The Global Innovation Index 2012

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326 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 II: Data Tables 1.1.2 Government effectiveness Government effectiveness index* | 2010 rank country/Economy value Score (0–100) percent rank 1 Singapore. ..........................2.25..........100.00.......... 1.00 l 2 Finland. .............................2.24............99.81..........0.99 l 3 Denmark. ...........................2.17 ............97.88..........0.99 l 4 Sweden .............................2.02............93.92.......... 0.98 l 5 Switzerland .........................1.91 ............91.18.......... 0.97 6 Austria ..............................1.89............90.55..........0.96 l 7 New Zealand. .......................1.87............90.07..........0.96 8 Canada. .............................1.87............89.96.......... 0.95 9 Australia ............................1.82 ............88.67..........0.94 l 10 Norway .............................1.79 ............88.09..........0.94 11 Hong Kong (China). .................1.74 ........... 86.60.......... 0.93 12 Netherlands. ........................1.73 ............86.49.......... 0.92 13 Luxembourg ........................1.71 ............85.82.......... 0.91 14 Belgium. ............................1.59 ............82.77.......... 0.91 15 Iceland ..............................1.58 ............82.44..........0.90 16 United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.56 ............81.96..........0.89 17 Germany ............................1.55 ............81.80..........0.89 18 Cyprus ..............................1.50 ............80.32..........0.88 19 United States of America............1.44 ............78.84..........0.87 20 France ..............................1.44 ............78.80..........0.86 21 Japan ...............................1.40............77.67..........0.86 22 Ireland ..............................1.31 ............75.46..........0.85 23 Israel ................................1.24 ............73.61..........0.84 24 Estonia ..............................1.22 ............73.05..........0.84 25 Korea, Rep. ..........................1.19 ............72.21..........0.83 26 Chile ................................1.18 ............71.95..........0.82 l 27 Malta. ...............................1.16 ............71.31.......... 0.81 28 Malaysia. ............................1.10 ............69.79.......... 0.81 29 Portugal ............................1.04 ............68.24..........0.80 30 Slovenia. ............................1.03 ............68.11.......... 0.79 31 Czech Republic .....................1.01 ............67.45.......... 0.79 32 Spain. ...............................0.98........... 66.80.......... 0.78 33 Qatar. ...............................0.94............65.55..........0.77 34 Brunei Darussalam ..................0.88............64.20.......... 0.76 35 Slovakia .............................0.85............63.41.......... 0.76 36 United Arab Emirates ...............0.78............61.54.......... 0.75 37 Mauritius. ...........................0.77............61.09...........0.74 38 Lithuania. ...........................0.72............59.97...........0.74 39 Poland ..............................0.71............59.51.......... 0.73 40 Latvia ...............................0.70............59.28.......... 0.72 41 Hungary ............................0.69............59.20.......... 0.71 42 Uruguay ............................0.66............58.17.......... 0.71 43 Croatia ..............................0.62............57.15.......... 0.70 44 Bahrain. .............................0.59............56.59..........0.69 45 Oman ...............................0.59............56.34..........0.69 46 Greece ..............................0.52............54.65..........0.68 47 Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.52............54.50.......... 0.67 48 Botswana ...........................0.51 ............54.34..........0.66 49 Turkey...............................0.35............50.16..........0.66 50 South Africa. ........................0.34............49.88..........0.65 51 Costa Rica. ..........................0.32............49.35..........0.64 52 Georgia .............................0.29............48.61..........0.64 53 Trinidad and Tobago ................0.25............47.65..........0.63 54 Tunisia ..............................0.19 ............46.07..........0.62 55 Jamaica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.18 ............45.78.......... 0.61 56 Mexico ..............................0.17 ............45.37.......... 0.61 57 Colombia ...........................0.14 ............44.74..........0.60 58 Panama .............................0.14 ............44.59.......... 0.59 59 China ...............................0.12 ........... 44.20.......... 