The Global Innovation Index 2012

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354 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 II: Data Tables 3.3.1 GDP per unit of energy use GDP per unit of energy use (2000 PPP$ per kg of oil equivalent) | 2009 rank country/Economy value Score (0–100) percent rank 1 Hong Kong (China). ................16.03 ..........100.00.......... 1.00 l 2 Colombia ......................... 13.23 ............81.38..........0.99 l 3 Dominican Republic .............. 13.04............80.12.......... 0.98 l 4 Peru. ...............................12.35 ............75.51.......... 0.98 l 5 Morocco ...........................11.59 ............70.47.......... 0.97 l 6 Philippines .........................11.57 ............70.38..........0.96 l 7 Bangladesh ........................11.16 ............67.63.......... 0.95 l 8 Sri Lanka ...........................11.00 ............66.57..........0.94 l 9 Namibia. ...........................10.98 ............66.40.......... 0.93 l 10 Albania. ............................10.57............63.70.......... 0.93 l 11 Uruguay .......................... 10.34............62.17.......... 0.92 l 12 Switzerland (2010) .................10.18 ............61.12.......... 0.91 13 Tunisia ..............................9.82............58.73..........0.90 l 14 Panama .............................9.80............58.60..........0.89 l 15 Malta................................9.67............57.72..........0.89 16 Costa Rica. ..........................9.49............56.49..........0.88 l 17 Greece (2010) .......................9.40............55.90..........0.87 l 18 Ireland (2010) .......................9.35............55.61..........0.86 19 Botswana ...........................9.22............54.69..........0.85 l 20 Israel ................................8.92............52.72..........0.85 21 Cambodia. ..........................8.79............51.83..........0.84 l 22 Italy (2010) ..........................8.78............51.78..........0.83 23 United Kingdom (2010) .............8.64............50.82..........0.82 24 Argentina ...........................8.42............49.37.......... 0.81 l 25 Denmark (2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8.36............49.00..........0.80 26 Portugal (2010). .....................8.24........... 48.22..........0.80 27 Spain (2010) .........................8.22........... 48.04.......... 0.79 28 Turkey (2010) ........................8.20............47.95.......... 0.78 l 29 Austria (2010) .......................8.12 ............47.37..........0.77 30 Singapore. ..........................7.94 ............46.17.......... 0.76 31 Senegal .............................7.69 ............44.51.......... 0.76 l 32 Luxembourg (2010) .................7.52 ............43.39.......... 0.75 33 Croatia ..............................7.26 ............41.65...........0.74 34 Honduras ...........................7.24 ............41.55.......... 0.73 l 35 Japan (2010). ........................7.13 ............40.79.......... 0.72 36 Cyprus ..............................7.02 ........... 40.06.......... 0.72 37 Germany (2010) .....................7.01 ............40.02.......... 0.71 38 Mexico (2010) .......................6.97............39.76.......... 0.70 l 39 Brazil ................................6.88............39.13..........0.69 40 Chile ................................6.81............38.69.......... 0.67 40 El Salvador ..........................6.81............38.69.......... 0.67 42 Ghana. ..............................6.79............38.57.......... 0.67 l 43 India ................................6.76............38.32..........0.66 44 France (2010). .......................6.54............36.91..........0.65 45 Slovenia. ............................6.44............36.24..........0.64 46 Netherlands (2010) ..................6.42............36.10..........0.63 47 Latvia ...............................6.42............36.07..........0.63 48 Azerbaijan ..........................6.39............35.85..........0.62 49 Nicaragua. ..........................6.34............35.56.......... 0.61 l 50 Guatemala ..........................6.20........... 34.64..........0.60 51 Norway (2010). ......................6.13 ............34.18.......... 0.59 52 Paraguay. ...........................6.03............33.47.......... 0.59 53 Armenia. ............................6.01............33.35..........0.58 54 Sweden (2010) ......................5.97............33.06..........0.57 55 Hungary (2010). .....................5.87............32.39..........0.56 56 Poland (2010) .......................5.82............32.09.......... 0.55 57 Romania ............................5.81............32.03..........0.54 58 New Zealand (2010) .................5.76............31.67..........0.54 59 Sudan. ..............................5.75............31.60.......... 0.53 l 60 Australia (2010). .....................5.74 ............31.54.......... 0.52 61 Belgium (2010) ......................5.71............31.36.......... 