The Global Innovation Index 2012

Key indicators
population (millions) .................................................................................... 4.0
GDp per capita, ppp$ ........................................................................... 15,597.0
GDp (uS$ billions) ....................................................................................... 41.5
Score (0–100)
or value (hard data) rank
Global Innovation Index 2012 (out of 141)......................... 36.2 61
Innovation Output Sub-Index ........................................................................................... 30.6 63
Innovation Input Sub-Index .............................................................................................. 41.8 62
Innovation Efficiency Index ................................................................................................. 0.7 73
Global Innovation Index 2011 (out of 125) .............................................................................. 49
GII 2012 rank among GII 2011 economies (125) ...................................................................... 59
1 Institutions ....................................................53.9 75
1.1 Political environment ............................................................44.1 106
1.1.1 Political stability*....................................................................................28.4 131
1.1.2 Government effectiveness* ............................................................31.9 86
1.1.3 Press freedom* ........................................................................................72.0 72
1.2 Regulatory environment .......................................................70.1 56
1.2.1 Regulatory quality* ..............................................................................52.7 72
1.2.2 Rule of law* ...............................................................................................30.2 104
1.2.3 Cost of redundancy dismissal, salary weeks ...........................8.7 23
1.3 Business environment ...........................................................47.4 73
1.3.1 Ease of starting a business* ............................................................39.5 85
1.3.2 Ease of resolving insolvency* ........................................................19.4 113
1.3.3 Ease of paying taxes* ..........................................................................83.4 24
2 Human capital & research ..........................39.4 57
2.1 Education ..................................................................................40.8 104
2.1.1 Current expenditure on education, % GNI ..............................1.6 132
2.1.2 Public expenditure/pupil, % GDP/cap ........................................6.2 116
2.1.3 School life expectancy, years .........................................................13.9 51
2.1.4 PISA scales in reading, maths, & science ..................................n/a n/a
2.1.5 Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary .........................................................8.9 16 l
2.2 Tertiary education ..................................................................53.9 15 l
2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment, % gross ............................................................54.0 40
2.2.2 Graduates in science & engineering, % ..................................25.0 25
2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility, % ..........................................................15.0 11 l
2.2.4 Gross tertiary outbound enrolment, % ......................................3.4 27
2.3 Research & development (R&D) ..........................................23.6 62
2.3.1 Researchers, headcounts/mn pop. ..............................................n/a n/a
2.3.2 Gross expenditure on R&D, % GDP ..............................................n/a n/a
2.3.3 Quality of scientific research institutions† ............................23.6 121
3 Infrastructure................................................33.5 72
3.1 Information & communication technologies (ICT) ........32.8 72
3.1.1 ICT access* .................................................................................................38.9 79
3.1.2 ICT use* .......................................................................................................12.9 82
3.1.3 Government’s online service* .......................................................47.7 75
3.1.4 E-participation*.......................................................................................31.6 47
3.2 General infrastructure ...........................................................45.1 34
3.2.1 Electricity output, kWh/cap ..................................................... 3,570.4 56
3.2.2 Electricity consumption, kWh/cap ...................................... 3,110.1 57
3.2.3 Quality of trade & transport infrastructure* .........................51.3 40
3.2.4 Gross capital formation, % GDP ...................................................32.7 16 l
3.3 Ecological sustainability .......................................................22.6 100
3.3.1 GDP/unit of energy use, 2000 PPP$/kg oil eq .......................3.9 89
3.3.2 Environmental performance*........................................................47.4 90
3.3.3 ISO 14001 environmental certificates/bn PPP$ GDP ........0.2 110
4 Market sophistication .................................34.0 90
4.1 Credit .........................................................................................22.3 88
4.1.1 Ease of getting credit* .......................................................................38.7 72
4.1.2 Domestic credit to private sector, % GDP .............................81.3 42
4.1.3 Microfinance gross loans, % GDP ..................................................0.1 67
Lebanon
