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TERNATE 13 TOPOGRAPHY AND TRAVEL DESCRIPTIONS The impression of Ternate received by the visitor depends very much on the time of year, since the white walls surrounding the compounds suffer much damage from the continuous rains and most of the inhabitants do not [p. 20] want to replace them with hedges—the walls are a real Old Dutch custom, adopted from our ancestors and still observed. The Christian citizens have no leader of their own, but come directly under the jurisdiction of the European government. The population numbers slightly more than two hundred people. In fact they differ very little from many Indo-Europeans who owe their status of equality with Europeans to a whim of fate. Some of these people are artisans, some have small gardens, and still others try to earn their living as clerks or overseers. They are no burden on the government and quietly live their own lives, faithfully performing their religious duties. 29 Their moral standard has more than once been attacked: even Valentijn talks about them unfavorably. It is often overlooked, however, that in a place as small as Ternate the most trivial matters are blown out of proportion. Moreover, mutual emulation and the complete lack of diversity often cause observers to mistake appearance for reality. 30 Our wandering through the capital is at an end. We turn back toward the beach and cast a last glance along the road, which often provides a cheerful sight, when the fully loaded schooners are returning from New Guinea, the Mandarese boats bring in all kinds of articles from Singapore, and a pair [p. 21] of steamships host their lively entertainments. At such times, one can for a moment visualize how Ternate would always appear if its geographical location were less remote. 29 [p. 20, n. 1] The native Christians are most probably descendants of the so-called free citizens, i.e., servants of the Company who stayed behind when their term was finished and who were allowed to carry on their own trade in rice, sago, timber, salt, cattle, and cotton mats, but not in spices. They were required to have a fixed abode on Ternate within Maleiyo and were not allowed to marry native women unless the women embraced Christianity (see de Jonge, 1872-1875, IV:lxvii). According to Valentijn (1724, Ib:255) they were employed as bodyguards during council meetings, for example in 1627. Many of their descendants enjoy a status of equality with Europeans because they adopted a European surname, often by chance. 30 [p. 20, n. 2] See Valentijn (1724, Ib:13, 15) and the travel story, dated 1853, which is reported in the “Fragment” (TNI, p. 429). SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES DIGITAL EDITION
TERNATE 14 TOPOGRAPHY AND TRAVEL DESCRIPTIONS Exports of the region are tobacco (mainly from Galela and Makian), staghorn, birds’ skins (especially from New Guinea), tortoise shell, wax (from Sula and Banggai), damar (resin), white and black shark fins, cocoa, rubber, kopra (copra), nutmeg, mace, coffee, mangudu bark, and tripang (sea cucumber). The main import articles are cotton and woolen underclothing, glassware and earthenware, brass and iron products, silk and cotton thread, opium (by the government of the Dutch Indies), coal, gunny bags, tea, paper, medicines, cigars, guns (for hunting), sunshade provisions, candles, matches, wine, beer, spirits, paraffin, shoes, hats, roof tiles, rice, sugar, salt, flour, cattle, furniture, and fireworks. The exact quantities for each of these products are unknown since traders in a free port never disclose true figures. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES DIGITAL EDITION
Page 1 and 2: F.S.A. de Clercq Ternate The Reside
Page 3 and 4: TERNATE ii CONTENTS List of Illustr
Page 5 and 6: TERNATE iv CONTENTS Preface The lit
Page 7 and 8: TERNATE vi PLATES Fig. 3. A hat mad
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TERNATE 64 TOPOGRAPHY AND TRAVEL DE
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TERNATE 100 TOPOGRAPHY AND TRAVEL D
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TERNATE 102 SHORT CHRONICLE [p. 147
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TERNATE 104 SHORT CHRONICLE settle
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TERNATE 106 SHORT CHRONICLE [p. 150
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TERNATE 108 SHORT CHRONICLE 1534. T
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TERNATE 110 SHORT CHRONICLE 1583. B
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TERNATE 112 SHORT CHRONICLE 1610. P
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TERNATE 114 SHORT CHRONICLE 1640. A
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TERNATE 116 SHORT CHRONICLE 1675. K
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TERNATE 118 SHORT CHRONICLE 1715. J
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TERNATE 122 SHORT CHRONICLE 1809. R
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TERNATE 124 SHORT CHRONICLE 1818. S
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TERNATE 128 SHORT CHRONICLE Destruc
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TERNATE 130 SHORT CHRONICLE Repeate
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TERNATE 132 SHORT CHRONICLE 1859. R
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TERNATE 134 SHORT CHRONICLE Sultan
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TERNATE 136 THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE
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172 TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE bang
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE buta
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE dadi
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE dodu
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE hari
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE hoko
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE iste
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE offi
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE Labu
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE lofi
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE mala
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE milt
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE nyem
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE popa
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE tofa
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE uge,
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TERNATE THE TERNATESE LANGUAGE yaya
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TERNATE 242 APPENDICES Kapitein-ngo
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TERNATE 244 APPENDICES menganiaja o
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TERNATE 246 APPENDICES Council, sin
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TERNATE 248 APPENDICES after nine o
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TERNATE 250 APPENDICES Thursday, Fe
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TERNATE 252 APPENDICES Saturday, Ma
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TERNATE 254 APPENDICES quitasols, s
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TERNATE 256 APPENDICES It flies fro
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TERNATE 258 BIBLIOGRAPHY Anhange vo
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TERNATE 260 BIBLIOGRAPHY F.R.S., la
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TERNATE 262 BIBLIOGRAPHY Realia 188
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TERNATE 264 INDEX OF NAMES [p. 355]
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