0.51 62 Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.69............31.23..........0.50 63 Bosnia and Herzegovina ............5.56............30.39..........0.50 64 Slovakia (2010) ......................5.49............29.86.......... 0.49 65 Lithuania. ...........................5.48............29.84..........0.48 66 Cameroon ..........................5.43............29.47.......... 0.47 l 67 China ...............................5.40............29.31..........0.46 68 Macedonia, FYR .....................5.38............29.16..........0.46 69 Thailand ............................5.33............28.81.......... 0.45 70 Ecuador .............................5.30............28.62..........0.44 71 United States of America (2010) .....5.23............28.15.......... 0.43 72 Georgia .............................5.09............27.22.......... 0.42 rank country/Economy value Score (0–100) percent rank 73 Egypt ...............................5.03............26.83...........0.41 74 Czech Republic (2010) ..............4.98............26.50...........0.41 75 Korea, Rep. (2010) ...................4.91............26.06..........0.40 76 Gabon ..............................4.89............25.90..........0.39 77 Jordan ..............................4.75............24.96..........0.38 78 Viet Nam ............................4.67............24.43.......... 0.37 79 Indonesia ...........................4.65............24.28.......... 0.37 80 Pakistan.............................4.62............24.08..........0.36 81 Angola ..............................4.53............23.50..........0.34 81 Nepal ...............................4.53............23.50..........0.34 83 Malaysia.............................4.48............23.17.......... 0.33 84 Bolivia, Plurinational St. .............4.46............23.04.......... 0.33 85 Finland (2010) .......................4.46............23.03.......... 0.32 86 Bulgaria .............................4.28............21.85.......... 0.31 87 Canada (2010).......................4.12 ............20.79..........0.30 88 Estonia ..............................4.03............20.20..........0.29 89 Lebanon ............................3.90............19.28..........0.28 90 Tajikistan ............................3.81............18.70..........0.28 91 South Africa.........................3.67............17.75..........0.27 92 Kyrgyzstan ..........................3.65............17.66..........0.26 93 Jamaica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.55............16.98..........0.25 94 Moldova, Rep........................3.53............16.87.......... 0.24 95 Belarus ..............................3.48............16.53.......... 0.24 96 Syrian Arab Rep......................3.48............16.51..........0.23 97 Togo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.41 ............16.04..........0.22 98 Ethiopia .............................3.37............15.80.......... 0.21 99 Mozambique........................3.29............15.28..........0.20 100 Oman ...............................3.25............15.01..........0.20 101 Benin ...............................2.90............12.66...........0.19 102 Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. ..........2.86............12.38...........0.18 103 Côte d’Ivoire ........................2.78............11.89...........0.17 104 Yemen ..............................2.75............11.66...........0.16 105 Iran, Islamic Rep. ....................2.67............11.15...........0.15 106 Brunei Darussalam ..................2.60............10.69...........0.15 107 Ukraine .............................2.50.............9.97...........0.14 108 Kuwait ..............................2.40.............9.33...........0.13 109 Kenya ...............................2.40.............9.31...........0.12 110 Russian Federation..................2.37.............9.10...........0.11 111 Saudi Arabia ........................2.36.............9.04...........0.11 112 Serbia ...............................2.29.............8.62...........0.10 113 Mongolia ...........................2.29.............8.61..........0.09 114 Zimbabwe ..........................2.08.............7.20..........0.08 115 Kazakhstan..........................2.03.............6.85.......... 0.07 116 United Arab Emirates ...............1.96 .............6.39.......... 0.07 117 Bahrain..............................1.89.............5.95..........0.06 118 Iceland (2010) .......................1.89.............5.91..........0.05 119 Zambia .............................1.71 .............4.77..........0.04 120 Nigeria ..............................1.66 .............4.42.......... 0.03 121 Tanzania, United Rep. ...............1.61 .............4.06.......... 0.02 122 Qatar................................1.53.............3.55.......... 0.02 123 Uzbekistan ..........................1.36.............2.43.......... 0.01 124 Trinidad and Tobago ................1.00 .............0.00..........0.00 n/a Belize ............................... n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Burkina Faso ........................ n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Burundi ............................. n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Fiji................................... n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Gambia ............................. n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Guyana ............................. n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Lao PDR............................. n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Lesotho ............................. n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Madagascar......................... n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Malawi .............................. n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Mauritius............................ n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Montenegro ........................ n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Niger................................ n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Rwanda ............................. n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Swaziland ........................... n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Uganda ............................. n/a..............n/a...........n/a SOURCE: International Energy Agency, World Energy Balances online data service (2009–10)
3.3.2 Environmental performance Environmental performance index* | 2010 rank country/Economy value Score (0–100) percent rank 1 Switzerland ....................... 76.69............76.69.......... 1.00 l 2 Latvia ............................. 70.37............70.37..........0.99 l 3 Norway ............................69.92............69.92.......... 0.98 l 4 Luxembourg ...................... 69.20............69.20.......... 0.98 l 5 Costa Rica......................... 69.03............69.03.......... 0.97 l 6 France ............................ 69.00............69.00..........0.96 l 7 Austria ............................ 68.92............68.92.......... 0.95 l 8 Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.90............68.90..........0.94 l 9 United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.82............68.82.......... 0.93 10 Sweden ...........................68.82............68.82.......... 0.93 11 Germany .......................... 66.91............66.91.......... 0.92 12 Slovakia ...........................66.62............66.62.......... 0.91 l 13 Iceland ............................66.28............66.28..........0.90 14 New Zealand......................66.05............66.05..........0.89 15 Albania............................ 65.85............65.85..........0.88 l 16 Netherlands....................... 65.65............65.65..........0.88 17 Lithuania.......................... 65.50............65.50..........0.87 l 18 Czech Republic ................... 64.79............64.79..........0.86 19 Finland............................64.44........... 64.44..........0.85 20 Croatia .............................64.16 ............64.16..........0.84 l 21 Denmark...........................63.61 ............63.61..........0.83 22 Poland .............................63.47............63.47..........0.83 l 23 Japan ............................. 63.36............63.36..........0.82 24 Belgium........................... 63.02............63.02.......... 0.81 25 Malaysia............................62.51 ............62.51..........0.80 26 Brunei Darussalam ................ 62.49............62.49.......... 0.79 27 Colombia ......................... 62.33............62.33.......... 0.79 28 Slovenia...........................62.25............62.25.......... 0.78 29 Brazil ..............................60.90............60.90..........0.77 l 30 Ecuador ........................... 60.55............60.55.......... 0.76 l 31 Spain.............................. 60.31............60.31.......... 0.75 32 Greece ............................60.04........... 60.04...........0.74 33 Thailand ...........................59.98............59.98...........0.74 34 Nicaragua......................... 59.23............59.23.......... 0.73 l 35 Ireland ............................58.69............58.69.......... 0.72 36 Canada.............................58.41 ............58.41.......... 0.71 37 Nepal ..............................57.97 ............57.97.......... 0.70 l 38 Panama ............................57.94 ............57.94..........0.69 39 Gabon .............................57.91 ............57.91..........0.69 l 40 Portugal ...........................57.64 ............57.64..........0.68 41 Philippines .........................57.40 ............57.40.......... 0.67 l 42 Korea, Rep. .........................57.20............57.20..........0.66 43 Cyprus .............................57.15 ............57.15..........0.65 44 Hungary ...........................57.12 ............57.12..........0.64 45 Uruguay ...........................57.06 ............57.06..........0.64 46 Georgia ...........................56.84........... 56.84..........0.63 47 Australia .......................... 