The Global Innovation Index 2012

274
THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 I: Country/Economy Profiles
Oman
Key indicators
population (millions) .................................................................................... 3.1
GDp per capita, ppp$ ........................................................................... 26,272.4
GDp (uS$ billions) ....................................................................................... 66.8
Score (0–100)
or value (hard data) rank
Global Innovation Index 2012 (out of 141)......................... 39.5 47
Innovation Output Sub-Index ........................................................................................... 32.1 55
Innovation Input Sub-Index .............................................................................................. 46.9 42
Innovation Efficiency Index ................................................................................................. 0.7 90
Global Innovation Index 2011 (out of 125) .............................................................................. 57
GII 2012 rank among GII 2011 economies (125) ...................................................................... 45
1 Institutions ....................................................71.9 33 l
1.1 Political environment ............................................................64.8 50
1.1.1 Political stability*....................................................................................81.9 32 l
1.1.2 Government effectiveness* ............................................................56.3 45
1.1.3 Press freedom* ........................................................................................56.1 92
1.2 Regulatory environment .......................................................82.5 32 l
1.2.1 Regulatory quality* ..............................................................................64.6 49
1.2.2 Rule of law* ...............................................................................................65.5 40
1.2.3 Cost of redundancy dismissal, salary weeks ...........................8.0 1 l
1.3 Business environment ...........................................................68.3 33 l
1.3.1 Ease of starting a business* ............................................................57.5 60
1.3.2 Ease of resolving insolvency* ........................................................51.7 68
1.3.3 Ease of paying taxes* ..........................................................................95.6 7 l
2 Human capital & research ..........................48.1 36 l
2.1 Education ..................................................................................49.3 75
2.1.1 Current expenditure on education, % GNI ..............................4.2 66
2.1.2 Public expenditure/pupil, % GDP/cap .....................................16.0 86
2.1.3 School life expectancy, years .........................................................13.5 59
2.1.4 PISA scales in reading, maths, & science ..................................n/a n/a
2.1.5 Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary ......................................................14.8 67
2.2 Tertiary education ..................................................................49.0 21 l
2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment, % gross ............................................................24.5 81
2.2.2 Graduates in science & engineering, % ..................................38.9 2 l
2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility, % .............................................................2.3 52
2.2.4 Gross tertiary outbound enrolment, % ......................................1.6 57
2.3 Research & development (R&D) ..........................................45.9 26 l
2.3.1 Researchers, headcounts/mn pop. ..............................................n/a n/a
2.3.2 Gross expenditure on R&D, % GDP ..............................................n/a n/a
2.3.3 Quality of scientific research institutions† ............................45.9 59
3 Infrastructure................................................38.3 51
3.1 Information & communication technologies (ICT) ........46.7 45
3.1.1 ICT access* .................................................................................................50.0 56
3.1.2 ICT use* .......................................................................................................25.5 51
3.1.3 Government’s online service* .......................................................66.7 35 l
3.1.4 E-participation*.......................................................................................44.7 36
3.2 General infrastructure ...........................................................47.0 30 l
3.2.1 Electricity output, kWh/cap ..................................................... 6,182.1 35
3.2.2 Electricity consumption, kWh/cap ...................................... 5,456.6 38
3.2.3 Quality of trade & transport infrastructure* .........................51.5 39
3.2.4 Gross capital formation, % GDP ...................................................29.6 20 l
3.3 Ecological sustainability .......................................................21.2 108
3.3.1 GDP/unit of energy use, 2000 PPP$/kg oil eq .......................3.3 100
3.3.2 Environmental performance*........................................................44.0 105
3.3.3 ISO 14001 environmental certificates/bn PPP$ GDP ........0.6 73
4 Market sophistication .................................32.6 100
4.1 Credit .........................................................................................15.1 110
4.1.1 Ease of getting credit* .......................................................................15.3 112
4.1.2 Domestic credit to private sector, % GDP .............................48.2 65
