The Global Innovation Index 2012

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24 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 1: The Global Innovation Index 2012 Figure 4: GII scores v. GDP per capita in PPP$ (bubbles sized by population) GII score 70 60 50 40 30 20 BI ZW Learners RW KE SN GH PH NP MZ MW UG ML MG ET BF BJ TG TZ BD ID FJ GT TJ NI ZM KG HN BO CM NG LS GM UZ SY CI KH PK LA NE Underperformers 10 400 1,600 6,400 25,600 102,400 CR BR Note: ‘Efficient innovators’ are countries/economies with Innovation Efficiency ratios ≥ 0.74; ‘Inefficient innovators’ have ratios < 0.74; the trend line is a polynomial of degree four. YE MD SD VN IN MN MA SZ LK CN AM GE PY JO UA AO NA GY SV TN EG MK CO BA BZ DO AL DZ TH JM EC ME RS ZA PE AZ GDP per capita in PPP$ (ln scale) RO KZ TR PA BG IR VE LV MY CL HR SK PL BH MU OM SA RU LB UY SG Leaders FI GB NL EE DK IE CA NZ DE IL MT CA IS HK US NO KR BE AT MX TT BW BY GA LT AR HU SI JP FR CZ CY ES PT GR IT SE KW CH AU AE BN Efficient innovators Inefficient innovators LU QA
Figure 4: GII scores v. GDP per capita in PPP$ (bubbles sized by population): ISO-2 Country Codes code country AE .......................................................united Arab Emirates AL ............................................................................ Albania AM ..........................................................................Armenia AO ............................................................................. Angola Ar .........................................................................Argentina AT .............................................................................. Austria Au .......................................................................... Australia AZ ....................................................................... Azerbaijan BA .................................................. Bosnia and Herzegovina BD ......................................................................Bangladesh BE ........................................................................... Belgium Bf .................................................................... Burkina faso BG ........................................................................... Bulgaria BH ............................................................................ Bahrain BI .............................................................................Burundi BJ ................................................................................ Benin BN ...........................................................Brunei Darussalam BO .................................................. Bolivia, plurinational St. Br ............................................................................... Brazil BW ........................................................................Botswana By .............................................................................Belarus BZ ...............................................................................Belize cA .............................................................................canada cH ......................................................................Switzerland cI ......................................................................côte d’Ivoire cL ................................................................................. chile cM ....................................................................... cameroon cN ............................................................................... china cO ......................................................................... colombia cr ........................................................................ costa rica cy ..............................................................................cyprus cZ ..................................................................czech republic DE .......................................................................... Germany DK ..........................................................................Denmark DO .........................................................Dominican republic DZ ............................................................................. Algeria Ec .............................................................................Ecuador EE ..............................................................................Estonia EG ............................................................................... Egypt ES ................................................................................ Spain ET ............................................................................ Ethiopia fI...............................................................................finland fJ .....................................................................................fiji fr ..............................................................................france GA .............................................................................. Gabon GB .............................................................. united Kingdom GE ............................................................................ Georgia code country GH .............................................................................. Ghana GM ........................................................................... Gambia Gr ..............................................................................Greece GT ....................................................................... Guatemala Gy ............................................................................ Guyana HK .......................................................... Hong Kong (china) HN ......................................................................... Honduras Hr ............................................................................. croatia Hu ...........................................................................Hungary ID ..........................................................................Indonesia IE............................................................................... Ireland IL..................................................................................Israel IN ................................................................................. India Ir .............................................................. Iran, Islamic rep. IS ..............................................................................Iceland IT................................................................................... Italy JM ............................................................................Jamaica JO ...............................................................................Jordan Jp ................................................................................ Japan KE ...............................................................................Kenya KG ....................................................................... Kyrgyzstan KH ........................................................................ cambodia Kr .......................................................................Korea, rep. KW ............................................................................ Kuwait KZ ...................................................................... Kazakhstan LA ........................................................................... Lao pDr LB ...........................................................................Lebanon LK...........................................................................Sri Lanka LS .............................................................................Lesotho LT .......................................................................... Lithuania Lu .................................................................... Luxembourg Lv ................................................................................Latvia MA .......................................................................... Morocco MD .................................................................Moldova, rep. ME ....................................................................Montenegro MG .................................................................... Madagascar MK .............................................................. Macedonia, fyr ML................................................................................. Mali MN ........................................................................ Mongolia MT ............................................................................... Malta Mu ........................................................................ Mauritius MW ...........................................................................Malawi MX ............................................................................ Mexico My ......................................................................... Malaysia MZ ...................................................................Mozambique NA ........................................................................... Namibia NE ................................................................................Niger code country NG .............................................................................Nigeria NI ......................................................................... Nicaragua NL ..................................................................... Netherlands NO ............................................................................ Norway Np ............................................................................... Nepal NZ ....................................................................New Zealand OM ..............................................................................Oman pA ........................................................................... panama pE ................................................................................. peru pH .......................................................................philippines pK ........................................................................... pakistan pL.............................................................................. poland pT ...........................................................................portugal py ..........................................................................paraguay QA ................................................................................Qatar rO .......................................................................... romania rS .............................................................................. Serbia ru .......................................................... russian federation rW .......................................................................... rwanda SA .................................................................... Saudi Arabia SD .............................................................................. Sudan SE .............................................................................Sweden SG ........................................................................ Singapore SI ............................................................................ Slovenia SK ........................................................................... Slovakia SN ............................................................................Senegal Sv .......................................................................El Salvador Sy .............................................................. Syrian Arab rep. SZ ......................................................................... Swaziland TG .................................................................................Togo TH ...........................................................................Thailand TJ .......................................................................... Tajikistan TN ............................................................................. Tunisia Tr .............................................................................. Turkey TT ......................................................... Trinidad and Tobago TZ ....................................................... Tanzania, united rep. uA ............................................................................ ukraine uG ............................................................................ uganda uS ................................................. united States of America uy ...........................................................................uruguay uZ .......................................................................uzbekistan vE ...............................................venezuela, Bolivarian rep. vN ..........................................................................viet Nam yE...............................................................................yemen ZA ..................................................................... South Africa ZM ............................................................................Zambia ZW .......................................................................Zimbabwe 25 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 1: The Global Innovation Index 2012
Page 1: The Global Innovation Index 2012 St
Page 4 and 5: The Global Innovation Index 2012: S
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Page 11: Foreword The Coherence Premium in I
Page 15: cONTrIBuTOrS Contributors to the Re
Page 19 and 20: Rankings
Page 21: Global Innovation Index rankings (c
Page 25 and 26: cHApTEr 1 The Global Innovation Ind
Page 27 and 28: The GII helps to create an environm
Page 29 and 30: 4. The Innovation Efficiency Index
Page 31 and 32: Table 1: Global Innovation Index ra
Page 33 and 34: Table 2: Innovation Input Sub-Index
Page 35 and 36: Table 3: Innovation Output Sub-Inde
Page 37 and 38: Box 1: A spotlight on the United St
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2: Innovation Output Sub-Ind
Page 41 and 42: Malta is ranked 16th in the GII 201
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3: Global Innovation Index v
Page 45: Table 5a: Innovation Efficiency Ind
Page 49 and 50: Table 5c: Innovation Efficiency Ind
Page 51 and 52: Figure 5: Average scores for select
Page 53 and 54: performances on key indicators and
Page 55 and 56: pillars, however, place it among th
Page 57 and 58: eflect the situation of the countri
Page 59 and 60: PPP$ 3,354.8 Viet Nam has a very go
Page 61 and 62: 6. Northern America continues to be
Page 63: Freeman, C., and L. Soete. 2007.
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74 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
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cHApTEr 3 Academia-Industry Innovat
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Intel, Microsoft, Motorola, Nokia,
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Figure 2: Intermediary university-i
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the best combinations of foreign te
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cHApTEr 5 The Role of Coherent Link
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Figure 1: Innovation policy framewo
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which is good. However, the role of
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Box 1: Strengthening the innovation
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Figure 4: Conceptual framework for
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Box 2: Saudi Arabia: Linking innova
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cHApTEr 6 The Russian Federation: A
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Figure 2: Expenditure on technologi
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in pharmaceuticals, computers, tele
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financial sustainability, and the v
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ex-territorial innovation centre wi
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cHApTEr 7 Shaping the National Inno
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Table 1: Idea-to-market curve 1. po
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is around 8%—very low, even compa
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culture, environment, and economy.1
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13 See the Department of Biotechnol
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cHApTEr 8 An Integrated Policy Appr
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institutions in developing countrie
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egan to publish monographs on STI p
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cHApTEr 9 Broadband, Inevitable Inn
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Figure 1: Global ICT developments,
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Figure 3: Global fixed and mobile b
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Figure 4: Evolution of ICT-innovati
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cHApTEr 10 The Internet: An Unprece
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egularly update their pages and sha
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Google’s anti-SOPA page, resultin
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cHApTEr 11 We Are All Content Creat
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Table 1: Models of creative industr
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than any single major recording lab
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Pélissié du Rausas, M., J. Manyik
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Country/Economy Profiles I
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THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 II
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Index of Data Tables 1 Institutions
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1.1.1 Political stability and absen
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1.1.3 Press freedom Press freedom i
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1.2.2 Rule of law Rule of law index
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1.3.1 Ease of starting a business E
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1.3.3 Ease of paying taxes Ease of
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2.1.2 Public expenditure on educati
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2.1.4 Assessment in reading, mathem
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2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment School enr
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2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility Ter
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2.3.1 Researchers Researchers, head
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2.3.3 Quality of scientific researc
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3.1.2 ICT use ICT use index* | 2010
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3.1.4 Online e-participation E-part
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3.2.2 Electricity consumption Elect
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3.2.4 Gross capital formation Gross
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3.3.2 Environmental performance Env
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4.1.1 Ease of getting credit Ease o
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4.1.3 Microfinance institutions’
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4.2.2 Market capitalization Market
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4.2.4 Venture capital deals Venture
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4.3.2 Market access for non-agricul
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4.3.4 Exports of goods and services
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5.1.1 Employment in knowledge-inten
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5.1.3 GERD performed by business en
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5.1.5 GMAT mean score Weighted mean
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5.2.1 University/industry research
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5.2.3 GERD financed by abroad GERD:
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5.2.5 Share of patents with foreign
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5.3.2 High-tech imports High-tech n
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5.3.4 Foreign direct investment net
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6.1.2 Patent Cooperation Treaty app
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6.1.4 Scientific and technical jour
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6.2.2 New business density New busi
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6.2.4 ISO 9001 quality certificates
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6.3.2 High-tech exports High-tech n
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6.3.4 Foreign direct investment net
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7.1.2 Madrid Agreement trademark re
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7.1.4 ICT and organizational models
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7.2.2 National feature films produc
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7.2.4 Creative goods exports Creati
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7.3.1 Generic top-level domains (gT
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7.3.3 Wikipedia monthly edits Wikip
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Sources and Definitions III
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412 1 Institutions THE GLOBAL INNOV
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414 2 Human capital and research TH
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416 3 Infrastructure (continued) TH
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418 4 Market sophistication THE GLO
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420 5 Business sophistication (cont
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422 6 Knowledge and technology outp
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424 7 Creative outputs (continued)
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Technical Notes IV
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About the Authors V
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