The Global Innovation Index 2012

Key indicators
population (millions) .................................................................................... 1.5
GDp per capita, ppp$ ........................................................................... 16,021.5
GDp (uS$ billions) ....................................................................................... 16.7
Score (0–100)
or value (hard data) rank
Global Innovation Index 2012 (out of 141)......................... 26.5 106
Innovation Output Sub-Index ........................................................................................... 22.2 106
Innovation Input Sub-Index .............................................................................................. 30.7 112
Innovation Efficiency Index ................................................................................................. 0.7 76
Global Innovation Index 2011 (out of 125) .............................................................................. n/a
GII 2012 rank among GII 2011 economies (125) ...................................................................... n/a
1 Institutions ....................................................43.0 106
1.1 Political environment ............................................................52.6 80
1.1.1 Political stability*....................................................................................70.6 55 l
1.1.2 Government effectiveness* ............................................................18.5 125
1.1.3 Press freedom* ........................................................................................68.6 80
1.2 Regulatory environment .......................................................60.8 88
1.2.1 Regulatory quality* ..............................................................................36.1 116
1.2.2 Rule of law* ...............................................................................................34.1 95
1.2.3 Cost of redundancy dismissal, salary weeks ........................14.8 66
1.3 Business environment ...........................................................15.5 130
1.3.1 Ease of starting a business* ............................................................10.0 126
1.3.2 Ease of resolving insolvency* ........................................................10.0 126
1.3.3 Ease of paying taxes* ..........................................................................26.6 103
2 Human capital & research ..........................29.8 93
2.1 Education ..................................................................................40.4 106
2.1.1 Current expenditure on education, % GNI ..............................3.1 104
2.1.2 Public expenditure/pupil, % GDP/cap .......................................n/a n/a
2.1.3 School life expectancy, years .........................................................13.0 72
2.1.4 PISA scales in reading, maths, & science ..................................n/a n/a
2.1.5 Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary ........................................................n/a n/a
2.2 Tertiary education ..................................................................40.6 50 l
2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment, % gross ..............................................................n/a n/a
2.2.2 Graduates in science & engineering, % ....................................n/a n/a
2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility, % ............................................................n/a n/a
2.2.4 Gross tertiary outbound enrolment, % ......................................3.7 21 l
2.3 Research & development (R&D) ............................................ 8.6 130
2.3.1 Researchers, headcounts/mn pop. .........................................359.4 76
2.3.2 Gross expenditure on R&D, % GDP ...............................................0.6 47
2.3.3 Quality of scientific research institutions† ..............................n/a n/a
3 Infrastructure................................................24.3 108
3.1 Information & communication technologies (ICT) ........16.2 116
3.1.1 ICT access* .................................................................................................32.6 93
3.1.2 ICT use* ..........................................................................................................2.5 124
3.1.3 Government’s online service* .......................................................19.0 134
3.1.4 E-participation*.......................................................................................10.5 93
3.2 General infrastructure ...........................................................28.6 109
3.2.1 Electricity output, kWh/cap ..................................................... 1,129.5 90
3.2.2 Electricity consumption, kWh/cap ..........................................924.1 94
3.2.3 Quality of trade & transport infrastructure* .........................27.3 111
3.2.4 Gross capital formation, % GDP ...................................................25.9 35 l
3.3 Ecological sustainability .......................................................28.2 79
3.3.1 GDP/unit of energy use, 2000 PPP$/kg oil eq .......................4.9 76
3.3.2 Environmental performance*........................................................57.9 39 l
3.3.3 ISO 14001 environmental certificates/bn PPP$ GDP ........0.1 119
4 Market sophistication .................................19.2 137
4.1 Credit ........................................................................................... 3.8 135
4.1.1 Ease of getting credit* .......................................................................10.9 120
4.1.2 Domestic credit to private sector, % GDP ................................8.2 139
4.1.3 Microfinance gross loans, % GDP ..................................................0.0 84
Gabon