56.61............56.61..........0.62 48 United States of America.......... 56.59............56.59.......... 0.61 49 Argentina .........................56.48............56.48..........0.60 50 Singapore.........................56.36............56.36..........0.60 51 Bulgaria ...........................56.28............56.28.......... 0.59 52 Estonia ............................56.09............56.09..........0.58 53 Sri Lanka ...........................55.72............55.72..........0.57 54 Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. .........55.62............55.62..........0.56 55 Zambia ........................... 55.56............55.56.......... 0.55 56 Chile .............................. 55.34............55.34.......... 0.55 57 Cambodia......................... 55.29............55.29..........0.54 58 Egypt ..............................55.18 ............55.18.......... 0.53 59 Israel ..............................54.64........... 54.64.......... 0.52 60 Bolivia, Plurinational St. ........... 54.57............54.57.......... 0.51 61 Jamaica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.36............54.36..........0.50 62 Tanzania, United Rep. .............54.26............54.26..........0.50 63 Belarus ............................53.88............53.88.......... 0.49 64 Botswana ..........................53.74 ............53.74..........0.48 65 Côte d’Ivoire ...................... 53.55............53.55.......... 0.47 l 66 Zimbabwe .........................52.76............52.76..........0.46 67 Ethiopia ............................52.71............52.71.......... 0.45 68 Honduras ......................... 52.54............52.54.......... 0.45 69 Dominican Republic ..............52.44............52.44..........0.44 70 Paraguay.......................... 52.40............52.40.......... 0.43 71 Indonesia ......................... 52.29............52.29.......... 0.42 72 El Salvador ........................ 52.08............52.08...........0.41 rank country/Economy value Score (0–100) percent rank 73 Guatemala .........................51.88 ............51.88..........0.40 74 United Arab Emirates ..............50.91............50.91..........0.40 75 Namibia...........................50.68............50.68..........0.39 76 Viet Nam ..........................50.64............50.64..........0.38 77 Benin .............................50.38............50.38.......... 0.37 78 Peru...............................50.29............50.29..........0.36 79 Saudi Arabia .......................49.97............49.97..........0.36 80 Kenya ............................. 49.28............49.28.......... 0.35 81 Mexico .............................49.11 ............49.11..........0.34 82 Togo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.66........... 48.66.......... 0.33 83 Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.56............48.56.......... 0.32 84 Malta.............................. 48.51 ............48.51.......... 0.31 85 Romania ..........................48.34........... 48.34.......... 0.31 86 Mozambique.......................47.82 ............47.82..........0.30 87 Angola .............................47.57 ............47.57..........0.29 88 Ghana..............................47.50............47.50..........0.28 89 Armenia............................47.48 ............47.48..........0.27 90 Lebanon ...........................47.35 ............47.35..........0.26 91 Trinidad and Tobago ...............47.04 ............47.04..........0.26 92 Macedonia, FYR ...................46.96............46.96..........0.25 93 Senegal ...........................46.73............46.73.......... 0.24 94 Tunisia ............................46.66........... 46.66..........0.23 95 Qatar..............................46.59............46.59..........0.22 96 Kyrgyzstan ........................46.33............46.33.......... 0.21 97 Ukraine ........................... 46.31 ............46.31.......... 0.21 98 Serbia ..............................46.14 ............46.14..........0.20 99 Sudan.............................46.00........... 46.00...........0.19 100 Morocco ...........................45.76............45.76...........0.18 101 Russian Federation.................45.43............45.43...........0.17 102 Mongolia ..........................45.37............45.37...........0.17 103 Moldova, Rep.......................45.21............45.21...........0.16 104 Turkey.............................44.80........... 44.80...........0.15 105 Oman .............................44.00........... 44.00...........0.14 106 Azerbaijan .........................43.11 ............43.11...........0.13 107 Cameroon .........................42.97............42.97...........0.12 108 Syrian Arab Rep.....................42.75............42.75...........0.12 109 Iran, Islamic Rep. .................. 42.73............42.73...........0.11 110 Bangladesh ........................42.55............42.55...........0.10 111 China ..............................42.24............42.24..........0.09 112 Jordan .............................42.16 ............42.16..........0.08 113 Nigeria .............................40.14 ............40.14.......... 