The Global Innovation Index 2012

More documents

Recommendations

Info

168 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 11: We Are All Content Creators Now 4 Masnick and Ho, 2012. Note, however, that the IFPI also made some adjustments to their methodology and categorization during the respective period. See Masnick and Ho, p. 25. 5 Masnick and Ho, 2012. 6 See http://americanart.si.edu/exhibitions/ archive/2012/games/. 7 Wunsch-Vincent, 2011. 8 There are different approaches to define and hence measure the economic contribution for creative industries. For an introduction, see for example KEA European Affairs, 2006; UNCTAD/UNDP, 2008, 2010. 9 UNCTAD/UNDP, 2008, p. 29, displays estimates based on several studies that have analysed the contribution of the cultural and creative industries to GDP, gross value-added, and employment. 10 Soendermann, 2010 for Germany and dcms, 2011 for the United Kingdom. 11 For cultural industries including the audiovisual sector, see EC, 2011. 12 KEA European Affairs, 2006. 13 Estimate based on 30 European countries; see Power, 2011. 14 Png, 2010; Towse, 2010. 15 KEA European Affairs, 2006; Towse, 2010. 16 UNCTAD/UNDP, 2010. 17 IFPI, 2012. 18 In-Stat, 2010. 19 See Wauters, 2011; Juniper Research, 2011. 20 Fisher, 2004; OECD, 2005. 21 Locke, 2012. 22 McGuire and Slater, 2005. 23 See http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4- 94JhLEiN0. 24 See http://creativecommons.org/about. 25 Florida, 2002. 26 In a recent survey among angel investors in the USA, Le Merle et al. find that increasing liability for digital content providers would have a stronger negative impact on early stage investment than an economic recession; see Le Merle et al. 2011. 27 See Ghafele and Benjamin, 2011. 28 An analysis by McKinsey (2010) suggests that advertising revenues earned through web services underscore the value consumers derive from them. 29 For instance, Bakhshi et al. 2008 and Experian 2007 find evidence that firms with a higher share of inputs from creative industries indeed tend to do better on product innovation. 30 See http://www.onehourpersecond.com/. 31 See http://blog.facebook.com/blog. php?post=10150262684247131. 32 Estimated figures based on Blog Pulse data and Amazon.com. See also https://www. google.com/takeaction/you-are-the-web/. 33 TuneCore is a service that helps independent artists make their works available through iTunes and other stores. In 2009, according to an analysis by Nielsen, it issued 90,000 new releases. That is nearly as much music as that released by labels and does not even account for myriad musicians who are reaching the market directly through MySpace, YouTube, and many other platforms—see Price, 2010. 34 Anderson, 2006. 35 Waldfogel, 2011. 36 Belza et al., 2012. Figures refer to Australian dollars. 37 See Ghafele and Benjamin, 2011. 38 Le Merle et al. 2011. References Anderson, C. 2006. The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business Is Selling Less of More. New York: Hyperion. Bakhshi, H., E. McVittie, and J. Simmie. 2008. Creating Innovation: Do the Creative Industries Support Innovation in the Wider Economy? NESTA research report. Available at http://www. nesta.org.uk/library/documents/Report%20 -%20Creative%20Innovation%20v5.pdf Belza, J., P. Forth, J. Purnell, and P. Zwillenberg. 2012. 2012. ‘Culture Boom: How Digital Media Are Invigorating Australia’. Report. Boston: Boston Consulting Group. DCSM (UK Department for Culture, Media and Sport). 2011. Creative Industries Economic Estimates: Full Statistical Release. Available at http://www.culture.gov.uk/images/research/ Creative-Industries-Economic-Estimates- Report-2011-update.pdf EC (European Commission). 2011. ‘Commission Consults on How Best to Seize the Opportunities for TV and Film in the Online Age’. Press Release 13 July 2011. Available at http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction. do?reference=IP/11/868&format=HTML&age d=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en. Experian. 