The Global Innovation Index 2012

Key indicators
population (millions) .................................................................................... 9.4
GDp per capita, ppp$ ........................................................................... 40,613.8
GDp (uS$ billions) ..................................................................................... 571.6
Score (0–100)
or value (hard data) rank
Global Innovation Index 2012 (out of 141)......................... 64.8 2 l
Innovation Output Sub-Index ........................................................................................... 60.7 2 l
Innovation Input Sub-Index .............................................................................................. 68.8 3 l
Innovation Efficiency Index ................................................................................................. 0.9 18
Global Innovation Index 2011 (out of 125) .............................................................................. 2
GII 2012 rank among GII 2011 economies (125) ...................................................................... 2
1 Institutions ....................................................88.6 12
1.1 Political environment ............................................................94.1 6
1.1.1 Political stability*....................................................................................91.3 10
1.1.2 Government effectiveness* ............................................................93.9 4 l
1.1.3 Press freedom* ........................................................................................97.0 11
1.2 Regulatory environment .......................................................92.3 16
1.2.1 Regulatory quality* ..............................................................................95.4 8
1.2.2 Rule of law* ...............................................................................................99.4 2 l
1.2.3 Cost of redundancy dismissal, salary weeks ........................14.4 64
1.3 Business environment ...........................................................79.6 16
1.3.1 Ease of starting a business* ............................................................76.2 34
1.3.2 Ease of resolving insolvency* ........................................................88.4 17
1.3.3 Ease of paying taxes* ..........................................................................74.1 37
2 Human capital & research ..........................62.8 6
2.1 Education ..................................................................................69.2 11
2.1.1 Current expenditure on education, % GNI ..............................6.1 17
2.1.2 Public expenditure/pupil, % GDP/cap .....................................29.0 9
2.1.3 School life expectancy, years .........................................................15.8 22
2.1.4 PISA scales in reading, maths, & science .............................495.6 25
2.1.5 Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary .........................................................9.6 23
2.2 Tertiary education ..................................................................50.2 18
2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment, % gross ............................................................70.8 18
2.2.2 Graduates in science & engineering, % ..................................24.2 31
2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility, % .............................................................6.4 24
2.2.4 Gross tertiary outbound enrolment, % ......................................2.5 33
2.3 Research & development (R&D) ..........................................68.9 7
2.3.1 Researchers, headcounts/mn pop. ..................................... 5,238.7 13
2.3.2 Gross expenditure on R&D, % GDP ...............................................3.6 3 l
2.3.3 Quality of scientific research institutions† ............................83.0 4
3 Infrastructure................................................69.8 1 l
3.1 Information & communication technologies (ICT) ........78.5 6
3.1.1 ICT access* .................................................................................................85.7 5
3.1.2 ICT use* .......................................................................................................75.5 2 l
3.1.3 Government’s online service* .......................................................84.3 16
3.1.4 E-participation*.......................................................................................68.4 15
3.2 General infrastructure ...........................................................63.6 6
3.2.1 Electricity output, kWh/cap .................................................. 16,380.9 5
3.2.2 Electricity consumption, kWh/cap ................................... 15,476.5 8
3.2.3 Quality of trade & transport infrastructure* .........................75.8 10
3.2.4 Gross capital formation, % GDP ...................................................18.4 108
3.3 Ecological sustainability .......................................................67.3 2 l
3.3.1 GDP/unit of energy use, 2000 PPP$/kg oil eq .......................6.0 54
3.3.2 Environmental performance*........................................................68.8 10
3.3.3 ISO 14001 environmental certificates/bn PPP$ GDP .....13.0 1 l
4 Market sophistication .................................64.3 10
4.1 Credit .........................................................................................52.8 23
4.1.1 Ease of getting credit* .......................................................................57.7 43
4.1.2 Domestic credit to private sector, % GDP ..........................140.0 15
4.1.3 Microfinance gross loans, % GDP .................................................n/a n/a