0.07 114 Pakistan........................... 39.56............39.56.......... 0.07 115 Tajikistan .......................... 38.78............38.78..........0.06 116 Bosnia and Herzegovina .......... 36.76............36.76..........0.05 117 India ..............................36.23............36.23..........0.04 118 Kuwait ............................ 35.54............35.54.......... 0.03 119 Yemen .............................35.49............35.49.......... 0.02 120 South Africa....................... 34.55............34.55.......... 0.02 121 Kazakhstan........................ 32.94............32.94.......... 0.01 122 Uzbekistan .........................32.24............32.24..........0.00 n/a Bahrain.............................. n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Belize ............................... n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Burkina Faso ........................ n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Burundi ............................. n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Fiji................................... n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Gambia ............................. n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Guyana ............................. n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Hong Kong (China).................. n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Lao PDR............................. n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Lesotho ............................. n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Madagascar......................... n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Malawi .............................. n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Mauritius............................ n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Montenegro ........................ n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Niger................................ n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Rwanda ............................. n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Swaziland ........................... n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Uganda ............................. n/a..............n/a...........n/a SOURCE: Yale University and Columbia University Environmental Performance Index 2012 355 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 II: Data Tables
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The Global Innovation Index 2012 St
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The Global Innovation Index 2012: S
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iv THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
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vi THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
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Foreword The Coherence Premium in I
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cONTrIBuTOrS Contributors to the Re
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Rankings
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Global Innovation Index rankings (c
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cHApTEr 1 The Global Innovation Ind
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The GII helps to create an environm
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4. The Innovation Efficiency Index
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Table 1: Global Innovation Index ra
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Table 2: Innovation Input Sub-Index
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Table 3: Innovation Output Sub-Inde
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Box 1: A spotlight on the United St
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Figure 2: Innovation Output Sub-Ind
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Malta is ranked 16th in the GII 201
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Figure 3: Global Innovation Index v
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Table 5a: Innovation Efficiency Ind
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Figure 4: GII scores v. GDP per cap
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Table 5c: Innovation Efficiency Ind
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Figure 5: Average scores for select
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performances on key indicators and
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pillars, however, place it among th
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eflect the situation of the countri
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PPP$ 3,354.8 Viet Nam has a very go
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6. Northern America continues to be
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Freeman, C., and L. Soete. 2007.
