The Global Innovation Index 2012

Key indicators
population (millions) .................................................................................. 28.5
GDp per capita, ppp$ ............................................................................. 1,328.1
GDp (uS$ billions) ....................................................................................... 18.3
Score (0–100)
or value (hard data) rank
Global Innovation Index 2012 (out of 141)......................... 26.0 113
Innovation Output Sub-Index ........................................................................................... 24.0 95
Innovation Input Sub-Index .............................................................................................. 28.0 127
Innovation Efficiency Index ................................................................................................. 0.9 23 l
Global Innovation Index 2011 (out of 125) .............................................................................. n/a
GII 2012 rank among GII 2011 economies (125) ...................................................................... n/a
1 Institutions ....................................................41.3 110
1.1 Political environment ............................................................37.5 123
1.1.1 Political stability*....................................................................................24.6 136
1.1.2 Government effectiveness* ............................................................20.8 117
1.1.3 Press freedom* ........................................................................................67.1 83
1.2 Regulatory environment .......................................................44.4 127
1.2.1 Regulatory quality* ..............................................................................32.9 122
1.2.2 Rule of law* ...............................................................................................20.7 124
1.2.3 Cost of redundancy dismissal, salary weeks ........................27.2 115
1.3 Business environment ...........................................................41.9 91
1.3.1 Ease of starting a business* ............................................................46.0 76
1.3.2 Ease of resolving insolvency* ........................................................28.0 101
1.3.3 Ease of paying taxes* ..........................................................................51.7 68
2 Human capital & research ..........................20.4 124
2.1 Education ..................................................................................24.6 132
2.1.1 Current expenditure on education, % GNI ..............................4.2 67 l
2.1.2 Public expenditure/pupil, % GDP/cap .....................................13.0 95
2.1.3 School life expectancy, years ............................................................8.9 124
2.1.4 PISA scales in reading, maths, & science ..................................n/a n/a
2.1.5 Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary ......................................................36.9 129
2.2 Tertiary education ..................................................................26.9 85
2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment, % gross ...............................................................5.6 119
2.2.2 Graduates in science & engineering, % ..................................23.2 37 l
2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility, % .............................................................0.0 90
2.2.4 Gross tertiary outbound enrolment, % ......................................2.8 30 l
2.3 Research & development (R&D) ............................................ 9.6 127
2.3.1 Researchers, headcounts/mn pop. .........................................117.4 98
2.3.2 Gross expenditure on R&D, % GDP ..............................................n/a n/a
2.3.3 Quality of scientific research institutions† ............................18.4 129
3 Infrastructure................................................23.8 110
3.1 Information & communication technologies (ICT) ........12.8 128
3.1.1 ICT access* .................................................................................................17.5 129
3.1.2 ICT use* ..........................................................................................................2.5 125
3.1.3 Government’s online service* .......................................................28.8 122
3.1.4 E-participation*..........................................................................................2.6 115
3.2 General infrastructure ...........................................................30.9 97
3.2.1 Electricity output, kWh/cap .........................................................111.7 120
3.2.2 Electricity consumption, kWh/cap .............................................91.3 121
3.2.3 Quality of trade & transport infrastructure* .........................20.0 132
3.2.4 Gross capital formation, % GDP ...................................................34.7 10 l
3.3 Ecological sustainability .......................................................27.8 84
3.3.1 GDP/unit of energy use, 2000 PPP$/kg oil eq .......................4.5 81
3.3.2 Environmental performance*........................................................58.0 37 l
3.3.3 ISO 14001 environmental certificates/bn PPP$ GDP ........0.3 101
4 Market sophistication .................................29.9 111
4.1 Credit .........................................................................................26.5 82
4.1.1 Ease of getting credit* .......................................................................50.4 62
4.1.2 Domestic credit to private sector, % GDP .............................55.6 57 l
4.1.3 Microfinance gross loans, % GDP ..................................................1.0 37 l