0.59 60 Namibia. ............................0.10 ............43.61..........0.58 61 Kuwait ..............................0.10 ............43.61..........0.57 62 Thailand ............................0.09............43.20..........0.56 63 Montenegro ........................0.08............43.05..........0.56 64 Jordan ..............................0.08............43.04.......... 0.55 65 Brazil ................................0.07............42.84..........0.54 66 Bulgaria .............................0.01............41.15..........0.54 67 El Salvador ..........................0.01............41.13.......... 0.53 68 Ghana. ............................–0.01........... 40.80.......... 0.52 69 India ..............................–0.01............40.77.......... 0.51 70 Rwanda ...........................–0.05............39.60.......... 0.51 71 Saudi Arabia ......................–0.08........... 38.84..........0.50 72 Philippines .........................–0.10 ............38.25.......... 0.49 rank country/Economy value Score (0–100) percent rank 73 Serbia ..............................–0.11 ............38.00.......... 0.49 74 Guyana ............................–0.14 ............37.36..........0.48 75 Romania ...........................–0.14 ............37.19.......... 0.47 76 Armenia............................–0.15 ............36.97..........0.46 77 Sri Lanka ...........................–0.17 ............36.56..........0.46 78 Morocco ...........................–0.17 ............36.51.......... 0.45 79 Macedonia, FYR ....................–0.18 ............36.31..........0.44 80 Indonesia .........................–0.20............35.85..........0.44 81 Peru...............................–0.21............35.55.......... 0.43 82 Argentina .........................–0.21............35.44.......... 0.42 83 Albania............................–0.27............33.80...........0.41 84 Kazakhstan........................–0.28............33.65...........0.41 85 Viet Nam ..........................–0.31 ............32.84..........0.40 86 Lebanon ..........................–0.34............31.92..........0.39 87 Ethiopia ...........................–0.35............31.80..........0.39 88 Lesotho ...........................–0.37............31.29..........0.38 89 Russian Federation................–0.39............30.62.......... 0.37 90 Malawi ............................–0.40............30.48..........0.36 91 Egypt .............................–0.43............29.65..........0.36 92 Belize .............................–0.44............29.36.......... 0.35 93 Bolivia, Plurinational St. ...........–0.45............29.11..........0.34 94 Mozambique......................–0.47............28.68..........0.34 95 Tanzania, United Rep. .............–0.50............27.77.......... 0.33 96 Senegal ...........................–0.51 ............27.59.......... 0.32 97 Iran, Islamic Rep. ..................–0.52............27.36.......... 0.31 98 Swaziland .........................–0.52............27.25.......... 0.31 99 Kenya .............................–0.54............26.91..........0.30 100 Benin .............................–0.54............26.89..........0.29 101 Syrian Arab Rep....................–0.55............26.51..........0.29 102 Uganda ...........................–0.55............26.44..........0.28 103 Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.56............26.21..........0.27 104 Burkina Faso ......................–0.58............25.72..........0.26 105 Mongolia ......................... –0.61 ............24.82..........0.26 106 Dominican Republic ..............–0.63............24.52..........0.25 107 Moldova, Rep......................–0.63............24.46.......... 0.24 108 Kyrgyzstan ........................–0.63............24.40.......... 0.24 109 Honduras .........................–0.67............23.41..........0.23 110 Gambia ...........................–0.67............23.27..........0.22 111 Ecuador ...........................–0.68............23.23.......... 0.21 112 Guatemala ........................–0.71............22.41.......... 0.21 113 Niger..............................–0.71............22.33..........0.20 114 Bosnia and Herzegovina ..........–0.73............21.69...........0.19 115 Fiji................................. –0.74 ............21.62...........0.19 116 Pakistan...........................–0.77............20.82...........0.18 117 Nepal .............................–0.77............20.79...........0.17 118 Ukraine ...........................–0.77............20.63...........0.16 119 Uzbekistan ........................–0.80............20.05...........0.16 120 Zambia ...........................–0.80............19.92...........0.15 121 Madagascar.......................–0.82............19.35...........0.14 122 Cambodia.........................–0.83............19.27...........0.14 123 Azerbaijan ........................–0.84............18.93...........0.13 124 Bangladesh .......................–0.84............18.83...........0.12 125 Gabon ............................–0.86............18.51...........0.11 126 Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.88............17.84...........0.11 127 Cameroon ........................