4.2 Investment ................................................................................12.6 108
4.2.1 Ease of protecting investors* .........................................................35.9 76
4.2.2 Market capitalization, % GDP.........................................................32.1 59
4.2.3 Total value of stocks traded, % GDP .............................................4.8 56
4.2.4 Venture capital deals/tr PPP$ GDP ................................................0.0 65
4.3 Trade & competition ..............................................................67.2 45
4.3.1 Applied tariff rate, weighted mean, % ........................................4.8 77
4.3.2 Non-agricultural mkt access weighted tariff, % ....................0.0 1 l
4.3.3 Imports of goods & services, % GDP ........................................43.8 60
4.3.4 Exports of goods & services, % GDP .........................................20.9 124
4.3.5 Intensity of local competition† ....................................................73.9 26
5 Business sophistication ..............................48.3 33
5.1 Knowledge workers ................................................................64.8 33
5.1.1 Knowledge-intensive employment, % ....................................31.9 38
5.1.2 Firms offering formal training, % firms ....................................52.4 23
5.1.3 R&D performed by business, % ......................................................n/a n/a
5.1.4 R&D financed by business, % ..........................................................n/a n/a
5.1.5 GMAT mean score ..............................................................................484.7 83
5.1.6 GMAT test takers/mn pop. 20–34 ........................................ 1,178.6 4 l
5.2 Innovation linkages ...............................................................41.9 47
5.2.1 University/industry research collaboration† ........................35.3 107
5.2.2 State of cluster development† .....................................................32.4 108
5.2.3 R&D financed by abroad, % ..............................................................n/a n/a
5.2.4 JV–strategic alliance deals/tr PPP$ GDP .................................26.7 53
5.2.5 PCT patent filings with foreign inventor, % .......................100.0 1 l
5.3 Knowledge absorption ..........................................................38.2 59
5.3.1 Royalty & license fees payments/th GDP ..................................0.3 99
5.3.2 High-tech imports less re-imports, % .........................................4.0 117
5.3.3 Computer & comm. service imports, % ..................................55.9 10 l
5.3.4 FDI net inflows, % GDP ......................................................................12.7 11 l
6 Knowledge & technology outputs ...........33.9 48
6.1 Knowledge creation ...............................................................15.2 95
6.1.1 Domestic resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP ..........................n/a n/a
6.1.2 PCT resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP .......................................n/a n/a
6.1.3 Domestic res utility model ap/bn PPP$ GDP ........................n/a n/a
6.1.4 Scientific & technical articles/bn PPP$ GDP ............................4.7 59
6.2 Knowledge impact .................................................................45.5 29
6.2.1 Growth rate of PPP$ GDP/worker, % ..........................................n/a n/a
6.2.2 New businesses/th pop. 15–64 ......................................................n/a n/a
6.2.3 Computer software spending, % GDP .......................................n/a n/a
6.2.4 ISO 9001 quality certificates/bn PPP$ GDP .............................6.4 60
6.3 Knowledge diffusion ..............................................................40.9 31
6.3.1 Royalty & license fees receipts/th GDP.......................................0.2 61
6.3.2 High-tech exports less re-exports, %........................................14.2 22
6.3.3 Computer & comm. service exports, % ..................................55.5 18 l
6.3.4 FDI net outflows, % GDP .....................................................................1.5 31
7 Creative outputs ..........................................27.3 93
7.1 Creative intangibles ...............................................................27.0 122
7.1.1 Domestic res trademark reg/bn PPP$ GDP ............................n/a n/a
7.1.2 Madrid resident trademark reg/bn PPP$ GDP ......................n/a n/a
7.1.3 ICT & business model creation† ..................................................34.6 124
7.1.4 ICT & organizational model creation† .....................................19.3 132
7.2 Creative goods & services .....................................................38.4 23
7.2.1 Recreation & culture consumption, % .......................................n/a n/a
7.2.2 National feature films/mn pop. 15–69........................................2.7 39
7.2.3 Paid-for dailies, circulation/th pop. 15–69 .............................88.3 60
7.2.4 Creative goods exports, % ..................................................................5.4 10 l
7.2.5 Creative services exports, % ..............................................................7.2 28
7.3 Online creativity ......................................................................17.1 86
7.3.1 Generic top-level domains (TLDs)/th pop. 15–69 ...............6.5 54
7.3.2 Country-code TLDs/th pop. 15–69 ...............................................9.7 99
7.3.3 Wikipedia monthly edits/mn pop. 15–69 ...........................335.9 87
7.3.4 Video uploads on YouTube/pop. 15–69 .................................50.2 76
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THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 I: Country/Economy Profiles