The Global Innovation Index 2012

242
THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 I: Country/Economy Profiles
Kazakhstan
Key indicators
population (millions) .................................................................................. 16.5
GDp per capita, ppp$ ........................................................................... 13,060.0
GDp (uS$ billions) ..................................................................................... 180.1
Score (0–100)
or value (hard data) rank
Global Innovation Index 2012 (out of 141)......................... 31.9 83
Innovation Output Sub-Index ........................................................................................... 22.4 105
Innovation Input Sub-Index .............................................................................................. 41.4 67
Innovation Efficiency Index ................................................................................................. 0.5 131
Global Innovation Index 2011 (out of 125) .............................................................................. 84
GII 2012 rank among GII 2011 economies (125) ...................................................................... 79
1 Institutions ....................................................64.5 52
1.1 Political environment ............................................................50.3 83
1.1.1 Political stability*....................................................................................76.5 46
1.1.2 Government effectiveness* ............................................................33.7 84
1.1.3 Press freedom* ........................................................................................40.9 124
1.2 Regulatory environment .......................................................68.0 65
1.2.1 Regulatory quality* ..............................................................................43.5 93
1.2.2 Rule of law* ...............................................................................................31.3 102
1.2.3 Cost of redundancy dismissal, salary weeks ...........................8.7 23 l
1.3 Business environment ...........................................................75.0 23 l
1.3.1 Ease of starting a business* ............................................................71.9 40
1.3.2 Ease of resolving insolvency* ........................................................69.0 44
1.3.3 Ease of paying taxes* ..........................................................................84.1 23 l
2 Human capital & research ..........................31.2 85
2.1 Education ..................................................................................51.6 69
2.1.1 Current expenditure on education, % GNI ..............................4.4 57
2.1.2 Public expenditure/pupil, % GDP/cap .....................................11.6 101
2.1.3 School life expectancy, years .........................................................15.3 29 l
2.1.4 PISA scales in reading, maths, & science .............................398.6 59
2.1.5 Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary .........................................................8.9 15 l
2.2 Tertiary education ..................................................................29.5 78
2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment, % gross ............................................................40.8 56
2.2.2 Graduates in science & engineering, % ....................................n/a n/a
2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility, % .............................................................1.6 59
2.2.4 Gross tertiary outbound enrolment, % ......................................2.3 41
2.3 Research & development (R&D) ..........................................12.5 118
2.3.1 Researchers, headcounts/mn pop. .........................................637.3 68
2.3.2 Gross expenditure on R&D, % GDP ...............................................0.2 79
2.3.3 Quality of scientific research institutions† ............................28.0 116
3 Infrastructure................................................37.3 58
3.1 Information & communication technologies (ICT) ........58.4 27 l
3.1.1 ICT access* .................................................................................................46.1 63
3.1.2 ICT use* .......................................................................................................14.4 79
3.1.3 Government’s online service* .......................................................78.4 21 l
3.1.4 E-participation*.......................................................................................94.7 3 l
3.2 General infrastructure ...........................................................38.7 58
3.2.1 Electricity output, kWh/cap ..................................................... 4,859.2 47
3.2.2 Electricity consumption, kWh/cap ...................................... 4,505.6 43
3.2.3 Quality of trade & transport infrastructure* .........................41.5 55
3.2.4 Gross capital formation, % GDP ...................................................25.1 41
3.3 Ecological sustainability .......................................................14.9 123
3.3.1 GDP/unit of energy use, 2000 PPP$/kg oil eq .......................2.0 115
3.3.2 Environmental performance*........................................................32.9 121
3.3.3 ISO 14001 environmental certificates/bn PPP$ GDP ........0.6 71
4 Market sophistication .................................34.0 92
4.1 Credit .........................................................................................17.2 102
4.1.1 Ease of getting credit* .......................................................................38.7 72
4.1.2 Domestic credit to private sector, % GDP .............................39.3 82