Sweden
4.2 Investment ................................................................................70.4 7
4.2.1 Ease of protecting investors* .........................................................76.2 27
4.2.2 Market capitalization, % GDP......................................................126.9 12
4.2.3 Total value of stocks traded, % GDP ..........................................96.0 8
4.2.4 Venture capital deals/tr PPP$ GDP ..........................................315.8 1 l
4.3 Trade & competition ..............................................................69.5 30
4.3.1 Applied tariff rate, weighted mean, % ........................................1.6 11
4.3.2 Non-agricultural mkt access weighted tariff, % ....................2.0 92
4.3.3 Imports of goods & services, % GDP ........................................43.9 58
4.3.4 Exports of goods & services, % GDP .........................................50.0 45
4.3.5 Intensity of local competition† ....................................................79.7 9
5 Business sophistication ..............................58.6 10
5.1 Knowledge workers ................................................................77.6 12
5.1.1 Knowledge-intensive employment, % ....................................44.5 6
5.1.2 Firms offering formal training, % firms ......................................n/a n/a
5.1.3 R&D performed by business, % ....................................................70.5 12
5.1.4 R&D financed by business, % ........................................................58.9 16
5.1.5 GMAT mean score ..............................................................................513.0 66
5.1.6 GMAT test takers/mn pop. 20–34 ............................................273.9 22
5.2 Innovation linkages ...............................................................50.0 23
5.2.1 University/industry research collaboration† ........................75.3 5
5.2.2 State of cluster development† .....................................................64.5 5
5.2.3 R&D financed by abroad, % ............................................................10.5 32
5.2.4 JV–strategic alliance deals/tr PPP$ GDP .................................63.7 22
5.2.5 PCT patent filings with foreign inventor, % ..........................42.2 57
5.3 Knowledge absorption ..........................................................48.2 21
5.3.1 Royalty & license fees payments/th GDP ..................................3.0 33
5.3.2 High-tech imports less re-imports, % ......................................14.9 21
5.3.3 Computer & comm. service imports, % ..................................56.5 9
5.3.4 FDI net inflows, % GDP .........................................................................1.2 106
6 Knowledge & technology outputs ...........67.9 2 l
6.1 Knowledge creation ...............................................................84.6 2 l
6.1.1 Domestic resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP ........................16.2 9
6.1.2 PCT resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP ........................................9.1 3 l
6.1.3 Domestic res utility model ap/bn PPP$ GDP ........................n/a n/a
6.1.4 Scientific & technical articles/bn PPP$ GDP .........................28.4 3 l
6.2 Knowledge impact .................................................................49.1 21
6.2.1 Growth rate of PPP$ GDP/worker, % ...........................................3.2 46
6.2.2 New businesses/th pop. 15–64 .......................................................4.1 26
6.2.3 Computer software spending, % GDP ........................................0.8 9
6.2.4 ISO 9001 quality certificates/bn PPP$ GDP ..........................16.0 34
6.3 Knowledge diffusion ..............................................................70.0 5
6.3.1 Royalty & license fees receipts/th GDP....................................13.4 1 l
6.3.2 High-tech exports less re-exports, %........................................14.5 21
6.3.3 Computer & comm. service exports, % ..................................62.7 10
6.3.4 FDI net outflows, % GDP .....................................................................7.0 8
7 Creative outputs ..........................................53.6 7
7.1 Creative intangibles ...............................................................47.9 35
7.1.1 Domestic res trademark reg/bn PPP$ GDP ..........................49.4 34
7.1.2 Madrid resident trademark reg/bn PPP$ GDP .......................0.8 27
7.1.3 ICT & business model creation† ..................................................79.9 1 l
7.1.4 ICT & organizational model creation† .....................................72.7 8
7.2 Creative goods & services .....................................................45.1 13
7.2.1 Recreation & culture consumption, % .....................................11.3 5
7.2.2 National feature films/mn pop. 15–69........................................6.3 16
7.2.3 Paid-for dailies, circulation/th pop. 15–69 ..........................485.5 5
7.2.4 Creative goods exports, % ..................................................................2.6 32
7.2.5 Creative services exports, % ..............................................................0.6 81
7.3 Online creativity ......................................................................73.3 7
7.3.1 Generic top-level domains (TLDs)/th pop. 15–69 ............73.5 12
7.3.2 Country-code TLDs/th pop. 15–69 ............................................73.1 8
7.3.3 Wikipedia monthly edits/mn pop. 15–69 .................... 13,527.5 7
7.3.4 Video uploads on YouTube/pop. 15–69 .................................77.6 10
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THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 I: Country/Economy Profiles