The Global Innovation Index 2012

214
THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 I: Country/Economy Profiles
Egypt
Key indicators
population (millions) .................................................................................. 79.4
GDp per capita, ppp$ ............................................................................. 6,504.6
GDp (uS$ billions) ..................................................................................... 231.9
Score (0–100)
or value (hard data) rank
Global Innovation Index 2012 (out of 141)......................... 27.9 103
Innovation Output Sub-Index ........................................................................................... 23.3 99
Innovation Input Sub-Index .............................................................................................. 32.5 104
Innovation Efficiency Index ................................................................................................. 0.7 78
Global Innovation Index 2011 (out of 125) .............................................................................. 87
GII 2012 rank among GII 2011 economies (125) ...................................................................... 97
1 Institutions ....................................................40.4 116
1.1 Political environment ............................................................33.5 130
1.1.1 Political stability*....................................................................................43.4 115
1.1.2 Government effectiveness* ............................................................29.6 91
1.1.3 Press freedom* ........................................................................................27.4 132
1.2 Regulatory environment .......................................................44.5 126
1.2.1 Regulatory quality* ..............................................................................47.1 84
1.2.2 Rule of law* ...............................................................................................44.9 64
1.2.3 Cost of redundancy dismissal, salary weeks ........................36.8 131
1.3 Business environment ...........................................................43.3 86
1.3.1 Ease of starting a business* ............................................................88.4 17 l
1.3.2 Ease of resolving insolvency* ........................................................15.8 118
1.3.3 Ease of paying taxes* ..........................................................................25.8 104
2 Human capital & research ..........................25.9 108
2.1 Education ..................................................................................46.2 86
2.1.1 Current expenditure on education, % GNI ..............................4.4 58 l
2.1.2 Public expenditure/pupil, % GDP/cap .....................................17.7 77
2.1.3 School life expectancy, years .........................................................11.7 92
2.1.4 PISA scales in reading, maths, & science ..................................n/a n/a
2.1.5 Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary ......................................................17.1 81
2.2 Tertiary education ..................................................................17.4 113
2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment, % gross ............................................................30.4 72
2.2.2 Graduates in science & engineering, % ....................................n/a n/a
2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility, % .............................................................1.4 67
2.2.4 Gross tertiary outbound enrolment, % ......................................0.1 136
2.3 Research & development (R&D) ..........................................14.0 110
2.3.1 Researchers, headcounts/mn pop. ..................................... 1,017.5 55
2.3.2 Gross expenditure on R&D, % GDP ...............................................0.2 83
2.3.3 Quality of scientific research institutions† ............................30.1 110
3 Infrastructure................................................33.6 70
3.1 Information & communication technologies (ICT) ........45.3 49 l
3.1.1 ICT access* .................................................................................................40.7 73
3.1.2 ICT use* .......................................................................................................12.0 84
3.1.3 Government’s online service* .......................................................60.1 42 l
3.1.4 E-participation*.......................................................................................68.4 15 l
3.2 General infrastructure ...........................................................25.7 122
3.2.1 Electricity output, kWh/cap ..................................................... 1,809.9 79
3.2.2 Electricity consumption, kWh/cap ...................................... 1,487.3 81
3.2.3 Quality of trade & transport infrastructure* .........................30.5 102
3.2.4 Gross capital formation, % GDP ...................................................18.9 103
3.3 Ecological sustainability .......................................................29.9 70
3.3.1 GDP/unit of energy use, 2000 PPP$/kg oil eq .......................5.0 73
3.3.2 Environmental performance*........................................................55.2 58
3.3.3 ISO 14001 environmental certificates/bn PPP$ GDP ........1.0 62
4 Market sophistication .................................30.5 108
4.1 Credit .........................................................................................16.3 105
4.1.1 Ease of getting credit* .......................................................................38.7 72
4.1.2 Domestic credit to private sector, % GDP .............................33.1 89
