The Global Innovation Index 2012

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62 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 1: The GII Conceptual Framework Table 2f: Knowledge and technology outputs pillar Knowledge and technology outputs Knowledge creation Knowledge impact Knowledge diffusion country/Economy Score (0–100) rank Score rank Score rank Score rank Switzerland 72.0 1 99.7 1 57.2 7 59.0 11 Sweden 67.9 2 84.6 2 49.1 21 70.0 5 Singapore 64.9 3 49.3 25 67.9 3 77.5 1 finland 62.9 4 71.1 8 46.5 27 71.0 4 china 61.8 5 76.1 4 60.4 6 48.9 23 Ireland 60.9 6 54.2 20 51.9 16 76.6 2 Netherlands 59.4 7 66.2 10 50.2 19 61.7 7 united Kingdom 57.6 8 63.2 13 55.3 11 54.3 16 Korea, rep. 57.5 9 81.5 3 40.0 43 50.9 20 Israel 57.2 10 72.9 6 40.8 41 57.8 12 united States of America 56.1 11 66.8 9 45.0 31 56.3 13 Germany 54.9 12 71.1 7 42.0 40 51.5 18 Estonia 53.8 13 55.3 18 70.4 2 35.6 39 Malta 53.1 14 35.8 37 55.4 10 67.9 6 Japan 51.7 15 62.5 14 36.4 57 56.3 14 Denmark 51.5 16 64.4 11 48.7 22 41.5 30 Belgium 50.6 17 57.7 15 43.0 37 51.2 19 Luxembourg 49.8 18 50.3 23 40.0 44 59.2 10 New Zealand 49.2 19 75.7 5 47.6 23 24.3 77 czech republic 48.4 20 46.2 27 61.8 4 37.3 35 Hungary 46.8 21 34.9 40 55.1 12 50.5 22 canada 46.4 22 56.5 16 42.8 38 39.9 32 france 45.5 23 45.5 30 40.4 42 50.7 21 Iceland 45.5 24 64.4 12 55.0 13 17.0 114 cyprus 44.7 25 36.4 36 60.9 5 36.7 36 Norway 42.1 26 55.7 17 37.1 53 33.4 46 Slovenia 41.7 27 49.0 26 47.4 24 28.7 58 Austria 41.4 28 50.8 22 38.9 48 34.4 42 Serbia 40.0 29 33.9 42 51.8 17 34.5 41 ukraine 39.2 30 53.8 21 33.9 66 29.9 55 Moldova, rep. 38.9 31 54.7 19 34.9 62 27.0 67 russian federation 38.4 32 45.5 29 39.9 45 29.9 56 Spain 38.4 33 39.4 32 46.5 26 29.3 57 Hong Kong (china) 38.4 34 5.7 119 55.9 8 53.5 17 Italy 38.2 35 36.9 35 43.9 34 33.9 45 Malaysia 38.0 36 22.8 65 42.5 39 48.7 24 Latvia 37.8 37 35.8 38 53.1 15 24.5 75 paraguay 36.5 38 1.5 138 47.2 25 60.8 8 Slovakia 36.5 39 31.1 50 50.9 18 27.5 64 Swaziland 35.9 40 32.8 45 30.1 80 44.9 27 Bulgaria 35.7 41 27.3 59 55.5 9 24.2 79 Lithuania 35.3 42 31.6 46 53.6 14 20.9 103 Australia 34.9 43 43.7 31 37.8 50 23.3 83 Belarus 34.5 44 45.5 28 36.6 56 21.3 98 croatia 34.0 45 35.1 39 44.9 33 22.1 91 romania 34.0 46 21.4 71 36.7 55 43.9 28 India 34.0 47 28.9 54 33.8 67 39.2 33 Lebanon 33.9 48 15.2 95 45.5 29 40.9 31 portugal 33.8 49 33.0 44 45.2 30 23.2 85 Thailand 33.5 50 22.0 68 43.2 36 35.5 40 poland 32.9 51 31.1 49 36.0 59 31.7 48 Gabon 32.3 52 18.0 87 23.2 107 55.6 15 Kuwait 32.0 53 5.1 122 18.4 125 72.5 3 Armenia 31.7 54 37.1 34 31.8 75 26.1 69 Brazil 30.5 55 22.7 67 34.9 63 34.1 44 costa rica 30.5 56 12.2 106 37.2 52 42.1 29 Georgia 29.5 57 33.3 43 38.7 49 16.5 118 viet Nam 29.4 58 14.2 101 39.7 46 34.3 43 philippines 28.9 59 14.0 102 26.7 94 46.1 26 Macedonia, fyr 28.8 60 21.4 70 34.7 64 30.2 53 South Africa 28.2 61 30.6 51 35.2 61 18.9 106 chile 27.9 62 23.9 63 37.6 51 22.2 90 Turkey 27.8 63 31.6 47 30.1 81 21.8 92 Belize 27.5 64 27.9 57 22.2 111 32.5 47 Bahrain 27.4 65 19.3 79 39.7 47 23.3 84 Sri Lanka 27.1 66 20.4 75 30.0 82 30.7 52 Oman 26.8 67 22.8 66 32.0 74 25.8 70 Tajikistan 26.7 68 30.5 52 21.2 114 28.3 61 Tunisia 26.7 69 27.8 58 28.5 89 23.8 82 Zimbabwe 26.2 70 34.1 41 43.7 35 0.8 137 Montenegro 26.0 71 26.1 60 46.4 28 5.5 134