2007. ‘How Linked Are the UK’s Creative Industries to the Wider Economy? An Input- Output Analysis’. Working Paper prepared for NESTA. Available at http://www.nesta.org. uk/library/documents/Creating_innovation_ experian.pdf. Fisher, W. 2004. Promises to Keep: Technology, Law, and the Future of Entertainment. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Florida, R. 2002. The Rise of the Creative Class. New York: Basic Books. Ghafele, R., and G. Benjamin. 2011. ‘Counting the Costs of Collective Rights Management of Music Copyright in Europe.’ MPRA Paper 34646, University Library of Munich, Germany. Available at http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen. de/34646/. IFPI. 2012. Digital Music Report 2012. IFPI. Available at http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/ DMR2012.pdf. In-Stat. 2010. Web to TV Gaining Momentum in the US. Available at http://www. in-stat.com/catalog/mmcatalogue. asp?id=212#IN1004655CM. Juniper Research. 2011. Mobile Publishing: eBooks, eMagazines & eNewspapers for Smart Devices 2011-2016. Available at http://www. juniperresearch.com/reports/Mobile_ Publishing. KEA European Affairs. 2006. The Economy of Culture in Europe. Study prepared for the European Commission (Directorate-General for Education and Culture). Le Merle, M., R. Sarma, T. Ahmed, and C. Pencavel. 2011. The Impact of U.S. Internet Copyright Regulation on Early-Stage Investment: A Quantitative Study. Booz & Company. Available at http://www.booz.com/media/ uploads/BoozCo-Impact-US-Internet- Copyright-Regulations-Early-Stage- Investment.pdf. Lerner, J. 2011. ‘The Impact of Copyright Policy Changes on Venture Capital Investment in Cloud Computing Companies’. Computers and Communication Industry Association (CCIA). Available at http://www.ccianet.org/CCIA/files/ ccLibraryFilesFilename/000000000559/ Cablevision%20white%20paper%20(11.01.11). pdf. Locke, L. 2012. ’Kickstarter Crowdsourced Cash Empowers US innovators’. BBC News Technology. Available at http://www.bbc. com/news/technology-17531736. Masnick, M. and M. Ho. 2012. ‘The Sky Is Rising: A Detailed Look at the Entertainment Industry’. techdirt: Floor64. Available at http://www. techdirt.com/skyisrising/. McGuire, M. and D. Slater. 2005. ’Consumer Taste Sharing Is Driving the Online Music Business and Democratizing Culture’. Gartner No. G00131260. The Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School. Available at http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/sites/cyber.law. harvard.edu/files/11-ConsumerTasteSharing. pdf. McKinsey. 2010. ‘Consumers Driving the Digital Uptake: The Economic Value of Online Advertising-Based Services for Consumers’. White paper. Available at http://www.iab. net/insights_research/industry_data_and_ landscape/consumers_driving_digital_ uptake. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2005. Digital Music: Opportunities and Challenges. Paris: OECD. Available at http://www.oecd.org/ dataoecd/13/2/34995041.pdf.
Pélissié du Rausas, M., J. Manyika, E. Hazan, J. Bughin, M. Chui, and R. Said. 2011. Internet Matters. The Net’s Sweeping Impact on Growth, Jobs, and Prosperity. McKinsey Global Institute. Available at http://www.mckinsey.com/ Insights/MGI/Research/Technology_and_ Innovation/Internet_matters. Png, I. P. L. 2010. ‘On the Reliability of Software Piracy Statistics’. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 9 (5) (September-October 2010). Power, D. 2011. The European Cluster Observatory. Priority Sector Report: Creative and Cultural Industries. Europe INNOVA papers, No. 16. Luxembourg: European Commission. Available at http://www.europe-innova.eu/c/ document_library/get_file?folderId=18090&n ame=DLFE-12822.pdf. Price, J. 2010. ‘The State of the Music Industry & the Delegitimization of Artists. Part 1: Music Purchases and Net Revenue for Artists Are Up, Gross Revenue for Labels Is Down’. Tunecore blog. Available at http://blog. tunecore.com/2010/10/music-purchasesand-net-revenue-for-artists-are-up-grossrevenue-for-labels-is-down.html. Soendermann, M. 2010. ‘Culture and Creative Industries in Germany 2009: Monitoring of Selected Economic Key Data on Culture and Creative Industries’. Research Report No. 589, published by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi). Available at http://www. bmwi.de/Dateien/KuK/PDF/culture-andcreative-industries-in-germany-2009-monitor ing,property=pdf,bereich=bmwi,sprache=en ,rwb=true.pdf. Towse, R. 2010. ‘Creativity, Copyright and the Creative Industries Paradigm’. Kyklos 63(3): 461–78. UNCTAD/UNDP (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development/United Nations Development Programme). 