The Global Innovation Index 2012

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The Global Innovation Index 2012: Stronger Innovation Linkages for Global Growth is the result of a collaboration between INSEAD and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) as co-publishers, and their Knowledge Partners. The terms ‘country’, ‘economy’, and ‘nation’ as used in this report do not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice. The terms cover well-defined, geographically selfcontained economic areas that may not be states but for which statistical data are maintained on a separate and independent basis. Disclaimer: The index’s methodology and the rankings do not necessarily present the views of WIPO or its Member States. The same applies to the substantive chapters in this report, which are the responsibility of the authors and not WIPO. © INSEAD and WIPO 2012. All rights reserved. No part of this publication can be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise without the prior permission of INSEAD. ISBN: 978-2-9522210-2-3 Printed and bound in France by INSEAD, Fontainebleau.
Table of Contents Preface: Stronger Innovation Linkages v for Global Growth By Soumitra Dutta, Roland Berger Professor of Business and Technology, Academic Director, INSEAD eLab, INSEAD and Francis Gurry, Director General, World Intellectual Property Organization Foreword: Embracing New Types of Partnerships vii to Drive Open Innovation By Ben Verwaayen, Chief Executive Officer, Alcatel-Lucent Foreword: The Coherence Premium in Innovation ix By Cesare R. Mainardi, Chief Executive Officer, Booz & Company Foreword: Why Innovation Linkages? xi Perspectives from an Emerging Economy By Chandrajit Banerjee, Director General, Confederation of Indian Industry Contributors to the Report xiii Advisory Board to the Global Innovation Index xv Rankings Global Innovation Index 2012 Rankings xviii Chapters Chapter 1: The Global Innovation Index 2012: 3 Stronger Innovation Linkages for Global Growth By Soumitra Dutta and Daniela Benavente, INSEAD; and Sacha Wunsch- Vincent, World Intellectual Property Organization Annex 1: The Global Innovation Index Conceptual...............................43 Framework Annex 2: Adjustments to the Global Innovation Index .....................67 Framework and Year-on-Year Comparability of Results Annex 3: Statistical tests on the Global Innovation Index ................71 By Michaela Saisana and Dionisis Th. Philippas, European Commission Joint Research Centre (Ispra, Italy) Chapter 2: The Role of Public-Private Partnerships in 81 Driving Innovation By Louis Witters, Revital Marom, and Kurt Steinert, Alcatel-Lucent Chapter 3: Academia-Industry Innovation Linkages in 89 the Case of Saudi Arabia: Developing a University-Industry Triple-Helix Framework to Promote Research and Development Collaboration By Khaled S. Al-Sultan and Dr. Iyad Alzaharnah, King Fahad University for Petroleum & Minerals of Saudi Arabia Chapter 4: Accounting for Science-Industry 97 Collaboration in Innovation: Existing Metrics and Related Challenges By Sacha Wunsch-Vincent, World Intellectual Property Organization Chapter 5: The Role of Coherent Linkages in Fostering 109 Innovation-Based Economies in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries By Barry Jaruzelski, Chadi N. Moujaes, Rasheed Eltayeb, Hadi Raad, and Hatem A. Samman, Booz & Company Chapter 6: The Russian Federation: A New Innovation 121 Policy for Sustainable Growth By Leonid Gokhberg and Vitaly Roud, Higher School of Economics, Russian Federation Chapter 7: Shaping the National Innovation System: 131 The Indian Perspective By Yagnaswami Sundara Rajan, Indian Space Research Organization Annex: Acronyms ........................................................................................................141 Chapter 8: An Integrated Policy Approach in 143 Science, Technology, and Innovation for Sustainable Development: A UNESCO Idea in Action By Irina Bokova, UNESCO Chapter 9: Broadband, Inevitable Innovation, 149 and Development By Robert Shaw, ITU, and Bruno Lanvin, INSEAD eLab and Broadband Commission Chapter 10: The Internet: An Unprecedented and 157 Unparalleled Platform for Innovation and Change By Lynn St. Amour, Internet Society Chapter 11: We Are All Content Creators Now: 163 Measuring Creativity and Innovation in the Digital Economy By Derek Slater and Patricia Wruuck, Google iii THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 Contents
Page 1: The Global Innovation Index 2012 St
Page 6 and 7: iv THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
Page 8 and 9: vi THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
Page 11: Foreword The Coherence Premium in I
Page 15: cONTrIBuTOrS Contributors to the Re
Page 19 and 20: Rankings
Page 21: Global Innovation Index rankings (c
Page 25 and 26: cHApTEr 1 The Global Innovation Ind
Page 27 and 28: The GII helps to create an environm
Page 29 and 30: 4. The Innovation Efficiency Index
Page 31 and 32: Table 1: Global Innovation Index ra
Page 33 and 34: Table 2: Innovation Input Sub-Index
Page 35 and 36: Table 3: Innovation Output Sub-Inde
Page 37 and 38: Box 1: A spotlight on the United St
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2: Innovation Output Sub-Ind
Page 41 and 42: Malta is ranked 16th in the GII 201
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3: Global Innovation Index v
Page 45 and 46: Table 5a: Innovation Efficiency Ind
Page 47 and 48: Figure 4: GII scores v. GDP per cap
Page 49 and 50: Table 5c: Innovation Efficiency Ind
Page 51 and 52: Figure 5: Average scores for select
Page 53 and 54: performances on key indicators and
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pillars, however, place it among th
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eflect the situation of the countri
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PPP$ 3,354.8 Viet Nam has a very go
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6. Northern America continues to be
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Freeman, C., and L. Soete. 2007.