Table 2f: Knowledge and technology outputs pillar (continued) Knowledge and technology outputs Knowledge creation Knowledge impact Knowledge diffusion country/Economy Score (0–100) rank Score rank Score rank Score rank Bosnia and Herzegovina 25.9 72 18.0 86 34.1 65 25.7 72 Iran, Islamic rep. 25.9 73 28.9 55 22.8 108 n/a n/a Bangladesh 25.6 74 2.1 135 26.7 95 48.1 25 Greece 25.6 75 29.9 53 27.1 92 19.7 105 Guyana 25.5 76 1.6 137 14.8 129 60.2 9 Qatar 25.2 77 1.5 139 74.2 1 0.0 139 Mauritius 24.9 78 2.1 134 49.5 20 23.0 87 Namibia 24.8 79 39.1 33 21.6 113 13.8 124 Morocco 24.5 80 20.4 76 25.5 100 27.6 63 Argentina 24.3 81 9.7 111 32.1 73 31.1 51 uruguay 24.2 82 9.2 114 44.9 32 18.7 108 Jordan 24.1 83 20.8 73 28.7 88 22.9 88 Brunei Darussalam 23.9 84 1.6 136 31.5 76 38.6 34 Kazakhstan 23.8 85 13.1 103 37.1 54 21.3 97 Mozambique 23.3 86 3.0 130 35.5 60 31.5 49 colombia 23.1 87 14.8 97 32.9 70 21.5 95 fiji 22.9 88 25.7 61 28.3 90 14.7 123 uzbekistan 22.7 89 12.1 107 33.4 69 n/a n/a Mongolia 22.7 90 49.4 24 2.8 140 15.8 119 Ghana 22.6 91 18.3 83 20.9 116 28.5 60 Egypt 22.6 92 21.0 72 26.1 97 20.6 104 Mali 22.6 93 17.7 88 26.2 96 23.8 81 Mexico 22.3 94 16.4 91 26.1 98 24.3 76 Zambia 22.1 95 16.0 92 29.3 86 21.2 100 côte d'Ivoire 21.9 96 15.7 93 24.8 105 25.2 73 Senegal 21.7 97 18.3 84 20.2 119 26.8 68 Trinidad and Tobago 21.5 98 10.7 109 32.4 71 21.5 96 Malawi 21.5 99 14.3 100 22.5 109 27.7 62 cameroon 21.5 100 18.7 80 17.1 126 28.6 59 Benin 21.2 101 19.7 77 16.8 127 27.2 65 Kenya 20.8 102 18.1 85 20.1 120 24.0 80 Azerbaijan 20.5 103 11.2 108 25.3 103 25.1 74 Indonesia 20.4 104 4.4 123 29.9 83 27.0 66 peru 20.3 105 7.7 117 36.4 58 16.7 117 Botswana 20.1 106 20.5 74 8.5 135 31.3 50 Lao pDr 19.9 107 31.3 48 9.5 133 18.8 107 Algeria 19.9 108 10.0 110 19.5 123 30.1 54 El Salvador 19.5 109 14.3 99 21.1 115 23.1 86 united Arab Emirates 18.7 110 28.2 56 27.7 91 0.3 138 Nicaragua 18.6 111 21.4 69 24.9 104 9.5 128 Togo 18.6 112 23.8 64 7.7 136 24.2 78 Albania 18.5 113 12.8 104 25.7 99 17.1 113 Niger 18.5 114 18.6 81 15.7 128 21.1 101 Ecuador 18.4 115 14.9 96 29.1 87 11.0 127 Sudan 18.2 116 9.7 112 29.4 85 15.4 121 pakistan 18.1 117 4.0 124 24.4 106 25.7 71 Tanzania, united rep. 18.0 118 17.6 89 29.5 84 6.8 131 Kyrgyzstan 17.6 119 25.6 62 4.9 139 22.3 89 Burkina faso 17.4 120 12.7 105 18.6 124 20.9 102 venezuela, Bolivarian rep. 17.4 121 3.1 128 12.6 131 36.5 37 Burundi 17.4 122 2.4 133 32.1 72 17.5 112 Angola 17.2 123 0.0 141 