2008. Creative Economy: Report 2008. New York: UN. Available at http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/ ditc20082cer_en.pdf. ———. 2010. Creative Economy: Report 2010. New York: UN. Available at http://www.unctad.org/ en/docs/ditctab20103_en.pdf. Waldfogel. J. 2011. ‘Is the Sky Falling? The Quality of New Recorded Music Since Napster’. VoxEU, November 14. Available at http://www.voxeu. org/index. php?q=node/7274. Wauters, R. 2011. ‘Total Mobile eBook Sales Forecast to Reach $10B by 2016; Now Close To 1 Million Books In Kindle Store’. techcrunch. com. Available at http://techcrunch. com/2011/12/01/total-mobile-ebook-salesforecast-to-reach-10b-by-2016-now-close-to- 1-million-books-in-kindle-store/. Wunsch-Vincent, S. 2011. ‘Accounting for Creativity in Innovation: Measuring Ambitions and Related Challenges’. In The Global Innovation Index 2011, 107–13. Fountainebleau, France: INSEAD. Wunsch-Vincent, S. and G. Vickery. 2007. Participative Web: User-Created Content. Paris: OECD, Working Party on the Information Economy. Available at http://www.oecd. org/ dataoecd/57/14/38393115.pdf. 169 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 11: We Are All Content Creators Now
Page 1:
The Global Innovation Index 2012 St
Page 4 and 5:
The Global Innovation Index 2012: S
Page 6 and 7:
iv THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
Page 8 and 9:
vi THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
Page 11:
Foreword The Coherence Premium in I
Page 15:
cONTrIBuTOrS Contributors to the Re
Page 19 and 20:
Rankings
Page 21:
Global Innovation Index rankings (c
Page 25 and 26:
cHApTEr 1 The Global Innovation Ind
Page 27 and 28:
The GII helps to create an environm
Page 29 and 30:
4. The Innovation Efficiency Index
Page 31 and 32:
Table 1: Global Innovation Index ra
Page 33 and 34:
Table 2: Innovation Input Sub-Index
Page 35 and 36:
Table 3: Innovation Output Sub-Inde
Page 37 and 38:
Box 1: A spotlight on the United St
Page 39 and 40:
Figure 2: Innovation Output Sub-Ind
Page 41 and 42:
Malta is ranked 16th in the GII 201
Page 43 and 44:
Figure 3: Global Innovation Index v
Page 45 and 46:
Table 5a: Innovation Efficiency Ind
Page 47 and 48:
Figure 4: GII scores v. GDP per cap
Page 49 and 50:
Table 5c: Innovation Efficiency Ind
Page 51 and 52:
Figure 5: Average scores for select
Page 53 and 54:
performances on key indicators and
Page 55 and 56:
pillars, however, place it among th
Page 57 and 58:
eflect the situation of the countri
Page 59 and 60:
PPP$ 3,354.8 Viet Nam has a very go
Page 61 and 62:
6. Northern America continues to be
Page 63:
Freeman, C., and L. Soete. 2007.
Page 66 and 67:
44 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 111 and 112:
cHApTEr 3 Academia-Industry Innovat
Page 113 and 114:
Intel, Microsoft, Motorola, Nokia,
Page 115 and 116:
Figure 2: Intermediary university-i
Page 117:
the best combinations of foreign te
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 131 and 132:
cHApTEr 5 The Role of Coherent Link
Page 133 and 134:
Figure 1: Innovation policy framewo
Page 135 and 136:
which is good. However, the role of
Page 137 and 138:
Box 1: Strengthening the innovation
Page 139 and 140: Figure 4: Conceptual framework for
Page 141 and 142: Box 2: Saudi Arabia: Linking innova
Page 143 and 144: cHApTEr 6 The Russian Federation: A
Page 145 and 146: Figure 2: Expenditure on technologi
Page 147 and 148: in pharmaceuticals, computers, tele
Page 149 and 150: financial sustainability, and the v
Page 151 and 152: ex-territorial innovation centre wi
Page 153 and 154: cHApTEr 7 Shaping the National Inno
Page 155 and 156: Table 1: Idea-to-market curve 1. po
