The Global Innovation Index 2012

256
THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 I: Country/Economy Profiles
Malaysia
Key indicators
population (millions) .................................................................................. 28.7
GDp per capita, ppp$ ........................................................................... 15,579.0
GDp (uS$ billions) ..................................................................................... 247.6
Score (0–100)
or value (hard data) rank
Global Innovation Index 2012 (out of 141)......................... 45.9 32
Innovation Output Sub-Index ........................................................................................... 37.6 38
Innovation Input Sub-Index .............................................................................................. 54.2 29
Innovation Efficiency Index ................................................................................................. 0.7 84
Global Innovation Index 2011 (out of 125) .............................................................................. 31
GII 2012 rank among GII 2011 economies (125) ...................................................................... 31
1 Institutions ....................................................63.5 55
1.1 Political environment ............................................................64.7 52
1.1.1 Political stability*....................................................................................68.8 56
1.1.2 Government effectiveness* ............................................................69.8 28
1.1.3 Press freedom* ........................................................................................55.4 97
1.2 Regulatory environment .......................................................66.2 70
1.2.1 Regulatory quality* ..............................................................................66.5 44
1.2.2 Rule of law* ...............................................................................................61.3 45
1.2.3 Cost of redundancy dismissal, salary weeks ........................23.9 108
1.3 Business environment ...........................................................59.7 44
1.3.1 Ease of starting a business* ............................................................35.9 90
1.3.2 Ease of resolving insolvency* ........................................................64.7 50
1.3.3 Ease of paying taxes* ..........................................................................78.4 31
2 Human capital & research ..........................44.5 42
2.1 Education ..................................................................................49.6 74
2.1.1 Current expenditure on education, % GNI ..............................4.1 70
2.1.2 Public expenditure/pupil, % GDP/cap .....................................21.6 47
2.1.3 School life expectancy, years .........................................................12.6 79
2.1.4 PISA scales in reading, maths, & science .............................413.4 53
2.1.5 Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary ......................................................13.7 60
2.2 Tertiary education ..................................................................56.0 10
2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment, % gross ............................................................40.2 58
2.2.2 Graduates in science & engineering, % ..................................37.7 3 l
2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility, % .............................................................5.8 27
2.2.4 Gross tertiary outbound enrolment, % ......................................2.2 44
2.3 Research & development (R&D) ..........................................28.0 48
2.3.1 Researchers, headcounts/mn pop. .........................................715.4 63
2.3.2 Gross expenditure on R&D, % GDP ...............................................0.6 49
2.3.3 Quality of scientific research institutions† ............................64.4 23
3 Infrastructure................................................44.1 41
3.1 Information & communication technologies (ICT) ........51.9 38
3.1.1 ICT access* .................................................................................................47.0 60
3.1.2 ICT use* .......................................................................................................31.5 47
3.1.3 Government’s online service* .......................................................79.1 20
3.1.4 E-participation*.......................................................................................50.0 31
3.2 General infrastructure ...........................................................41.6 40
3.2.1 Electricity output, kWh/cap ..................................................... 3,767.0 53
3.2.2 Electricity consumption, kWh/cap ...................................... 3,676.9 50
3.2.3 Quality of trade & transport infrastructure* .........................62.5 27
3.2.4 Gross capital formation, % GDP ...................................................21.4 80
3.3 Ecological sustainability .......................................................38.9 46
3.3.1 GDP/unit of energy use, 2000 PPP$/kg oil eq .......................4.5 83
3.3.2 Environmental performance*........................................................62.5 25
3.3.3 ISO 14001 environmental certificates/bn PPP$ GDP ........4.0 23
4 Market sophistication .................................60.8 14
4.1 Credit .........................................................................................46.8 31
4.1.1 Ease of getting credit* ....................................................................100.0 1 l
4.1.2 Domestic credit to private sector, % GDP ..........................114.9 25
