convergence

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Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government. Cleared for public release; distribution unlimited. Portions of this book may be quoted or reprinted without permission, provided that a standard source credit line is included. NDU Press would appreciate a courtesy copy of reprints or reviews. First printing, April 2013 NDU Press publications are sold by the U.S. Government Printing Office. For ordering information, call (202) 512–1800 or write to the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. For GPO publications on-line, access its Web site at: http://www.access. gpo.gov/su_docs/sale.html. For current publications of the Institute for National Strategic Studies, consult the National Defense University Web site at: http://www.ndu.edu.
Contents Foreword vii James G. Stavridis Acknowledgments xi Introduction xiii Michael Miklaucic and Jacqueline Brewer Part I. A Clear and Present Danger Chapter 1 3 Deviant Globalization Nils Gilman, Jesse Goldhammer, and Steven Weber Chapter 2 15 Lawlessness and Disorder: An Emerging Paradigm for the 21 st Century Phil Williams Chapter 3 37 Can We Estimate the Global Scale and Impact of Illicit Trade? Justin Picard Part II. Complex Illicit Operations Chapter 4 63 The Illicit Supply Chain Duncan Deville Chapter 5 75 Fixers, Super Fixers, and Shadow Facilitators: How Networks Connect Douglas Farah Chapter 6 97 The Geography of Badness: Mapping the Hubs of the Illicit Global Economy Patrick Radden Keefe Chapter 7 111 Threat Finance: A Critical Enabler for Illicit Networks Danielle Camner Lindholm and Celina B. Realuyo v
Page 5: Edited by Michael Miklaucic and Jac
Page 9 and 10: Foreword Admiral James G. Stavridis
Page 11 and 12: Foreword find themselves in. The Re
Page 13 and 14: Acknowledgments E very published bo
Page 15 and 16: Introduction Michael Miklaucic and
Page 17 and 18: Introduction networks will operate
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Page 37: Deviant Globalization 3 Philip Capu
Page 40 and 41: Williams Some commentators wholehea
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Williams The corollary is that alth
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Williams would not be prudent to re
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Williams 56 “Global Water Securit
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Picard information on black markets
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Picard harms. The economic value of
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Picard not particularly relevant as
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Picard The Government Accountabilit
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Picard The study was based on a var
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Picard In considering whether the d
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Picard 50 Table 3. Comparison of Pr
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Picard Connecting Illicit Market Si
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Picard have died because they have
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Picard 56 10 percent = $14.95 billi
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Picard prohibited, taxed, or regula
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Picard 32 “The Illegal Shipment o
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Chapter 4 The Illicit Supply Chain
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The Illicit Supply Chain business (
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The Illicit Supply Chain For cash c
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The Illicit Supply Chain routes (bo
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The Illicit Supply Chain increase i
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The Illicit Supply Chain 6 In 2010,
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Chapter 5 Fixers, Super Fixers, and
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Fixers, Super Fixers, and Shadow Fa
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Keefe If, as Phil Williams contends
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Keefe For those seeking to study or
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Keefe Partial State Degradation Fro
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Keefe A more recent study hypothesi
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Keefe An Informal Economy Of course
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Keefe Notes 1 William Langewiesche,
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Chapter 7 Threat Finance: A Critica
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Threat Finance ultimately threatens
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Threat Finance donations that were
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Figure 1. A Simple Hawala Transacti
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Threat Finance benefits offered by
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Threat Finance Since the start of t
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Threat Finance played a key role in
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Threat Finance international standa
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Threat Finance Directive 5205.14 ch
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Threat Finance 18 Per 2009 statisti
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Chapter 8 Money Laundering into Rea
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Money Laundering into Real Estate p
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Money Laundering into Real Estate a
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Money Laundering into Real Estate Y
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Money Laundering into Real Estate f
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Money Laundering into Real Estate c
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Money Laundering into Real Estate S
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Money Laundering into Real Estate 3
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Part III. The Attack on Sovereignty
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Miklaucic and Naím linkages to ext
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Miklaucic and Naím magnitude of il
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Miklaucic and Naím are groups and
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Miklaucic and Naím 156 or as defin
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Miklaucic and Naím While disturbin
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Miklaucic and Naím now exceeds US$
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Miklaucic and Naím However, under
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Miklaucic and Naím that would bene
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Miklaucic and Naím An Existential
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Miklaucic and Naím 15 Transparency
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Chapter 10 How Illicit Networks Imp
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How Illicit Networks Impact Soverei
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• usurping state fiscal roles (st
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Felbab-Brown the 2010 U.S. military
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Felbab-Brown poorest farmers, who a
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Felbab-Brown the strategic distinct
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Felbab-Brown system. Intolerable to
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Felbab-Brown Poppy cultivation did
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Felbab-Brown Should a civil war be
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Felbab-Brown Moreover, the positive
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Felbab-Brown During conflict situat
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Felbab-Brown 2 Adam Pain, “Opium
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Felbab-Brown 39 For details, see Fe
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Part IV. Fighting Back
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Luna domestic product. The wide ava
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Luna renewed multilateral diplomacy
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Luna organizations or facilitators
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Luna build on regional and interreg
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Luna subregional, and bilateral lev
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Luna 224 • drain the illicit econ
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Luna to combat the assets of the cr
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Luna The following represent exampl
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Luna rests in private hands. Privat
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Luna Author’s Note In honor and m
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Wechsler and Barnabo The drug-traff
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Wechsler and Barnabo threat to nati
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Wechsler and Barnabo the state. Col
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Wechsler and Barnabo enemies in Afg
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Wechsler and Barnabo Notes 1 Statem
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Realuyo 244 • Promote collaborati
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Realuyo a result of globalization,
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Realuyo 248 • reduce the demand f
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Realuyo 250 • Organized crime and
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Realuyo around the world, and their
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Realuyo For more than 10 years, the
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Realuyo power and corruption by the
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Realuyo handled 141 investigative l
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Realuyo is in support of those law
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Realuyo 262 • Know your partners.
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Realuyo Table 1. Critical Elements
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Realuyo 18 Ibid. 19 UNODC, “UNODC
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About the Contributors Michael Mikl
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About the Contributors Nils Gilman
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About the Contributors feiting, art
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About the Contributors campaign pla
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convergence

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