Page 157 and 158: is around 8%—very low, even compa
Page 159 and 160: culture, environment, and economy.1
Page 161: 13 See the Department of Biotechnol
Page 165 and 166: cHApTEr 8 An Integrated Policy Appr
Page 167 and 168: institutions in developing countrie
Page 169 and 170: egan to publish monographs on STI p
Page 171 and 172: cHApTEr 9 Broadband, Inevitable Inn
Page 173 and 174: Figure 1: Global ICT developments,
Page 175 and 176: Figure 3: Global fixed and mobile b
Page 177 and 178: Figure 4: Evolution of ICT-innovati
Page 179 and 180: cHApTEr 10 The Internet: An Unprece
Page 181 and 182: egularly update their pages and sha
Page 183 and 184: Google’s anti-SOPA page, resultin
Page 185 and 186: cHApTEr 11 We Are All Content Creat
Page 187 and 188: Table 1: Models of creative industr
Page 189: than any single major recording lab
Page 195: Country/Economy Profiles I
Page 198 and 199: 176 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 201
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 343 and 344:
THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 II
Page 345 and 346:
Index of Data Tables 1 Institutions
Page 347 and 348:
1.1.1 Political stability and absen
Page 349 and 350:
1.1.3 Press freedom Press freedom i
Page 351 and 352:
1.2.2 Rule of law Rule of law index
Page 353 and 354:
1.3.1 Ease of starting a business E
Page 355 and 356:
1.3.3 Ease of paying taxes Ease of
Page 357 and 358:
2.1.2 Public expenditure on educati
Page 359 and 360:
2.1.4 Assessment in reading, mathem
Page 361 and 362:
2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment School enr
Page 363 and 364:
2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility Ter
Page 365 and 366:
2.3.1 Researchers Researchers, head
Page 367 and 368:
2.3.3 Quality of scientific researc
Page 369 and 370:
3.1.2 ICT use ICT use index* | 2010
Page 371 and 372:
3.1.4 Online e-participation E-part
Page 373 and 374:
3.2.2 Electricity consumption Elect
Page 375 and 376:
3.2.4 Gross capital formation Gross
Page 377 and 378:
3.3.2 Environmental performance Env
Page 379 and 380:
4.1.1 Ease of getting credit Ease o
Page 381 and 382:
4.1.3 Microfinance institutions’
Page 383 and 384:
4.2.2 Market capitalization Market
Page 385 and 386:
4.2.4 Venture capital deals Venture
Page 387 and 388:
4.3.2 Market access for non-agricul
Page 389 and 390:
4.3.4 Exports of goods and services
Page 391 and 392:
5.1.1 Employment in knowledge-inten
Page 393 and 394:
5.1.3 GERD performed by business en
Page 395 and 396:
5.1.5 GMAT mean score Weighted mean
Page 397 and 398:
5.2.1 University/industry research
Page 399 and 400:
5.2.3 GERD financed by abroad GERD:
Page 401 and 402:
5.2.5 Share of patents with foreign
Page 403 and 404:
5.3.2 High-tech imports High-tech n
Page 405 and 406:
5.3.4 Foreign direct investment net
Page 407 and 408:
6.1.2 Patent Cooperation Treaty app
Page 409 and 410:
6.1.4 Scientific and technical jour
Page 411 and 412:
6.2.2 New business density New busi
Page 413 and 414:
6.2.4 ISO 9001 quality certificates
Page 415 and 416:
6.3.2 High-tech exports High-tech n
Page 417 and 418:
6.3.4 Foreign direct investment net
Page 419 and 420:
7.1.2 Madrid Agreement trademark re
Page 421 and 422:
7.1.4 ICT and organizational models
Page 423 and 424:
7.2.2 National feature films produc
Page 425 and 426:
7.2.4 Creative goods exports Creati
Page 427 and 428:
7.3.1 Generic top-level domains (gT
Page 429 and 430:
7.3.3 Wikipedia monthly edits Wikip
Page 431:
Sources and Definitions III
Page 434 and 435:
412 1 Institutions THE GLOBAL INNOV
Page 436 and 437:
414 2 Human capital and research TH
Page 438 and 439:
416 3 Infrastructure (continued) TH
Page 440 and 441:
418 4 Market sophistication THE GLO
Page 442 and 443:
420 5 Business sophistication (cont
Page 444 and 445:
422 6 Knowledge and technology outp
Page 446 and 447:
424 7 Creative outputs (continued)
Page 449:
Technical Notes IV
Page 452 and 453:
Page 455:
About the Authors V
Page 458 and 459:
Page 460 and 461:
Page 462:
show all

The Global Innovation Index 2012

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?