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TERNATE 141 THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE [p. 197] Vowels a e i o u II Synopsis of the Grammar The a, e, and i are long or short; the i has an “ee” sound (as in “deep”) in both open and closed syllables. Combined, the vowels occur as ae, ei, ai, oi, au, and ou, but these are not real diphthongs. Consonants h k g ng c j y ny t d s r l n p b f w m Consonants which occur in words of foreign origin have not been included; the local pronunciation is sufficiently clear from the glossary. Nouns Each noun is given in the singular form. The plural is formed by adding dofu (many) or numerals, and often must be understood from the context of the sentence. The gender is indicated, when necessary, by the addition of nonau (masculine) or fofoheka (feminine). Of the cases, only the genitive need be mentioned, in which the words are connected by the particle ma, e.g. jou ma-falah, “the house of the man.” Changing verbs into nouns is often done by repeating the first letter and simultaneously changing the vowel, e.g., lolahi, “request,” derived from lahi, “to request;” [p. 198] momote, “follower,” from mote, “to follow;” ngongaje, “story,” from ngaje-ngaje, “to tell.” Adjectives SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES DIGITAL EDITION
TERNATE 142 THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE The adjective immediately follows the noun which it modifies. The degree of comparison is formed by adding lebe or foloi, the first before and the second after the adjective. Pronouns The pronoun is the most important part of speech, giving the language its singular character. Personal Pronouns a. Singular person b. Plural person masculine feminine I ngori to ngori to fangare to fajaro to to to II ngana no ngana no ngana ngana no no III una o mina mo o mo masculine feminine I mi mi ngomi mi ngomi mi fangare ngomi mi fajaro ngomi mi fo fo II ngoni ni ngoni ni III ana i ana i ana ana [p. 199] nga nga i i The italicized forms are pronominal forms, which are used in combination with a verb and which also serve to indicate reciprocal forms. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES DIGITAL EDITION
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F.S.A. de Clercq Ternate The Reside
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TERNATE ii CONTENTS List of Illustr
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TERNATE iv CONTENTS Preface The lit
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TERNATE vi PLATES Fig. 3. A hat mad
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TERNATE 2 TOPOGRAPHY AND TRAVEL DES
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TERNATE 10 TOPOGRAPHY AND TRAVEL DE
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Page 97 and 98: TERNATE 90 TOPOGRAPHY AND TRAVEL DE
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Page 141 and 142: TERNATE 134 SHORT CHRONICLE Sultan
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192 TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE hari
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE hoko
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE iste
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE offi
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE Labu
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE lofi
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE mala
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE milt
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE nyem
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE popa
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE tofa
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE uge,
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE yaya
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TERNATE 242 APPENDICES Kapitein-ngo
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TERNATE 244 APPENDICES menganiaja o
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TERNATE 246 APPENDICES Council, sin
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TERNATE 248 APPENDICES after nine o
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TERNATE 250 APPENDICES Thursday, Fe
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TERNATE 252 APPENDICES Saturday, Ma
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TERNATE 254 APPENDICES quitasols, s
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TERNATE 256 APPENDICES It flies fro
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TERNATE 258 BIBLIOGRAPHY Anhange vo
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TERNATE 260 BIBLIOGRAPHY F.R.S., la
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TERNATE 262 BIBLIOGRAPHY Realia 188
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TERNATE 264 INDEX OF NAMES [p. 355]
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