4.2 Investment .................................................................................. 3.6 129
4.2.1 Ease of protecting investors* ............................................................7.1 123
4.2.2 Market capitalization, % GDP...........................................................n/a n/a
4.2.3 Total value of stocks traded, % GDP ............................................n/a n/a
4.2.4 Venture capital deals/tr PPP$ GDP ................................................0.0 65
4.3 Trade & competition ..............................................................50.2 124
4.3.1 Applied tariff rate, weighted mean, % .....................................14.5 134
4.3.2 Non-agricultural mkt access weighted tariff, % ....................0.5 56
4.3.3 Imports of goods & services, % GDP ........................................31.3 102
4.3.4 Exports of goods & services, % GDP .........................................52.3 42 l
4.3.5 Intensity of local competition† ......................................................n/a n/a
5 Business sophistication ..............................37.2 78
5.1 Knowledge workers ................................................................34.0 109
5.1.1 Knowledge-intensive employment, % ......................................n/a n/a
5.1.2 Firms offering formal training, % firms ....................................30.9 63
5.1.3 R&D performed by business, % ......................................................n/a n/a
5.1.4 R&D financed by business, % ........................................................29.3 52
5.1.5 GMAT mean score ..............................................................................395.0 132
5.1.6 GMAT test takers/mn pop. 20–34 ...............................................44.8 83
5.2 Innovation linkages ...............................................................28.1 109
5.2.1 University/industry research collaboration† ..........................n/a n/a
5.2.2 State of cluster development† .......................................................n/a n/a
5.2.3 R&D financed by abroad, % ...............................................................3.1 69
5.2.4 JV–strategic alliance deals/tr PPP$ GDP ....................................0.0 114
5.2.5 PCT patent filings with foreign inventor, % .......................100.0 1 l
5.3 Knowledge absorption ..........................................................49.5 19 l
5.3.1 Royalty & license fees payments/th GDP .................................n/a n/a
5.3.2 High-tech imports less re-imports, % ........................................n/a n/a
5.3.3 Computer & comm. service imports, % ..................................35.2 53
5.3.4 FDI net inflows, % GDP .........................................................................1.3 102
6 Knowledge & technology outputs ...........32.3 52 l
6.1 Knowledge creation ...............................................................18.0 87
6.1.1 Domestic resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP ...........................0.2 98
6.1.2 PCT resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP ........................................0.1 63
6.1.3 Domestic res utility model ap/bn PPP$ GDP ........................n/a n/a
6.1.4 Scientific & technical articles/bn PPP$ GDP ............................0.9 118
6.2 Knowledge impact .................................................................23.2 107
6.2.1 Growth rate of PPP$ GDP/worker, % ..........................................n/a n/a
6.2.2 New businesses/th pop. 15–64 .......................................................4.3 24 l
6.2.3 Computer software spending, % GDP .......................................n/a n/a
6.2.4 ISO 9001 quality certificates/bn PPP$ GDP .............................0.8 117
6.3 Knowledge diffusion ..............................................................55.6 15 l
6.3.1 Royalty & license fees receipts/th GDP......................................n/a n/a
6.3.2 High-tech exports less re-exports, %..........................................n/a n/a
6.3.3 Computer & comm. service exports, % ..................................46.2 28 l
6.3.4 FDI net outflows, % GDP .....................................................................0.9 43 l
7 Creative outputs ..........................................12.1 135
7.1 Creative intangibles ................................................................ n/a n/a
7.1.1 Domestic res trademark reg/bn PPP$ GDP ............................n/a n/a
7.1.2 Madrid resident trademark reg/bn PPP$ GDP ......................n/a n/a
7.1.3 ICT & business model creation† ....................................................n/a n/a
7.1.4 ICT & organizational model creation† .......................................n/a n/a
7.2 Creative goods & services .....................................................10.7 97
7.2.1 Recreation & culture consumption, % .......................................n/a n/a
7.2.2 National feature films/mn pop. 15–69........................................6.6 15 l
7.2.3 Paid-for dailies, circulation/th pop. 15–69 .............................22.1 102
7.2.4 Creative goods exports, % ..................................................................0.0 133
7.2.5 Creative services exports, % .............................................................n/a n/a
7.3 Online creativity ......................................................................13.6 99
7.3.1 Generic top-level domains (TLDs)/th pop. 15–69 ...............2.1 82
7.3.2 Country-code TLDs/th pop. 15–69 ...............................................4.5 107
7.3.3 Wikipedia monthly edits/mn pop. 15–69 ................................n/a n/a
7.3.4 Video uploads on YouTube/pop. 15–69 .................................34.1 103
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THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 I: Country/Economy Profiles