30.2 79 21.5 94 Honduras 17.2 124 9.0 115 20.9 117 21.7 93 Dominican republic 17.2 125 14.8 98 31.1 77 5.7 133 Guatemala 16.5 126 8.5 116 19.7 122 21.2 99 Nigeria 16.4 127 9.4 113 22.1 112 17.8 111 uganda 16.2 128 16.8 90 25.4 101 6.4 132 Syrian Arab rep. 16.1 129 15.6 94 30.5 78 2.3 136 Saudi Arabia 15.3 130 2.7 132 25.4 102 17.9 110 yemen 14.7 131 1.2 140 33.7 68 9.4 129 Lesotho 14.7 132 3.3 126 4.9 138 36.0 38 Bolivia, plurinational St. 14.6 133 3.1 129 22.3 110 18.5 109 Gambia 14.0 134 19.4 78 9.5 134 13.0 126 Nepal 13.8 135 5.3 120 20.5 118 15.7 120 Ethiopia 13.6 136 5.8 118 26.8 93 8.1 130 cambodia 13.2 137 2.9 131 19.9 121 16.8 116 Madagascar 12.5 138 18.4 82 5.3 137 13.7 125 Jamaica 11.7 139 5.1 121 13.3 130 16.8 115 rwanda 6.9 140 3.2 127 2.4 141 15.2 122 panama 6.4 141 3.5 125 10.7 132 4.9 135 63 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 1: The GII Conceptual Framework
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The Global Innovation Index 2012 St
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The Global Innovation Index 2012: S
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iv THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
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vi THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
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Foreword The Coherence Premium in I
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cONTrIBuTOrS Contributors to the Re
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Rankings
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Global Innovation Index rankings (c
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cHApTEr 1 The Global Innovation Ind
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The GII helps to create an environm
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4. The Innovation Efficiency Index
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Table 1: Global Innovation Index ra
Page 33 and 34: Table 2: Innovation Input Sub-Index
Page 35 and 36: Table 3: Innovation Output Sub-Inde
Page 37 and 38: Box 1: A spotlight on the United St
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2: Innovation Output Sub-Ind
Page 41 and 42: Malta is ranked 16th in the GII 201
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3: Global Innovation Index v
Page 45 and 46: Table 5a: Innovation Efficiency Ind
Page 47 and 48: Figure 4: GII scores v. GDP per cap
Page 49 and 50: Table 5c: Innovation Efficiency Ind
Page 51 and 52: Figure 5: Average scores for select
Page 53 and 54: performances on key indicators and
Page 55 and 56: pillars, however, place it among th
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Page 59 and 60: PPP$ 3,354.8 Viet Nam has a very go
Page 61 and 62: 6. Northern America continues to be
Page 63: Freeman, C., and L. Soete. 2007.