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44 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
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cHApTEr 3 Academia-Industry Innovat
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Intel, Microsoft, Motorola, Nokia,
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Figure 2: Intermediary university-i
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the best combinations of foreign te
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cHApTEr 5 The Role of Coherent Link
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Figure 1: Innovation policy framewo
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which is good. However, the role of
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Box 1: Strengthening the innovation
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Figure 4: Conceptual framework for
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Box 2: Saudi Arabia: Linking innova
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cHApTEr 6 The Russian Federation: A
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Figure 2: Expenditure on technologi
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in pharmaceuticals, computers, tele
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financial sustainability, and the v
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ex-territorial innovation centre wi
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cHApTEr 7 Shaping the National Inno
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Table 1: Idea-to-market curve 1. po
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is around 8%—very low, even compa
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culture, environment, and economy.1
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13 See the Department of Biotechnol
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cHApTEr 8 An Integrated Policy Appr
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institutions in developing countrie
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egan to publish monographs on STI p
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cHApTEr 9 Broadband, Inevitable Inn
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Figure 1: Global ICT developments,
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Figure 3: Global fixed and mobile b
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Figure 4: Evolution of ICT-innovati
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cHApTEr 10 The Internet: An Unprece
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egularly update their pages and sha
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Google’s anti-SOPA page, resultin
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cHApTEr 11 We Are All Content Creat
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Table 1: Models of creative industr
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than any single major recording lab
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Pélissié du Rausas, M., J. Manyik
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Country/Economy Profiles I
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Page 343 and 344: THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 II
Page 345 and 346: Index of Data Tables 1 Institutions
Page 347 and 348: 1.1.1 Political stability and absen
Page 349 and 350: 1.1.3 Press freedom Press freedom i
Page 351 and 352: 1.2.2 Rule of law Rule of law index
Page 353 and 354: 1.3.1 Ease of starting a business E
Page 355 and 356: 1.3.3 Ease of paying taxes Ease of
Page 357 and 358: 2.1.2 Public expenditure on educati
Page 359 and 360: 2.1.4 Assessment in reading, mathem
Page 361 and 362: 2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment School enr
Page 363 and 364: 2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility Ter
Page 365 and 366: 2.3.1 Researchers Researchers, head
Page 367 and 368: 2.3.3 Quality of scientific researc
Page 369 and 370: 3.1.2 ICT use ICT use index* | 2010
Page 371 and 372: 3.1.4 Online e-participation E-part
Page 373 and 374: 3.2.2 Electricity consumption Elect
Page 375: 3.2.4 Gross capital formation Gross
Page 379 and 380: 4.1.1 Ease of getting credit Ease o
Page 381 and 382: 4.1.3 Microfinance institutions’
Page 383 and 384: 4.2.2 Market capitalization Market
Page 385 and 386: 4.2.4 Venture capital deals Venture
Page 387 and 388: 4.3.2 Market access for non-agricul
Page 389 and 390: 4.3.4 Exports of goods and services
Page 391 and 392: 5.1.1 Employment in knowledge-inten
Page 393 and 394: 5.1.3 GERD performed by business en
Page 395 and 396: 5.1.5 GMAT mean score Weighted mean
Page 397 and 398: 5.2.1 University/industry research
Page 399 and 400: 5.2.3 GERD financed by abroad GERD:
Page 401 and 402: 5.2.5 Share of patents with foreign
Page 403 and 404: 5.3.2 High-tech imports High-tech n
Page 405 and 406: 5.3.4 Foreign direct investment net
Page 407 and 408: 6.1.2 Patent Cooperation Treaty app
Page 409 and 410: 6.1.4 Scientific and technical jour
Page 411 and 412: 6.2.2 New business density New busi
Page 413 and 414: 6.2.4 ISO 9001 quality certificates
Page 415 and 416: 6.3.2 High-tech exports High-tech n
Page 417 and 418: 6.3.4 Foreign direct investment net
Page 419 and 420: 7.1.2 Madrid Agreement trademark re
Page 421 and 422: 7.1.4 ICT and organizational models
Page 423 and 424: 7.2.2 National feature films produc
Page 425 and 426: 7.2.4 Creative goods exports Creati
Page 427 and 428:
7.3.1 Generic top-level domains (gT
Page 429 and 430:
7.3.3 Wikipedia monthly edits Wikip
Page 431:
Sources and Definitions III
Page 434 and 435:
412 1 Institutions THE GLOBAL INNOV
Page 436 and 437:
414 2 Human capital and research TH
Page 438 and 439:
416 3 Infrastructure (continued) TH
Page 440 and 441:
418 4 Market sophistication THE GLO
Page 442 and 443:
420 5 Business sophistication (cont
Page 444 and 445:
422 6 Knowledge and technology outp
Page 446 and 447:
424 7 Creative outputs (continued)
Page 449:
Technical Notes IV
Page 452 and 453:
Page 455:
About the Authors V
Page 458 and 459:
Page 460 and 461:
Page 462:
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The Global Innovation Index 2012

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