Nepal
4.2 Investment ................................................................................14.5 101
4.2.1 Ease of protecting investors* .........................................................46.7 60
4.2.2 Market capitalization, % GDP.........................................................30.8 61
4.2.3 Total value of stocks traded, % GDP .............................................0.6 80
4.2.4 Venture capital deals/tr PPP$ GDP ................................................0.0 65
4.3 Trade & competition ..............................................................48.6 126
4.3.1 Applied tariff rate, weighted mean, % .....................................12.1 130
4.3.2 Non-agricultural mkt access weighted tariff, % ....................0.3 44 l
4.3.3 Imports of goods & services, % GDP ........................................37.1 81
4.3.4 Exports of goods & services, % GDP ............................................9.8 141
4.3.5 Intensity of local competition† ....................................................50.5 119
5 Business sophistication ..............................24.8 136
5.1 Knowledge workers ................................................................20.9 132
5.1.1 Knowledge-intensive employment, % .......................................4.8 101
5.1.2 Firms offering formal training, % firms .......................................8.8 104
5.1.3 R&D performed by business, % ......................................................n/a n/a
5.1.4 R&D financed by business, % ..........................................................n/a n/a
5.1.5 GMAT mean score ..............................................................................471.7 95
5.1.6 GMAT test takers/mn pop. 20–34 ...............................................68.0 66 l
5.2 Innovation linkages ...............................................................25.7 121
5.2.1 University/industry research collaboration† ........................26.4 123
5.2.2 State of cluster development† .....................................................36.5 91
5.2.3 R&D financed by abroad, % ..............................................................n/a n/a
5.2.4 JV–strategic alliance deals/tr PPP$ GDP ....................................4.4 105
5.2.5 PCT patent filings with foreign inventor, % ............................n/a n/a
5.3 Knowledge absorption ..........................................................27.8 106
5.3.1 Royalty & license fees payments/th GDP .................................n/a n/a
5.3.2 High-tech imports less re-imports, % .........................................7.8 74
5.3.3 Computer & comm. service imports, % ..................................11.6 119
5.3.4 FDI net inflows, % GDP .........................................................................0.3 126
6 Knowledge & technology outputs ...........13.8 135
6.1 Knowledge creation ................................................................. 5.3 120
6.1.1 Domestic resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP ..........................n/a n/a
6.1.2 PCT resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP .......................................n/a n/a
6.1.3 Domestic res utility model ap/bn PPP$ GDP ........................n/a n/a
6.1.4 Scientific & technical articles/bn PPP$ GDP ............................1.7 91
6.2 Knowledge impact .................................................................20.5 118
6.2.1 Growth rate of PPP$ GDP/worker, % ..........................................n/a n/a
6.2.2 New businesses/th pop. 15–64 ......................................................n/a n/a
6.2.3 Computer software spending, % GDP .......................................n/a n/a
6.2.4 ISO 9001 quality certificates/bn PPP$ GDP .............................1.5 102
6.3 Knowledge diffusion ..............................................................15.7 120
6.3.1 Royalty & license fees receipts/th GDP......................................n/a n/a
6.3.2 High-tech exports less re-exports, %...........................................0.5 87
6.3.3 Computer & comm. service exports, % ..................................24.6 75
6.3.4 FDI net outflows, % GDP ....................................................................n/a n/a
7 Creative outputs ..........................................34.2 61 l
7.1 Creative intangibles ...............................................................29.0 116
7.1.1 Domestic res trademark reg/bn PPP$ GDP ..........................20.7 63
7.1.2 Madrid resident trademark reg/bn PPP$ GDP ......................n/a n/a
7.1.3 ICT & business model creation† ..................................................40.8 112
7.1.4 ICT & organizational model creation† .....................................36.5 109
7.2 Creative goods & services .....................................................68.8 2 l
7.2.1 Recreation & culture consumption, % .......................................n/a n/a
7.2.2 National feature films/mn pop. 15–69.......................................n/a n/a
7.2.3 Paid-for dailies, circulation/th pop. 15–69 .............................39.1 89
7.2.4 Creative goods exports, % ...............................................................12.9 1 l
7.2.5 Creative services exports, % .............................................................n/a n/a
7.3 Online creativity ........................................................................ 9.9 110
7.3.1 Generic top-level domains (TLDs)/th pop. 15–69 ...............0.7 106
7.3.2 Country-code TLDs/th pop. 15–69 ............................................12.9 87
7.3.3 Wikipedia monthly edits/mn pop. 15–69 ...........................108.7 105
7.3.4 Video uploads on YouTube/pop. 15–69 .................................25.4 114
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THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 I: Country/Economy Profiles