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44 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
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cHApTEr 3 Academia-Industry Innovat
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Intel, Microsoft, Motorola, Nokia,
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Figure 2: Intermediary university-i
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the best combinations of foreign te
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cHApTEr 5 The Role of Coherent Link
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Figure 1: Innovation policy framewo
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which is good. However, the role of
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Box 1: Strengthening the innovation
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Figure 4: Conceptual framework for
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Box 2: Saudi Arabia: Linking innova
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cHApTEr 6 The Russian Federation: A
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Figure 2: Expenditure on technologi
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in pharmaceuticals, computers, tele
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financial sustainability, and the v
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ex-territorial innovation centre wi
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cHApTEr 7 Shaping the National Inno
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Table 1: Idea-to-market curve 1. po
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is around 8%—very low, even compa
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culture, environment, and economy.1
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13 See the Department of Biotechnol
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cHApTEr 8 An Integrated Policy Appr
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institutions in developing countrie
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egan to publish monographs on STI p
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cHApTEr 9 Broadband, Inevitable Inn
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Figure 1: Global ICT developments,
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Figure 3: Global fixed and mobile b
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Figure 4: Evolution of ICT-innovati
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cHApTEr 10 The Internet: An Unprece
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egularly update their pages and sha
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Google’s anti-SOPA page, resultin
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cHApTEr 11 We Are All Content Creat
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Table 1: Models of creative industr
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than any single major recording lab
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Pélissié du Rausas, M., J. Manyik
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Country/Economy Profiles I
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THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 II
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Index of Data Tables 1 Institutions
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1.1.1 Political stability and absen
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1.1.3 Press freedom Press freedom i
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1.2.2 Rule of law Rule of law index
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1.3.1 Ease of starting a business E
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1.3.3 Ease of paying taxes Ease of
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2.1.2 Public expenditure on educati
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2.1.4 Assessment in reading, mathem
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2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment School enr
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2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility Ter
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2.3.1 Researchers Researchers, head
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2.3.3 Quality of scientific researc
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3.1.2 ICT use ICT use index* | 2010
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3.1.4 Online e-participation E-part
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3.2.2 Electricity consumption Elect
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3.2.4 Gross capital formation Gross
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3.3.2 Environmental performance Env
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4.1.1 Ease of getting credit Ease o
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4.1.3 Microfinance institutions’
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4.2.2 Market capitalization Market
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4.2.4 Venture capital deals Venture
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4.3.2 Market access for non-agricul
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4.3.4 Exports of goods and services
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5.1.1 Employment in knowledge-inten
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5.1.3 GERD performed by business en
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5.1.5 GMAT mean score Weighted mean
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5.2.1 University/industry research
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5.2.3 GERD financed by abroad GERD:
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5.2.5 Share of patents with foreign
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5.3.2 High-tech imports High-tech n
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5.3.4 Foreign direct investment net
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6.1.2 Patent Cooperation Treaty app
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6.1.4 Scientific and technical jour
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6.2.2 New business density New busi
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6.2.4 ISO 9001 quality certificates
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6.3.2 High-tech exports High-tech n
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6.3.4 Foreign direct investment net
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7.1.2 Madrid Agreement trademark re
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7.1.4 ICT and organizational models
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7.2.2 National feature films produc
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7.2.4 Creative goods exports Creati
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7.3.1 Generic top-level domains (gT
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7.3.3 Wikipedia monthly edits Wikip
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Sources and Definitions III
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412 1 Institutions THE GLOBAL INNOV
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414 2 Human capital and research TH
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416 3 Infrastructure (continued) TH
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418 4 Market sophistication THE GLO
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420 5 Business sophistication (cont
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422 6 Knowledge and technology outp
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424 7 Creative outputs (continued)
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Technical Notes IV
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About the Authors V
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