4.1.3 Microfinance gross loans, % GDP ..................................................0.1 71
4.2 Investment ................................................................................24.6 71
4.2.1 Ease of protecting investors* .........................................................46.7 60
4.2.2 Market capitalization, % GDP.........................................................37.7 56
4.2.3 Total value of stocks traded, % GDP ..........................................17.0 39 l
4.2.4 Venture capital deals/tr PPP$ GDP ................................................3.9 58 l
4.3 Trade & competition ..............................................................50.6 121
4.3.1 Applied tariff rate, weighted mean, % ........................................8.1 108
4.3.2 Non-agricultural mkt access weighted tariff, % ....................1.5 85
4.3.3 Imports of goods & services, % GDP ........................................26.1 122
4.3.4 Exports of goods & services, % GDP .........................................21.3 122
4.3.5 Intensity of local competition† ....................................................52.3 110
5 Business sophistication ..............................31.9 114
5.1 Knowledge workers ................................................................42.8 75
5.1.1 Knowledge-intensive employment, % ....................................30.3 41 l
5.1.2 Firms offering formal training, % firms ....................................21.7 87
5.1.3 R&D performed by business, % ......................................................n/a n/a
5.1.4 R&D financed by business, % ..........................................................n/a n/a
5.1.5 GMAT mean score ..............................................................................470.5 96
5.1.6 GMAT test takers/mn pop. 20–34 ...............................................45.4 82
5.2 Innovation linkages ...............................................................26.8 116
5.2.1 University/industry research collaboration† ........................26.6 122
5.2.2 State of cluster development† .....................................................39.2 77
5.2.3 R&D financed by abroad, % ..............................................................n/a n/a
5.2.4 JV–strategic alliance deals/tr PPP$ GDP .................................19.5 68
5.2.5 PCT patent filings with foreign inventor, % ..........................20.0 77
5.3 Knowledge absorption ..........................................................26.2 119
5.3.1 Royalty & license fees payments/th GDP ..................................1.0 71
5.3.2 High-tech imports less re-imports, % .........................................5.4 95
5.3.3 Computer & comm. service imports, % ..................................24.1 87
5.3.4 FDI net inflows, % GDP .........................................................................2.9 61
6 Knowledge & technology outputs ...........22.6 92
6.1 Knowledge creation ...............................................................21.0 72
6.1.1 Domestic resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP ...........................1.2 65
6.1.2 PCT resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP ........................................0.1 82
6.1.3 Domestic res utility model ap/bn PPP$ GDP ........................n/a n/a
6.1.4 Scientific & technical articles/bn PPP$ GDP ............................4.8 58 l
6.2 Knowledge impact .................................................................26.1 97
6.2.1 Growth rate of PPP$ GDP/worker, % ...........................................2.9 52
6.2.2 New businesses/th pop. 15–64 .......................................................0.1 93
6.2.3 Computer software spending, % GDP ........................................0.1 56
6.2.4 ISO 9001 quality certificates/bn PPP$ GDP .............................4.4 71
6.3 Knowledge diffusion ..............................................................20.6 104
6.3.1 Royalty & license fees receipts/th GDP.......................................0.9 33 l
6.3.2 High-tech exports less re-exports, %...........................................0.4 92
6.3.3 Computer & comm. service exports, % ..................................16.8 100
6.3.4 FDI net outflows, % GDP .....................................................................0.5 52
7 Creative outputs ..........................................24.0 106
7.1 Creative intangibles ...............................................................31.3 106
7.1.1 Domestic res trademark reg/bn PPP$ GDP ............................n/a n/a
7.1.2 Madrid resident trademark reg/bn PPP$ GDP .......................0.1 55
7.1.3 ICT & business model creation† ..................................................51.1 70
7.1.4 ICT & organizational model creation† .....................................41.4 92
7.2 Creative goods & services .....................................................21.2 68
7.2.1 Recreation & culture consumption, % ........................................2.0 83
7.2.2 National feature films/mn pop. 15–69........................................0.9 69
7.2.3 Paid-for dailies, circulation/th pop. 15–69 .............................77.4 66
7.2.4 Creative goods exports, % ..................................................................4.3 17 l
7.2.5 Creative services exports, % ..............................................................1.0 71
7.3 Online creativity ......................................................................12.2 104
7.3.1 Generic top-level domains (TLDs)/th pop. 15–69 ...............0.6 108
7.3.2 Country-code TLDs/th pop. 15–69 ...............................................1.5 120
7.3.3 Wikipedia monthly edits/mn pop. 15–69 ...........................245.1 94
7.3.4 Video uploads on YouTube/pop. 15–69 .................................45.6 88