–0.89............17.72...........0.10 128 Tajikistan .......................... –0.91............17.18..........0.09 129 Paraguay..........................–0.92............16.74..........0.09 130 Lao PDR...........................–0.94............16.22..........0.08 131 Nicaragua.........................–0.96............15.71.......... 0.07 132 Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. .........–1.02 ............14.21..........0.06 133 Yemen .............................–1.03 ............13.84..........0.06 134 Burundi ............................–1.09 ............12.27..........0.05 135 Angola .............................–1.12 ............11.44..........0.04 136 Belarus .............................–1.13 ............11.26..........0.04 137 Nigeria .............................–1.20 .............9.59.......... 0.03 138 Côte d’Ivoire .......................–1.33 .............6.08.......... 0.02 139 Sudan..............................–1.37 .............5.00.......... 0.01 140 Togo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .–1.39 .............4.56.......... 0.01 141 Zimbabwe .........................–1.56 .............0.00..........0.00 SOURCE: World Bank, World Governance Indicators 2010
1.1.3 Press freedom Press freedom index* | 2011 rank country/Economy value Score (0–100) percent rank 1 Finland...........................–10.00 ..........100.00..........0.99 l 1 Norway ..........................–10.00 ..........100.00..........0.99 l 3 Estonia ............................–9.00............99.32.......... 0.98 l 3 Netherlands.......................–9.00............99.32.......... 0.98 l 5 Austria ............................–8.00............98.65.......... 0.97 l 6 Iceland .............................–7.00 ............97.97..........0.96 6 Luxembourg .......................–7.00 ............97.97..........0.96 8 Switzerland .......................–6.20............97.43.......... 0.95 9 Canada............................ –5.67............97.07..........0.94 9 Denmark.......................... –5.67............97.07..........0.94 11 Sweden ........................... –5.50............96.96.......... 0.93 12 New Zealand...................... –5.33........... 96.84.......... 0.92 13 Czech Republic ...................–5.00............96.62.......... 0.91 l 14 Ireland ............................–4.00............95.95.......... 0.91 15 Cyprus ............................–3.00............95.27..........0.88 15 Germany ..........................–3.00............95.27..........0.88 15 Jamaica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –3.00............95.27..........0.88 l 18 Costa Rica......................... –2.25 ............94.76..........0.88 l 19 Belgium........................... –2.00 ............94.59..........0.86 19 Namibia........................... –2.00 ............94.59..........0.86 l 21 Japan ..............................–1.00 ............93.92..........0.86 22 Poland ............................–0.67............93.70..........0.85 l 23 Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.00............93.24..........0.83 l 23 Slovakia .............................0.00............93.24..........0.83 l 25 United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.00............91.89..........0.83 26 Niger. ...............................2.50............91.55..........0.82 l 27 Australia ............................4.00............90.54.......... 0.81 27 Lithuania............................4.00............90.54.......... 0.81 29 Uruguay ............................4.25............90.37..........0.80 l 30 Portugal ............................5.33............89.64.......... 0.79 31 Tanzania, United Rep. ...............6.00............89.19.......... 0.78 l 32 Slovenia.............................9.14 ............87.07.......... 0.78 33 El Salvador ..........................9.30............86.96..........0.77 l 34 France ..............................9.50............86.82.......... 0.76 35 Spain. ...............................9.75........... 86.66.......... 0.76 36 Hungary .......................... 10.00............86.49.......... 0.75 37 Ghana..............................11.00 ............85.81...........0.74 l 38 Botswana ......................... 12.00............85.14.......... 0.73 38 South Africa....................... 12.00............85.14.......... 0.73 40 Korea, Rep. .........................12.67 ........... 84.68.......... 0.72 41 Argentina ......................... 14.00 ............83.78.......... 0.70 41 Romania .......................... 14.00 ............83.78.......... 0.70 41 United States of America.......... 14.00 ............83.78.......... 0.70 44 Latvia ............................. 15.00............83.11..........0.68 44 Trinidad and Tobago .............. 