4.1.3 Microfinance gross loans, % GDP ..................................................0.1 68
4.2 Investment ................................................................................54.7 14
4.2.1 Ease of protecting investors* .........................................................97.8 4 l
4.2.2 Market capitalization, % GDP......................................................172.6 5 l
4.2.3 Total value of stocks traded, % GDP ..........................................37.9 27
4.2.4 Venture capital deals/tr PPP$ GDP ................................................6.7 52
4.3 Trade & competition ..............................................................81.0 4 l
4.3.1 Applied tariff rate, weighted mean, % ........................................4.0 68
4.3.2 Non-agricultural mkt access weighted tariff, % ....................0.5 54
4.3.3 Imports of goods & services, % GDP ........................................79.5 12
4.3.4 Exports of goods & services, % GDP .........................................97.3 5 l
4.3.5 Intensity of local competition† ....................................................74.1 24
5 Business sophistication ..............................58.2 11
5.1 Knowledge workers ................................................................68.4 28
5.1.1 Knowledge-intensive employment, % ....................................26.8 49
5.1.2 Firms offering formal training, % firms ....................................50.1 30
5.1.3 R&D performed by business, % ....................................................84.9 1 l
5.1.4 R&D financed by business, % ........................................................84.5 1 l
5.1.5 GMAT mean score ..............................................................................545.9 41
5.1.6 GMAT test takers/mn pop. 20–34 ...............................................65.1 69
5.2 Innovation linkages ...............................................................42.4 45
5.2.1 University/industry research collaboration† ........................65.1 20
5.2.2 State of cluster development† .....................................................65.4 4 l
5.2.3 R&D financed by abroad, % ...............................................................0.2 91
5.2.4 JV–strategic alliance deals/tr PPP$ GDP .................................78.4 18
5.2.5 PCT patent filings with foreign inventor, % ..........................33.2 62
5.3 Knowledge absorption ..........................................................63.7 6 l
5.3.1 Royalty & license fees payments/th GDP ..................................5.9 11
5.3.2 High-tech imports less re-imports, % ......................................32.7 1 l
5.3.3 Computer & comm. service imports, % ..................................38.3 41
5.3.4 FDI net inflows, % GDP .........................................................................4.0 47
6 Knowledge & technology outputs ...........38.0 36
6.1 Knowledge creation ...............................................................22.8 65
6.1.1 Domestic resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP ...........................3.0 45
6.1.2 PCT resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP ........................................0.6 34
6.1.3 Domestic res utility model ap/bn PPP$ GDP .........................0.1 60
6.1.4 Scientific & technical articles/bn PPP$ GDP ............................3.5 67
6.2 Knowledge impact .................................................................42.5 39
6.2.1 Growth rate of PPP$ GDP/worker, % ...........................................4.6 24
6.2.2 New businesses/th pop. 15–64 .......................................................2.5 40
6.2.3 Computer software spending, % GDP ........................................0.3 29
6.2.4 ISO 9001 quality certificates/bn PPP$ GDP ..........................20.7 24
6.3 Knowledge diffusion ..............................................................48.7 24
6.3.1 Royalty & license fees receipts/th GDP.......................................1.4 26
6.3.2 High-tech exports less re-exports, %........................................33.0 3 l
6.3.3 Computer & comm. service exports, % ..................................28.0 67
6.3.4 FDI net outflows, % GDP .....................................................................5.7 10
7 Creative outputs ..........................................37.3 42
7.1 Creative intangibles ...............................................................50.5 26
7.1.1 Domestic res trademark reg/bn PPP$ GDP ..........................13.5 71
7.1.2 Madrid resident trademark reg/bn PPP$ GDP ......................n/a n/a
7.1.3 ICT & business model creation† ..................................................72.5 8
7.1.4 ICT & organizational model creation† .....................................72.6 9
7.2 Creative goods & services .....................................................23.8 62
7.2.1 Recreation & culture consumption, % ........................................5.1 53
7.2.2 National feature films/mn pop. 15–69........................................1.5 58
7.2.3 Paid-for dailies, circulation/th pop. 15–69 ..........................139.7 42
7.2.4 Creative goods exports, % ..................................................................2.0 43
7.2.5 Creative services exports, % ..............................................................4.5 43
7.3 Online creativity ......................................................................24.3 56
7.3.1 Generic top-level domains (TLDs)/th pop. 15–69 ...............5.4 60
7.3.2 Country-code TLDs/th pop. 15–69 ............................................30.3 55
7.3.3 Wikipedia monthly edits/mn pop. 15–69 ....................... 1,054.0 59
7.3.4 Video uploads on YouTube/pop. 15–69 .................................56.1 64