Page 218 and 219: Felbab-Brown the strategic distinct
Page 220 and 221: Felbab-Brown system. Intolerable to
Page 222 and 223: Felbab-Brown Poppy cultivation did
Page 224 and 225: Felbab-Brown Should a civil war be
Page 226 and 227: Felbab-Brown Moreover, the positive
Page 228 and 229: Felbab-Brown During conflict situat
Page 230 and 231: Felbab-Brown 2 Adam Pain, “Opium
Page 232 and 233: Felbab-Brown 39 For details, see Fe
Page 235: Part IV. Fighting Back
Page 238 and 239: Luna domestic product. The wide ava
Page 240 and 241: Luna renewed multilateral diplomacy
Page 242 and 243: Luna organizations or facilitators
Page 244 and 245: Luna build on regional and interreg
Page 246 and 247: Luna subregional, and bilateral lev
Page 248 and 249: Luna 224 • drain the illicit econ
Page 250 and 251: Luna to combat the assets of the cr
Page 252 and 253: Luna The following represent exampl
Page 254 and 255: Luna rests in private hands. Privat
Page 258 and 259: Wechsler and Barnabo The drug-traff
Page 260 and 261: Wechsler and Barnabo threat to nati
Page 262 and 263: Wechsler and Barnabo the state. Col
Page 264 and 265: Wechsler and Barnabo enemies in Afg
Page 266 and 267: Wechsler and Barnabo Notes 1 Statem
Page 268 and 269: Realuyo 244 • Promote collaborati
Page 270 and 271: Realuyo a result of globalization,
Page 272 and 273: Realuyo 248 • reduce the demand f
Page 274 and 275: Realuyo 250 • Organized crime and
Page 276 and 277: Realuyo around the world, and their
Page 278 and 279: Realuyo For more than 10 years, the
Page 280 and 281: Realuyo power and corruption by the
Page 282 and 283: Realuyo handled 141 investigative l
Page 284 and 285: Realuyo is in support of those law
Page 286 and 287: Realuyo 262 • Know your partners.
Page 288 and 289: Realuyo Table 1. Critical Elements
Page 290 and 291: Realuyo 18 Ibid. 19 UNODC, “UNODC
Page 293 and 294: About the Contributors Michael Mikl
Page 295 and 296: About the Contributors Nils Gilman
Page 297 and 298: About the Contributors feiting, art
Page 299: About the Contributors campaign pla
show all

convergence

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?