15.00............83.11..........0.68 46 Moldova, Rep...................... 16.00 ............82.43..........0.68 47 Hong Kong (China).................17.00 ............81.76..........0.66 47 Mauritius...........................17.00 ............81.76..........0.66 49 Bosnia and Herzegovina ...........19.50 ............80.07..........0.64 49 Guyana ............................19.50 ............80.07..........0.64 49 Malta. ..............................19.50 ............80.07..........0.64 52 Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19.67 ............79.95..........0.63 53 Lesotho ............................21.00 ............79.05..........0.63 l 54 Mozambique.......................21.50 ............78.72..........0.62 55 Burkina Faso ...................... 23.33............77.48..........0.60 l 55 Croatia ............................ 23.33............77.48..........0.60 57 Greece ............................ 24.00............77.03..........0.60 58 Nicaragua..........................24.33............76.80.......... 0.59 59 Senegal ...........................26.00............75.68..........0.58 60 Armenia............................27.00 ............75.00..........0.58 61 Kuwait ............................28.00............74.32..........0.57 62 Togo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.50............73.99..........0.56 63 Bulgaria ........................... 29.00............73.65.......... 0.53 63 Chile .............................. 29.00............73.65.......... 0.53 63 Paraguay.......................... 29.00............73.65.......... 0.53 63 Serbia ............................. 29.00............73.65.......... 0.53 67 Kenya ............................. 29.50............73.31.......... 0.52 67 Madagascar....................... 29.50............73.31.......... 0.52 69 Zambia ...........................30.00............72.97.......... 0.51 70 Benin ..............................31.00 ............72.30..........0.50 l 71 Israel ...............................31.25 ............72.13..........0.50 72 Lebanon ...........................31.50 ............71.96.......... 0.49 rank country/Economy value Score (0–100) percent rank 73 Macedonia, FYR ....................31.67 ............71.84..........0.48 74 Dominican Republic .............. 33.25............70.78.......... 0.47 75 Albania............................34.44............69.97.......... 0.47 76 Cameroon ........................ 35.00............69.59.......... 0.45 76 Guatemala ........................ 35.00............69.59.......... 0.45 78 Brazil .............................. 35.33............69.37.......... 0.45 79 Mongolia ..........................35.75............69.09..........0.44 80 Gabon ............................36.50............68.58.......... 0.43 81 Ecuador ...........................38.00............67.57.......... 0.42 81 Georgia ...........................38.00............67.57.......... 0.42 83 Nepal ............................. 38.75............67.06...........0.41 84 Montenegro ...................... 39.00............66.89..........0.40 85 Bolivia, Plurinational St. ...........40.00........... 66.22..........0.39 85 Kyrgyzstan ........................40.00........... 66.22..........0.39 87 United Arab Emirates ............. 45.00............62.84..........0.38 88 Panama ............................45.67............62.39.......... 0.37 89 Qatar..............................46.00............62.16.......... 0.37 90 Peru................................51.25 ............58.61..........0.36 91 Ukraine ...........................54.00............56.76.......... 0.35 92 Cambodia......................... 55.00............56.08.......... 0.32 92 Fiji................................. 55.00............56.08.......... 0.32 92 Oman ............................. 55.00............56.08.......... 0.32 92 Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. ........ 55.00............56.08.......... 0.32 92 Zimbabwe ........................ 55.00............56.08.......... 0.32 97 Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.00............55.41..........0.29 97 Malaysia...........................56.00............55.41..........0.29 97 Tajikistan ..........................56.00............55.41..........0.29 100 Brunei Darussalam ................56.20............55.27..........0.29 101 Nigeria ............................56.40............55.14..........0.28 102 Ethiopia ...........................56.60............55.00..........0.27 103 Jordan ............................56.80............54.86..........0.27 104 Bangladesh ........................57.00 ............54.73..........0.26 105 Burundi ............................57.75 ............54.22..........0.25 106 India ..............................58.00............54.05.......... 0.24 107 Angola ............................ 58.43............53.76.......... 0.24 108 Tunisia ............................60.25............52.53..........0.23 109 Honduras ..........................61.00............52.03..........0.22 109 Singapore..........................61.00............52.03..........0.22 111 Thailand ...........................61.50 ............51.69.......... 