The Global Innovation Index 2012

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424 7 Creative outputs (continued) THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 III: Sources and Definitions 7.2.3 Daily newspapers circulation paid-for dailies average circulation (per thousand population 15–69 years old) a | 2009 Paid-for dailies total average circulation. Daily newspapers are periodic publications mainly reporting events that have occurred in the 24-hour period before going to press (issued at least four times a week). Periodic publications are intended for the general public and mainly designed to be a primary source of written information on current events connected with public affairs, international questions, politics, etc. They may also include articles on literary or other subjects as well as illustrations and advertising. The average daily circulation includes the number of copies distributed both inside the country and abroad and either: (a) sold directly; (b) sold by subscription; or (c) mainly distributed free of charge’. Data reported per thousand population 15–69 years old. Source: World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers, World Press Trends 2010. (www.wan-ifra.org) 7.2.4 Creative goods exports creative goods exports (% of total exports) | 2010 Total export values of creative goods (current US$) over total goods exports (current US$). Source: UNCTAD, Creative Economy Report, UNCTADStat (2004–10). (http://unctadstat. unctad.org/) 7.2.5 Creative services exports creative services: Exports (% of total services exports) | 2010 Total exports of creative services (current US$) over total services exports (current US$). UNCTAD reports that ‘the value of total exports . . . of creative services is inevitably underestimated, as all the statistical detail necessary is rarely systematically reported’. Creative services includes the following categories of services: (1) advertising, market research, and public opinion polling services; (2) architectural, engineering, and other technical; (3) research and development services; (4) personal, cultural, and recreational services (including 4.a. audiovisual and related services); and (5) other personal, cultural, and recreational services. UNCTAD does not report totals for services; the series 1 to 5 were added up to get the total. Source: UNCTAD, Creative Economy Report, UNCTADStat, (2005–10). (http://unctadstat. unctad.org/) 7.3 Online creativity 7.3.1 Generic top-level domains (gTLDs) Generic top-level domains gTLDs (per thousand population 15–69 years old) | 2011 A generic top-level domain (gTLD) is one of the categories of top-level domains (TLDs) maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for use in the Internet. Generic TLDs can be unrestricted (com, info, net, and org) or restricted—that is, used on the basis of fulfilling eligibility criteria (biz, name, and pro). Of these, the statistic covers the five generic domains biz, info, org, net, and com. Generic domains .name and .pro, and sponsored domains (arpa, aero, asia, cat, coop, edu, gov, int, jobs, mil, museum, tel, travel, and xxx) are not included. Neither are country-code toplevel domains (refer to indicator 7.3.2). The statistic represents the total number of registered domains (i.e., net totals by December 2011, existing domains + new registrations – expired domains). Data are collected on the basis of a 4% random sample of the total population of domains drawn from the root zone files (a complete listing of active domains) for each TLD. The geographic location of a domain is determined by the registration address for the domain name registrant that is returned from a whois query. These registration data are parsed by country and postal code and then aggregated to any number of geographic levels such as county, city, MSA, or country/ economy. The original hard data were scaled by thousand population 15–69 years old. For confidentiality reasons, only normalized values are reported; while relative positions are preserved, magnitudes are not. Source: ZookNIC. (http://www.zooknic.com) 7.3.2 Country-code top-level domains (ccTLDs) country-code top-level domains ccTLDs (per thousand population 15–69 years old) | 2011 A country-code top-level domain (ccTLD) is one of the categories of toplevel domains (TLDs) maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for use in the Internet. Countrycode TLDs are two-letter domains especially designated for a particular economy, country, or autonomous territory (there are 324 ccTLDs, in various alphabets/characters). The statistic represents the total number of registered domains (i.e., net totals by December 2011, existing domains + new registrations – expired domains). Data are collected from the registry responsible for each ccTLD and represent the total number of domain registrations in the ccTLD. Each ccTLD is assigned to the country with which it is associated rather than based on the registration address of the registrant. ZookNIC reports that for the ccTLDs it covers, 85–100% of domains are registered in the same country; the only exceptions are the ccTLDs that have been licensed for commercial worldwide use. Of this year’s GII sample of countries, this is the case for the ccTLDs of the following economies: Armenia am, Austria at, Belgium be, Belarus by, Canada ca, Switzerland ch, Colombia co, Denmark dk, Spain es, Finland fi, India in, Iran, Islamic Rep. ir, Iceland is, Italy it, Lao PDR la, Latvia lv, Moldova md, Montenegro me, Mongolia mn , Mauritius mu , Nicaragua ni , Serbia rs , Slovenia si (list based on from www. wikipedia.org). Data reported by thousand population 15–69 years old. For confidentiality reasons, only normalized values are reported; while relative positions are preserved, magnitudes are not. Source: ZookNIC (2003–11). (http://www. zooknic.com)
7 Creative outputs (continued) 7.3.3 Wikipedia monthly edits Wikipedia monthly page edits per adult (per population 15–69) | 2011 Data extracted from Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report, Wikipedia Page Edits per Country, Overview on the portal www. wikipedia.org. The count of monthly page edits data is based on a 1:1,000 sampled server log (squids), for the period January to December 2011. Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) traffic logging service suffered from server capacity problems in Aug/ Sep/Oct 2011. Data loss occurred only during peak hours. It therefore may have had a somewhat different impact for traffic from different parts of the world. Countries are included only if the number of page edits in the period exceeds 100,000 (100 matching records in 1:1,000 sampled log). Page edits by bots are not included. Also all IP addresses that occur more than once on a given day are discarded for that day. A few false negatives are taken for granted. Generated on Friday, 20 January 2012 at 16:25. Data reported per million population 15–69 years old. Source: Wikimedia Foundation. (http://stats. wikimedia.org/archive/squid_reports/2011-12/ SquidReportPageEditsPerCountryOverview. htm) 7.3.4 Video uploads on YouTube Number of video uploads on youTube (scaled by population 15–69 years old) | 2011 Total number of video uploads on YouTube, per country, scaled by population 15–69 years old. The raw data are survey based: the country of affiliation is chosen by each user on the basis of a multi-choice selection. This metric counts all video upload events by users. For confidentiality reasons, only normalized values are reported, while relative positions are preserved, magnitudes are not. Source: Google, parent company of YouTube. (www.youtube.com) 425 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 III: Sources and Definitions
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The Global Innovation Index 2012 St
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The Global Innovation Index 2012: S
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iv THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
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vi THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
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Foreword The Coherence Premium in I
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cONTrIBuTOrS Contributors to the Re
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Rankings
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Global Innovation Index rankings (c