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Page 111 and 112: cHApTEr 3 Academia-Industry Innovat
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Page 115 and 116: Figure 2: Intermediary university-i
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Page 131 and 132: cHApTEr 5 The Role of Coherent Link
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which is good. However, the role of
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Box 1: Strengthening the innovation
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Figure 4: Conceptual framework for
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Box 2: Saudi Arabia: Linking innova
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cHApTEr 6 The Russian Federation: A
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Figure 2: Expenditure on technologi
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in pharmaceuticals, computers, tele
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financial sustainability, and the v
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ex-territorial innovation centre wi
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cHApTEr 7 Shaping the National Inno
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Table 1: Idea-to-market curve 1. po
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is around 8%—very low, even compa
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culture, environment, and economy.1
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13 See the Department of Biotechnol
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cHApTEr 8 An Integrated Policy Appr
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institutions in developing countrie
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egan to publish monographs on STI p
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cHApTEr 9 Broadband, Inevitable Inn
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Figure 1: Global ICT developments,
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Figure 3: Global fixed and mobile b
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Figure 4: Evolution of ICT-innovati
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cHApTEr 10 The Internet: An Unprece
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egularly update their pages and sha
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Google’s anti-SOPA page, resultin
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cHApTEr 11 We Are All Content Creat
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Table 1: Models of creative industr
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than any single major recording lab
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Pélissié du Rausas, M., J. Manyik
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Country/Economy Profiles I
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176 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 201
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THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 II
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Index of Data Tables 1 Institutions
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1.1.1 Political stability and absen
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1.1.3 Press freedom Press freedom i
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1.2.2 Rule of law Rule of law index
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1.3.1 Ease of starting a business E
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1.3.3 Ease of paying taxes Ease of
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2.1.2 Public expenditure on educati
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2.1.4 Assessment in reading, mathem
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2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment School enr
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2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility Ter
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2.3.1 Researchers Researchers, head
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2.3.3 Quality of scientific researc
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3.1.2 ICT use ICT use index* | 2010
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3.1.4 Online e-participation E-part
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3.2.2 Electricity consumption Elect
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3.2.4 Gross capital formation Gross
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3.3.2 Environmental performance Env
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4.1.1 Ease of getting credit Ease o
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4.1.3 Microfinance institutions’
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4.2.2 Market capitalization Market
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4.2.4 Venture capital deals Venture
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4.3.2 Market access for non-agricul
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4.3.4 Exports of goods and services
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5.1.1 Employment in knowledge-inten
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5.1.3 GERD performed by business en
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5.1.5 GMAT mean score Weighted mean
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5.2.1 University/industry research
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5.2.3 GERD financed by abroad GERD:
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5.2.5 Share of patents with foreign
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5.3.2 High-tech imports High-tech n
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5.3.4 Foreign direct investment net
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6.1.2 Patent Cooperation Treaty app
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6.1.4 Scientific and technical jour
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6.2.2 New business density New busi
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6.2.4 ISO 9001 quality certificates
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6.3.2 High-tech exports High-tech n
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6.3.4 Foreign direct investment net
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7.1.2 Madrid Agreement trademark re
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7.1.4 ICT and organizational models
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7.2.2 National feature films produc
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7.2.4 Creative goods exports Creati
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7.3.1 Generic top-level domains (gT
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7.3.3 Wikipedia monthly edits Wikip
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Sources and Definitions III
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412 1 Institutions THE GLOBAL INNOV
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414 2 Human capital and research TH
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416 3 Infrastructure (continued) TH
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418 4 Market sophistication THE GLO
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420 5 Business sophistication (cont
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422 6 Knowledge and technology outp
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424 7 Creative outputs (continued)
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Technical Notes IV
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About the Authors V
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