The Global Innovation Index 2012

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76 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 1: Statistical Tests on the GII Table 2: GII 2012 and Input and Output Sub-Indices: Ranks and 90% confidence intervals GII 2012 Input Sub-Index Output Sub-Index country/Economy rank Interval rank Interval rank Interval Switzerland 1 [1, 1] 4 [3, 6] 1 [1, 1] Sweden 2 [2, 2] 3 [3, 5] 2 [2, 2] Singapore 3 [3, 5] 1 [1, 1] 11 [8, 14] finland 4 [3, 5] 6 [4, 10] 5 [3, 5] united Kingdom 5 [4, 6] 5 [3, 8] 6 [6, 9] Netherlands 6 [5, 8] 15 [12, 17] 3 [3, 4] Denmark 7 [5, 8] 8 [5, 8] 9 [7, 10] Hong Kong SAr, china 8 [5, 14] 2 [2, 2] 25 [12, 26] Ireland 9 [8, 13] 7 [3, 11] 14 [12, 19] united States 10 [9, 16] 9 [7, 12] 16 [15, 19] Luxembourg 11 [8, 12] 14 [11, 16] 10 [9, 11] canada 12 [12, 17] 10 [8, 10] 20 [16, 25] New Zealand 13 [12, 19] 12 [11, 17] 15 [12, 24] Norway 14 [10, 18] 11 [8, 15] 17 [14, 23] Germany 15 [9, 16] 23 [20, 23] 7 [5, 7] Malta 16 [11, 19] 27 [25, 32] 4 [4, 6] Israel 17 [12, 22] 17 [12, 22] 13 [12, 21] Iceland 18 [13, 20] 19 [15, 23] 12 [11, 16] Estonia 19 [12, 19] 24 [24, 25] 8 [8, 9] Belgium 20 [19, 22] 20 [17, 22] 18 [17, 23] Korea, rep. 21 [17, 22] 16 [12, 18] 24 [18, 26] Austria 22 [20, 22] 21 [20, 23] 21 [15, 23] Australia 23 [23, 26] 13 [12, 15] 31 [29, 32] france 24 [23, 25] 22 [21, 23] 26 [25, 26] Japan 25 [23, 27] 18 [16, 19] 28 [27, 31] Slovenia 26 [25, 27] 32 [28, 32] 22 [16, 24] czech republic 27 [24, 27] 31 [28, 32] 23 [18, 24] cyprus 28 [28, 32] 25 [25, 29] 32 [31, 37] Spain 29 [28, 31] 26 [25, 29] 35 [32, 35] Latvia 30 [28, 32] 36 [32, 38] 27 [27, 29] Hungary 31 [28, 32] 37 [32, 37] 29 [27, 29] Malaysia 32 [31, 35] 29 [25, 32] 38 [36, 42] Qatar 33 [32, 42] 30 [27, 39] 41 [38, 46] china 34 [28, 37] 55 [43, 65] 19 [14, 24] portugal 35 [32, 35] 33 [30, 36] 33 [32, 35] Italy 36 [34, 37] 34 [33, 37] 39 [35, 41] united Arab Emirates 37 [35, 43] 28 [25, 32] 51 [47, 68] Lithuania 38 [35, 38] 38 [36, 39] 37 [36, 38] chile 39 [38, 45] 43 [40, 46] 34 [32, 45] Slovakia 40 [37, 41] 40 [39, 43] 43 [40, 45] Bahrain 41 [40, 50] 35 [33, 37] 60 [59, 69] croatia 42 [41, 45] 44 [41, 46] 45 [42, 46] Bulgaria 43 [39, 44] 47 [44, 48] 42 [38, 43] poland 44 [42, 46] 41 [40, 43] 50 [44, 50] Montenegro 45 [39, 47] 48 [43, 51] 44 [38, 48] Serbia 46 [41, 48] 65 [54, 67] 36 [33, 36] Oman 47 [46, 71] 42 [40, 53] 55 [54, 80] Saudi Arabia 48 [47, 67] 39 [38, 42] 70 [64, 86] Mauritius 49 [46, 54] 49 [44, 63] 48 [48, 59] Moldova 50 [43, 50] 79 [74, 84] 30 [29, 31] russian federation 51 [47, 54] 60 [50, 65] 49 [43, 52] romania 52 [48, 54] 51 [48, 54] 57 [49, 58] Brunei Darussalam 53 [51, 63] 46 [45, 52] 69 [66, 71] South Africa 54 [49, 64] 45 [36, 52] 73 [71, 75] Kuwait 55 [51, 68] 61 [55, 65] 54 [51, 67] Jordan 56 [52, 63] 72 [66, 80] 46 [44, 53] Thailand 57 [51, 61] 59 [50, 67] 56 [54, 60] Brazil 58 [51, 61] 69 [61, 73] 52 [49, 52] Tunisia 59 [57, 74] 64 [54, 68] 58 [56, 78] costa rica 60 [54, 63] 71 [64, 76] 53 [50, 54] Lebanon 61 [56, 68] 62 [53, 69] 63 [58, 66] Macedonia, fyr 62 [56, 65] 52 [50, 60] 71 [66, 71] ukraine 63 [50, 65] 78 [68, 84] 47 [44, 50] India 64 [57, 77] 96 [87, 102] 40 [39, 56] colombia 65 [62, 70] 58 [52, 64] 72 [69, 75] Greece 66 [58, 71] 50 [47, 58] 82 [70, 82] uruguay 67 [56, 69] 68 [64, 71] 67 [57, 69] Mongolia 68 [50, 73] 53 [50, 61] 79 [54, 80] Armenia 69 [67, 74] 73 [71, 81] 68 [63, 70] Argentina 70 [60, 74] 76 [67, 80] 66 [59, 67] Georgia 71 [67, 77] 63 [56, 73] 81 [75, 82]