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cHApTEr 1 The Global Innovation Ind
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The GII helps to create an environm
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4. The Innovation Efficiency Index
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Table 1: Global Innovation Index ra
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Table 2: Innovation Input Sub-Index
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Table 3: Innovation Output Sub-Inde
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Box 1: A spotlight on the United St
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Figure 2: Innovation Output Sub-Ind
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Malta is ranked 16th in the GII 201
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Figure 3: Global Innovation Index v
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Table 5a: Innovation Efficiency Ind
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Figure 4: GII scores v. GDP per cap
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Table 5c: Innovation Efficiency Ind
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Figure 5: Average scores for select
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performances on key indicators and
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pillars, however, place it among th
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eflect the situation of the countri
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PPP$ 3,354.8 Viet Nam has a very go
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6. Northern America continues to be
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Freeman, C., and L. Soete. 2007.
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44 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
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cHApTEr 3 Academia-Industry Innovat
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Intel, Microsoft, Motorola, Nokia,
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Figure 2: Intermediary university-i
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the best combinations of foreign te
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cHApTEr 5 The Role of Coherent Link
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Figure 1: Innovation policy framewo
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which is good. However, the role of
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Box 1: Strengthening the innovation
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Figure 4: Conceptual framework for
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Box 2: Saudi Arabia: Linking innova
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cHApTEr 6 The Russian Federation: A
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Figure 2: Expenditure on technologi
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in pharmaceuticals, computers, tele
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financial sustainability, and the v
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ex-territorial innovation centre wi
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cHApTEr 7 Shaping the National Inno
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Table 1: Idea-to-market curve 1. po
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is around 8%—very low, even compa
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culture, environment, and economy.1
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13 See the Department of Biotechnol
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cHApTEr 8 An Integrated Policy Appr
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institutions in developing countrie
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egan to publish monographs on STI p
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cHApTEr 9 Broadband, Inevitable Inn
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Figure 1: Global ICT developments,
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Figure 3: Global fixed and mobile b
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Figure 4: Evolution of ICT-innovati
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cHApTEr 10 The Internet: An Unprece
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egularly update their pages and sha
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Google’s anti-SOPA page, resultin
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cHApTEr 11 We Are All Content Creat
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Table 1: Models of creative industr
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than any single major recording lab
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Pélissié du Rausas, M., J. Manyik
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Country/Economy Profiles I
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THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 II
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Index of Data Tables 1 Institutions
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1.1.1 Political stability and absen
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1.1.3 Press freedom Press freedom i
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1.2.2 Rule of law Rule of law index
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1.3.1 Ease of starting a business E
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1.3.3 Ease of paying taxes Ease of
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2.1.2 Public expenditure on educati
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2.1.4 Assessment in reading, mathem
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2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment School enr
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2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility Ter
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2.3.1 Researchers Researchers, head
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2.3.3 Quality of scientific researc
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3.1.2 ICT use ICT use index* | 2010
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3.1.4 Online e-participation E-part
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3.2.2 Electricity consumption Elect
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3.2.4 Gross capital formation Gross
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3.3.2 Environmental performance Env
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4.1.1 Ease of getting credit Ease o
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4.1.3 Microfinance institutions’
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4.2.2 Market capitalization Market
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4.2.4 Venture capital deals Venture
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4.3.2 Market access for non-agricul
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4.3.4 Exports of goods and services
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5.1.1 Employment in knowledge-inten
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5.1.3 GERD performed by business en
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Page 415 and 416: 6.3.2 High-tech exports High-tech n
Page 417 and 418: 6.3.4 Foreign direct investment net
Page 419 and 420: 7.1.2 Madrid Agreement trademark re
Page 421 and 422: 7.1.4 ICT and organizational models
Page 423 and 424: 7.2.2 National feature films produc
Page 425 and 426: 7.2.4 Creative goods exports Creati
Page 427 and 428: 7.3.1 Generic top-level domains (gT
Page 429 and 430: 7.3.3 Wikipedia monthly edits Wikip
Page 431: Sources and Definitions III
Page 434 and 435: 412 1 Institutions THE GLOBAL INNOV
Page 436 and 437: 414 2 Human capital and research TH
Page 438 and 439: 416 3 Infrastructure (continued) TH
Page 440 and 441: 418 4 Market sophistication THE GLO
Page 442 and 443: 420 5 Business sophistication (cont
Page 444 and 445: 422 6 Knowledge and technology outp
Page 449: Technical Notes IV
Page 452 and 453: 430 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 201
Page 455: About the Authors V
Page 462: 440 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 201
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