convergence

Lessons for State-Building
57 See, for example, Syed Irfan Ashraf, “Militancy and the Black Economy,” Dawn, March 22, 2009; Sabrina
Taversine, “Organized Crime in Pakistan Feeds Taliban,” The New York Times, August 29, 2009; and Pir Zubair
Shah and Jane Perlez, “Pakistan Marble Helps Taliban Stay in Business,” The New York Times, July 14, 2008.
58 For more details, see Vanda Felbab-Brown, “Conceptualizing Crime as Competition in State-Making and
Designing an Effective Response,” speech at Conference on Illicit Trafficking Activities in the Western Hemisphere,
Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies and Office of National Drug Control Policy, available at .
59 For a more extensive discussion of power brokers’ and states’ linkages to an illicit economy, including a postwar
illicit economy, see Vanda Felbab-Brown, “Rules and Regulations in Ungoverned Spaces: Illicit Economies, Criminals
and Belligerents,” in Ungoverned Spaces: Alternatives to State Authority in an Era of Softened Sovereignty, ed. Harold
Trinkunas and Anne Clunnan, 175–192 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2010).
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