4.1.3 Microfinance gross loans, % GDP .................................................n/a n/a
4.2 Investment ................................................................................14.2 102
4.2.1 Ease of protecting investors* .........................................................35.9 76
4.2.2 Market capitalization, % GDP.........................................................36.9 57
4.2.3 Total value of stocks traded, % GDP ..........................................12.4 47
4.2.4 Venture capital deals/tr PPP$ GDP ................................................0.0 65
4.3 Trade & competition ..............................................................68.6 38
4.3.1 Applied tariff rate, weighted mean, % ........................................3.2 55
4.3.2 Non-agricultural mkt access weighted tariff, % ....................1.0 70
4.3.3 Imports of goods & services, % GDP ........................................41.5 67
4.3.4 Exports of goods & services, % GDP .........................................52.6 39
4.3.5 Intensity of local competition† ....................................................68.3 52
5 Business sophistication ..............................43.8 47
5.1 Knowledge workers ................................................................29.3 116
5.1.1 Knowledge-intensive employment, % ......................................n/a n/a
5.1.2 Firms offering formal training, % firms ....................................20.9 89
5.1.3 R&D performed by business, % ......................................................n/a n/a
5.1.4 R&D financed by business, % ..........................................................n/a n/a
5.1.5 GMAT mean score ..............................................................................406.6 125
5.1.6 GMAT test takers/mn pop. 20–34 ...............................................52.5 77
5.2 Innovation linkages ...............................................................66.0 4 l
5.2.1 University/industry research collaboration† ........................46.3 53
5.2.2 State of cluster development† .....................................................51.8 32 l
5.2.3 R&D financed by abroad, % ..............................................................n/a n/a
5.2.4 JV–strategic alliance deals/tr PPP$ GDP ..............................191.0 1 l
5.2.5 PCT patent filings with foreign inventor, % .......................100.0 1 l
5.3 Knowledge absorption ..........................................................36.2 64
5.3.1 Royalty & license fees payments/th GDP .................................n/a n/a
5.3.2 High-tech imports less re-imports, % .........................................4.9 105
5.3.3 Computer & comm. service imports, % ..................................34.0 62
5.3.4 FDI net inflows, % GDP .........................................................................3.2 52
6 Knowledge & technology outputs ...........26.8 67
6.1 Knowledge creation ...............................................................22.8 66
6.1.1 Domestic resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP ..........................n/a n/a
6.1.2 PCT resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP ........................................0.1 89
6.1.3 Domestic res utility model ap/bn PPP$ GDP ........................n/a n/a
6.1.4 Scientific & technical articles/bn PPP$ GDP ............................1.6 94
6.2 Knowledge impact .................................................................32.0 74
6.2.1 Growth rate of PPP$ GDP/worker, % ...........................................2.0 75
6.2.2 New businesses/th pop. 15–64 .......................................................1.7 50
6.2.3 Computer software spending, % GDP .......................................n/a n/a
6.2.4 ISO 9001 quality certificates/bn PPP$ GDP .............................5.2 67
6.3 Knowledge diffusion ..............................................................25.8 70
6.3.1 Royalty & license fees receipts/th GDP......................................n/a n/a
6.3.2 High-tech exports less re-exports, %...........................................0.1 114
6.3.3 Computer & comm. service exports, % ..................................21.3 89
6.3.4 FDI net outflows, % GDP .....................................................................0.2 73
7 Creative outputs ..........................................37.3 41
7.1 Creative intangibles ...............................................................64.4 8 l
7.1.1 Domestic res trademark reg/bn PPP$ GDP ............................n/a n/a
7.1.2 Madrid resident trademark reg/bn PPP$ GDP ......................n/a n/a
7.1.3 ICT & business model creation† ..................................................58.7 42
7.1.4 ICT & organizational model creation† .....................................70.1 10 l
7.2 Creative goods & services ....................................................... 7.4 115
7.2.1 Recreation & culture consumption, % .......................................n/a n/a
7.2.2 National feature films/mn pop. 15–69........................................0.0 100
7.2.3 Paid-for dailies, circulation/th pop. 15–69 ..........................143.4 40
7.2.4 Creative goods exports, % ..................................................................0.2 106
7.2.5 Creative services exports, % .............................................................n/a n/a
7.3 Online creativity ......................................................................12.9 102
7.3.1 Generic top-level domains (TLDs)/th pop. 15–69 ...............1.2 95
7.3.2 Country-code TLDs/th pop. 15–69 ...............................................0.3 132
7.3.3 Wikipedia monthly edits/mn pop. 15–69 ...........................294.6 89
7.3.4 Video uploads on YouTube/pop. 15–69 .................................48.8 81