0.21 112 Morocco .......................... 63.29............50.48..........0.20 113 Uganda ...........................64.00............50.00...........0.19 114 Philippines ........................64.50............49.66...........0.19 115 Gambia ........................... 65.50............48.99...........0.18 116 Russian Federation................66.00............48.65...........0.17 117 Colombia .........................66.50............48.31...........0.17 118 Swaziland ..........................67.00 ............47.97...........0.16 119 Indonesia .........................68.00............47.30...........0.14 119 Malawi ............................68.00............47.30...........0.14 121 Turkey.............................70.00............45.95...........0.14 122 Mexico ............................ 72.67............44.14...........0.13 123 Pakistan........................... 75.00............42.57...........0.12 124 Kazakhstan.........................77.50........... 40.88...........0.12 125 Rwanda ............................81.00 ............38.51...........0.11 126 Uzbekistan ........................83.00............37.16...........0.10 127 Saudi Arabia ......................83.25............36.99..........0.09 128 Côte d’Ivoire ...................... 83.50............36.82..........0.09 129 Azerbaijan .........................87.25............34.29..........0.08 130 Sri Lanka ...........................87.50............34.12.......... 0.07 131 Lao PDR........................... 89.00............33.11..........0.06 132 Egypt ..............................97.50............27.36..........0.06 133 Belarus ............................99.00............26.35..........0.05 134 Sudan............................100.75............25.17..........0.04 135 Yemen ........................... 101.00 ............25.00..........0.04 136 Viet Nam ......................... 114.00 ............16.22.......... 0.03 137 Bahrain...........................125.00.............8.78.......... 0.02 138 China ............................136.00.............1.35.......... 0.01 139 Iran, Islamic Rep. .................136.60.............0.95.......... 0.01 140 Syrian Arab Rep...................138.00.............0.00..........0.00 n/a Belize ............................... n/a..............n/a...........n/a SOURCE: Reporters Without Borders, Press Freedom Index 2011–2012 327 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 II: Data Tables
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The Global Innovation Index 2012 St
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The Global Innovation Index 2012: S
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iv THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
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vi THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
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Foreword The Coherence Premium in I
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cONTrIBuTOrS Contributors to the Re
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Rankings
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Global Innovation Index rankings (c
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cHApTEr 1 The Global Innovation Ind
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The GII helps to create an environm
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4. The Innovation Efficiency Index
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Table 1: Global Innovation Index ra
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Table 2: Innovation Input Sub-Index
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Table 3: Innovation Output Sub-Inde
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Box 1: A spotlight on the United St
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Figure 2: Innovation Output Sub-Ind
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Malta is ranked 16th in the GII 201
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Figure 3: Global Innovation Index v
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Table 5a: Innovation Efficiency Ind
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Figure 4: GII scores v. GDP per cap
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Table 5c: Innovation Efficiency Ind
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Figure 5: Average scores for select
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performances on key indicators and
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pillars, however, place it among th
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eflect the situation of the countri
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PPP$ 3,354.8 Viet Nam has a very go
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6. Northern America continues to be
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Freeman, C., and L. Soete. 2007.