Table 2: GII 2012 and Input and Output Sub-Indices: Ranks and 90% confidence intervals (cont’d.) GII 2012 Input Sub-Index Output Sub-Index country/Economy rank Interval rank Interval rank Interval Bosnia and Herzegovina 72 [70, 79] 66 [56, 79] 80 [72, 80] Namibia 73 [71, 86] 56 [54, 73] 87 [82, 97] Turkey 74 [64, 75] 81 [75, 83] 61 [57, 63] peru 75 [70, 83] 57 [51, 71] 88 [85, 99] vietnam 76 [67, 81] 83 [75, 90] 59 [58, 65] Guyana 77 [58, 79] 86 [74, 94] 64 [48, 65] Belarus 78 [60, 81] 80 [69, 85] 75 [57, 79] Mexico 79 [77, 81] 70 [65, 73] 86 [81, 86] Belize 80 [74, 81] 87 [80, 91] 74 [62, 74] Trinidad and Tobago 81 [79, 87] 74 [70, 79] 84 [83, 99] Swaziland 82 [79, 96] 99 [94, 110] 65 [60, 83] Kazakhstan 83 [78, 86] 67 [55, 67] 105 [92, 107] paraguay 84 [79, 87] 103 [95, 105] 62 [58, 76] Botswana 85 [79, 94] 54 [52, 67] 121 [101, 122] Dominican republic 86 [84, 97] 93 [88, 101] 77 [75, 91] panama 87 [74, 119] 75 [71, 83] 100 [71, 136] Morocco 88 [81, 89] 88 [81, 90] 90 [81, 92] Azerbaijan 89 [86, 92] 85 [81, 90] 94 [92, 96] Albania 90 [86, 95] 82 [75, 93] 98 [89, 101] Jamaica 91 [87, 101] 77 [74, 89] 107 [101, 121] Ghana 92 [89, 109] 91 [90, 95] 93 [92, 126] El Salvador 93 [91, 96] 94 [90, 97] 91 [91, 97] Sri Lanka 94 [87, 102] 115 [106, 118] 76 [74, 86] philippines 95 [88, 100] 106 [99, 113] 83 [79, 88] Kenya 96 [88, 99] 89 [80, 91] 114 [99, 114] Senegal 97 [93, 106] 114 [103, 119] 78 [77, 101] Ecuador 98 [88, 100] 109 [104, 116] 85 [75, 91] Guatemala 99 [97, 109] 98 [93, 101] 101 [99, 122] Indonesia 100 [93, 112] 113 [102, 122] 89 [88, 105] fiji 101 [85, 109] 84 [78, 94] 124 [84, 127] rwanda 102 [98, 131] 95 [92, 108] 113 [105, 135] Egypt 103 [91, 103] 104 [94, 105] 99 [88, 102] Iran 104 [99, 111] 97 [89, 115] 117 [103, 120] Nicaragua 105 [103, 114] 102 [97, 112] 119 [114, 119] Gabon 106 [102, 119] 112 [107, 123] 106 [88, 121] Zambia 107 [102, 120] 122 [107, 129] 96 [93, 120] Tajikistan 108 [102, 114] 111 [106, 123] 109 [93, 112] Kyrgyzstan 109 [99, 118] 90 [82, 96] 131 [127, 132] Mozambique 110 [105, 115] 107 [103, 118] 115 [109, 116] Honduras 111 [102, 112] 105 [101, 111] 116 [109, 117] Bangladesh 112 [102, 125] 118 [114, 133] 104 [98, 115] Nepal 113 [108, 122] 127 [121, 130] 95 [91, 111] Bolivia 114 [97, 118] 108 [92, 112] 120 [105, 121] Zimbabwe 115 [104, 131] 130 [121, 141] 92 [84, 95] Lesotho 116 [97, 122] 92 [89, 101] 133 [107, 133] uganda 117 [112, 122] 121 [106, 126] 112 [108, 125] venezuela 118 [106, 125] 126 [110, 135] 103 [101, 114] Mali 119 [110, 127] 131 [118, 135] 97 [94, 121] Malawi 120 [114, 125] 110 [104, 118] 122 [117, 129] cameroon 121 [111, 136] 125 [119, 130] 111 [104, 135] Burkina faso 122 [119, 130] 120 [108, 127] 123 [118, 133] Nigeria 123 [119, 135] 134 [120, 138] 102 [100, 135] Algeria 124 [117, 131] 101 [95, 106] 134 [133, 137] Benin 125 [118, 136] 132 [128, 140] 108 [101, 123] Madagascar 126 [112, 128] 116 [109, 119] 126 [116, 129] uzbekistan 127 [118, 136] 100 [92, 127] 137 [119, 138] Tanzania 128 [124, 133] 117 [110, 124] 129 [124, 137] cambodia 129 [126, 133] 119 [113, 125] 132 [130, 132] Gambia, The 130 [121, 132] 128 [122, 133] 125 [111, 125] Ethiopia 131 [129, 136] 124 [121, 129] 128 [126, 135] Syria 132 [124, 133] 123 [117, 126] 130 [126, 130] pakistan 133 [115, 134] 140 [134, 141] 110 [90, 110] côte d'Ivoire 134 [124, 136] 139 [131, 139] 118 [111, 126] Angola 135 [132, 141] 133 [128, 139] 127 [123, 141] Togo 136 [112, 138] v135 [128, 139] 136 [99, 136] Burundi 137 [135, 139] 137 [131, 140] 135 [132, 139] Lao pDr 138 [125, 139] 129 [124, 139] 139 [113, 139] yemen 139 [137, 140] 138 [129, 139] 138 [137, 139] Niger 140 [137, 140] 136 [132, 139] 140 [131, 140] Sudan 141 [140, 141] 141 [139, 141] 141 [140, 141] 77 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 1: Statistical Tests on the GII
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The Global Innovation Index 2012 St
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The Global Innovation Index 2012: S
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iv THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
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vi THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
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Foreword The Coherence Premium in I
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cONTrIBuTOrS Contributors to the Re
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Rankings
