The Global Innovation Index 2012

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THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 1: The Global Innovation Index 2012
Figure 1: Framework of the Global Innovation Index 2012
Institutions
political
environment
regulatory
environment
Business
environment
That said, the time coverage
does not allow us to capture more
medium-term effects of the crisis or
the stimulus programmes on innovation,
some impacts of which might
be very long-term (e.g., expenditures
on education and public
R&D). Moreover, the renewed setback
of the global economy in the
second half of 2011 and the current
set-backs to the world economy, as
well as possible new spending measures
are not accounted for. These
effects will naturally be at the heart
of future GIIs.
The GII conceptual framework
The GII is an evolving project that
builds upon previous editions of the
index while incorporating newly
available data and that is inspired by
Innovation Input
Sub-Index
Human
capital and
research Infrastructure
Education
Tertiary
education
research &
development
IcT
General
infrastructure
Ecological
sustainability
Global Innovation Index
(average)
Innovation Efficiency Index
(ratio)
Market
sophistication
credit
Investment
Trade &
competition
Business
sophistication
Knowledge
workers
Innovation
linkages
Knowledge
absorption
the latest research on the measurement
of innovation. This year the
GII model includes 141 economies,
which represent 94.9% of the world’s
population and 99.4% of the world’s
GDP (in current US dollars).
The GII relies on two subindices:
the Innovation Input Sub-
Index and the Innovation Output
Sub-Index, each built around pillars.
Four measures are calculated
(Figure 1):
1. Innovation Input Sub-Index:
Five input pillars capture elements
of the national economy
that enable innovative activities:
(1) Institutions, (2) Human capital
and research, (3) Infrastructure,
(4) Market sophistication, and
(5) Business sophistication. The
Innovation Input Sub-Index is
Knowledge and
technology
outputs
Knowledge
creation
Knowledge
impact
Knowledge
diffusion
Innovation Output
Sub-Index
Creative
outputs
creative
intangibles
creative goods
and services
Online
creativity
the simple average of the first
five pillar scores.
2. Innovation Output Sub-Index:
Innovation outputs are the
results of innovative activities
within the economy. There are
two output pillars: (6) Knowledge
and technology outputs19
and (7) Creative outputs. The
Innovation Output Sub-Index is
the simple average of the last two
pillar scores. Although the Output
Sub-Index includes only two
pillars, it has the same weight in
calculating the overall GII scores
as the Input Sub-Index.
3. The overall GII score is the
simple average of the Input and
Output Sub-Indices.