4.1.3 Microfinance gross loans, % GDP ..................................................0.1 69
4.2 Investment ................................................................................20.8 82
4.2.1 Ease of protecting investors* .........................................................66.9 35
4.2.2 Market capitalization, % GDP.........................................................42.5 50
4.2.3 Total value of stocks traded, % GDP .............................................1.6 66
4.2.4 Venture capital deals/tr PPP$ GDP ................................................0.0 65
4.3 Trade & competition ..............................................................63.9 67
4.3.1 Applied tariff rate, weighted mean, % ........................................3.4 56
4.3.2 Non-agricultural mkt access weighted tariff, % ....................0.3 40
4.3.3 Imports of goods & services, % GDP ........................................29.2 108
4.3.4 Exports of goods & services, % GDP .........................................44.0 54
4.3.5 Intensity of local competition† ....................................................50.9 113
5 Business sophistication ..............................40.2 62
5.1 Knowledge workers ................................................................45.0 69
5.1.1 Knowledge-intensive employment, % ....................................28.3 46
5.1.2 Firms offering formal training, % firms ....................................40.9 43
5.1.3 R&D performed by business, % ....................................................32.7 51
5.1.4 R&D financed by business, % ........................................................13.5 70
5.1.5 GMAT mean score ..............................................................................476.8 88
5.1.6 GMAT test takers/mn pop. 20–34 ...............................................73.2 59
5.2 Innovation linkages ...............................................................33.4 82
5.2.1 University/industry research collaboration† ........................32.3 113
5.2.2 State of cluster development† .....................................................41.5 67
5.2.3 R&D financed by abroad, % ...............................................................1.0 83
5.2.4 JV–strategic alliance deals/tr PPP$ GDP .................................26.6 54
5.2.5 PCT patent filings with foreign inventor, % .......................100.0 1 l
5.3 Knowledge absorption ..........................................................42.3 39
5.3.1 Royalty & license fees payments/th GDP ..................................0.6 85
5.3.2 High-tech imports less re-imports, % .........................................8.2 68
5.3.3 Computer & comm. service imports, % ..................................63.4 6 l
5.3.4 FDI net inflows, % GDP .........................................................................6.7 29 l
6 Knowledge & technology outputs ...........23.8 85
6.1 Knowledge creation ...............................................................13.1 103
6.1.1 Domestic resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP ...........................0.1 105
6.1.2 PCT resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP ........................................0.1 74
6.1.3 Domestic res utility model ap/bn PPP$ GDP .........................0.5 37
6.1.4 Scientific & technical articles/bn PPP$ GDP ............................0.5 130
6.2 Knowledge impact .................................................................37.1 54
6.2.1 Growth rate of PPP$ GDP/worker, % ...........................................4.1 30
6.2.2 New businesses/th pop. 15–64 .......................................................2.6 38
6.2.3 Computer software spending, % GDP .......................................n/a n/a
6.2.4 ISO 9001 quality certificates/bn PPP$ GDP .............................3.4 77
6.3 Knowledge diffusion ..............................................................21.3 97
6.3.1 Royalty & license fees receipts/th GDP.......................................0.0 104
6.3.2 High-tech exports less re-exports, %...........................................4.2 46
6.3.3 Computer & comm. service exports, % ..................................13.7 108
6.3.4 FDI net outflows, % GDP .....................................................................5.2 11 l
7 Creative outputs ..........................................21.0 119
7.1 Creative intangibles ...............................................................29.2 114
7.1.1 Domestic res trademark reg/bn PPP$ GDP ..........................31.0 47
7.1.2 Madrid resident trademark reg/bn PPP$ GDP .......................0.2 46
7.1.3 ICT & business model creation† ..................................................47.1 83
7.1.4 ICT & organizational model creation† .....................................51.3 57
7.2 Creative goods & services ....................................................... 8.4 109
7.2.1 Recreation & culture consumption, % ........................................2.4 76
7.2.2 National feature films/mn pop. 15–69........................................1.1 66
7.2.3 Paid-for dailies, circulation/th pop. 15–69 .............................28.5 99
7.2.4 Creative goods exports, % ..................................................................0.0 125
7.2.5 Creative services exports, % ..............................................................3.5 48
7.3 Online creativity ......................................................................17.3 85
7.3.1 Generic top-level domains (TLDs)/th pop. 15–69 ...............1.2 93
7.3.2 Country-code TLDs/th pop. 15–69 ............................................21.7 70
7.3.3 Wikipedia monthly edits/mn pop. 15–69 ....................... 1,060.6 58
7.3.4 Video uploads on YouTube/pop. 15–69 .................................40.8 96