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Global Innovation Index rankings (c
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cHApTEr 1 The Global Innovation Ind
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The GII helps to create an environm
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4. The Innovation Efficiency Index
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Table 1: Global Innovation Index ra
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Table 2: Innovation Input Sub-Index
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Table 3: Innovation Output Sub-Inde
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Box 1: A spotlight on the United St
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Figure 2: Innovation Output Sub-Ind
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Malta is ranked 16th in the GII 201
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Figure 3: Global Innovation Index v
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Table 5a: Innovation Efficiency Ind
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financial sustainability, and the v
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ex-territorial innovation centre wi
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cHApTEr 7 Shaping the National Inno
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Table 1: Idea-to-market curve 1. po
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is around 8%—very low, even compa
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culture, environment, and economy.1
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13 See the Department of Biotechnol
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cHApTEr 8 An Integrated Policy Appr
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institutions in developing countrie
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egan to publish monographs on STI p
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cHApTEr 9 Broadband, Inevitable Inn
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Figure 1: Global ICT developments,
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Figure 3: Global fixed and mobile b
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Figure 4: Evolution of ICT-innovati
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cHApTEr 10 The Internet: An Unprece
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egularly update their pages and sha
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Google’s anti-SOPA page, resultin
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cHApTEr 11 We Are All Content Creat
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Table 1: Models of creative industr
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than any single major recording lab
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Pélissié du Rausas, M., J. Manyik
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Country/Economy Profiles I
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THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 II
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Index of Data Tables 1 Institutions
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1.1.1 Political stability and absen
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1.1.3 Press freedom Press freedom i
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1.2.2 Rule of law Rule of law index
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1.3.1 Ease of starting a business E
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1.3.3 Ease of paying taxes Ease of
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2.1.2 Public expenditure on educati
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2.1.4 Assessment in reading, mathem
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2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment School enr