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cHApTEr 3 Academia-Industry Innovat
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Intel, Microsoft, Motorola, Nokia,
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Figure 2: Intermediary university-i
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the best combinations of foreign te
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cHApTEr 5 The Role of Coherent Link
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Figure 1: Innovation policy framewo
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which is good. However, the role of
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Box 1: Strengthening the innovation
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Figure 4: Conceptual framework for
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Box 2: Saudi Arabia: Linking innova
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cHApTEr 6 The Russian Federation: A
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Figure 2: Expenditure on technologi
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in pharmaceuticals, computers, tele
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financial sustainability, and the v
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ex-territorial innovation centre wi
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cHApTEr 7 Shaping the National Inno
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Table 1: Idea-to-market curve 1. po
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is around 8%—very low, even compa
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culture, environment, and economy.1
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13 See the Department of Biotechnol
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cHApTEr 8 An Integrated Policy Appr
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institutions in developing countrie
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egan to publish monographs on STI p
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cHApTEr 9 Broadband, Inevitable Inn
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Figure 1: Global ICT developments,
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Figure 3: Global fixed and mobile b
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Figure 4: Evolution of ICT-innovati
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cHApTEr 10 The Internet: An Unprece
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egularly update their pages and sha
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Google’s anti-SOPA page, resultin
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cHApTEr 11 We Are All Content Creat
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Table 1: Models of creative industr
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than any single major recording lab
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Pélissié du Rausas, M., J. Manyik
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Country/Economy Profiles I
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Page 343 and 344: THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 II
Page 345 and 346: Index of Data Tables 1 Institutions
Page 347: 1.1.1 Political stability and absen
Page 351 and 352: 1.2.2 Rule of law Rule of law index
Page 353 and 354: 1.3.1 Ease of starting a business E
Page 355 and 356: 1.3.3 Ease of paying taxes Ease of
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Page 363 and 364: 2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility Ter
Page 365 and 366: 2.3.1 Researchers Researchers, head
Page 367 and 368: 2.3.3 Quality of scientific researc
Page 369 and 370: 3.1.2 ICT use ICT use index* | 2010
Page 371 and 372: 3.1.4 Online e-participation E-part
Page 373 and 374: 3.2.2 Electricity consumption Elect
Page 375 and 376: 3.2.4 Gross capital formation Gross
Page 377 and 378: 3.3.2 Environmental performance Env
Page 379 and 380: 4.1.1 Ease of getting credit Ease o
Page 381 and 382: 4.1.3 Microfinance institutions’
Page 383 and 384: 4.2.2 Market capitalization Market
Page 385 and 386: 4.2.4 Venture capital deals Venture
Page 387 and 388: 4.3.2 Market access for non-agricul
Page 389 and 390: 4.3.4 Exports of goods and services
Page 391 and 392: 5.1.1 Employment in knowledge-inten
Page 393 and 394: 5.1.3 GERD performed by business en
Page 395 and 396: 5.1.5 GMAT mean score Weighted mean
Page 397 and 398: 5.2.1 University/industry research
Page 399 and 400:
5.2.3 GERD financed by abroad GERD:
Page 401 and 402:
5.2.5 Share of patents with foreign
Page 403 and 404:
5.3.2 High-tech imports High-tech n
Page 405 and 406:
5.3.4 Foreign direct investment net
Page 407 and 408:
6.1.2 Patent Cooperation Treaty app
Page 409 and 410:
6.1.4 Scientific and technical jour
Page 411 and 412:
6.2.2 New business density New busi
Page 413 and 414:
6.2.4 ISO 9001 quality certificates
Page 415 and 416:
6.3.2 High-tech exports High-tech n
Page 417 and 418:
6.3.4 Foreign direct investment net
Page 419 and 420:
7.1.2 Madrid Agreement trademark re
Page 421 and 422:
7.1.4 ICT and organizational models
Page 423 and 424:
7.2.2 National feature films produc
Page 425 and 426:
7.2.4 Creative goods exports Creati
Page 427 and 428:
7.3.1 Generic top-level domains (gT
Page 429 and 430:
7.3.3 Wikipedia monthly edits Wikip
Page 431:
Sources and Definitions III
Page 434 and 435:
412 1 Institutions THE GLOBAL INNOV
Page 436 and 437:
414 2 Human capital and research TH
Page 438 and 439:
416 3 Infrastructure (continued) TH
Page 440 and 441:
418 4 Market sophistication THE GLO
Page 442 and 443:
420 5 Business sophistication (cont
Page 444 and 445:
422 6 Knowledge and technology outp
Page 446 and 447:
424 7 Creative outputs (continued)
Page 449:
Technical Notes IV
Page 452 and 453:
Page 455:
About the Authors V
Page 458 and 459:
Page 460 and 461:
Page 462:
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The Global Innovation Index 2012

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