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2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility Ter
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2.3.1 Researchers Researchers, head
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2.3.3 Quality of scientific researc
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3.1.2 ICT use ICT use index* | 2010
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3.1.4 Online e-participation E-part
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3.2.2 Electricity consumption Elect
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3.2.4 Gross capital formation Gross
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3.3.2 Environmental performance Env
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4.1.1 Ease of getting credit Ease o
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4.1.3 Microfinance institutions’
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4.2.2 Market capitalization Market
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4.2.4 Venture capital deals Venture
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4.3.2 Market access for non-agricul
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4.3.4 Exports of goods and services
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5.1.1 Employment in knowledge-inten
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5.1.3 GERD performed by business en
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5.1.5 GMAT mean score Weighted mean
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5.2.1 University/industry research
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5.2.3 GERD financed by abroad GERD:
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5.2.5 Share of patents with foreign
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5.3.2 High-tech imports High-tech n
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5.3.4 Foreign direct investment net
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6.1.2 Patent Cooperation Treaty app
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6.1.4 Scientific and technical jour
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6.2.2 New business density New busi
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6.2.4 ISO 9001 quality certificates
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6.3.2 High-tech exports High-tech n
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6.3.4 Foreign direct investment net
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7.1.2 Madrid Agreement trademark re
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7.1.4 ICT and organizational models
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7.2.2 National feature films produc
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7.2.4 Creative goods exports Creati
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7.3.1 Generic top-level domains (gT
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7.3.3 Wikipedia monthly edits Wikip
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Sources and Definitions III
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412 1 Institutions THE GLOBAL INNOV
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414 2 Human capital and research TH
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416 3 Infrastructure (continued) TH
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418 4 Market sophistication THE GLO
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420 5 Business sophistication (cont
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422 6 Knowledge and technology outp
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424 7 Creative outputs (continued)
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Technical Notes IV
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About the Authors V
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