The Global Innovation Index 2012

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356 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 II: Data Tables 3.3.3 ISO 14001 environmental certificates ISO 14001 Environmental management systems—Requirements with guidance for use: Number of certificates issued (per billion GDP in PPP$) | 2010 rank country/Economy value Score (0–100) percent rank 1 Romania ...........................29.10 ..........100.00.......... 0.98 l 1 Czech Republic ...................25.29..........100.00.......... 0.98 l 1 Spain. ..............................13.37 ..........100.00.......... 0.98 l 1 Sweden ............................12.97 ..........100.00.......... 0.98 l 5 Estonia .............................12.36............95.26.......... 0.97 l 6 Lithuania. ..........................12.09 ............93.18..........0.96 l 7 Bulgaria ........................... 10.29............79.32..........0.96 l 8 Hungary ............................9.66............74.42.......... 0.95 l 9 Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9.59............73.92..........0.94 l 10 Slovakia .............................9.14 ............70.45.......... 0.93 l 11 Japan ...............................8.06............62.10.......... 0.93 12 Switzerland .........................7.88 ............60.71.......... 0.92 13 Latvia ...............................7.33 ............56.45.......... 0.91 l 14 Slovenia. ............................7.04 ............54.23..........0.90 l 15 China ...............................6.90............53.11..........0.90 16 Korea, Rep. ..........................6.60............50.85..........0.89 17 United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.58............50.64..........0.88 18 Finland. .............................5.98............46.02..........0.87 19 Cyprus ..............................5.85............45.01..........0.87 20 Croatia ..............................5.73............44.12..........0.86 l 21 Denmark. ...........................5.00............38.49..........0.85 22 Serbia ...............................4.19 ............32.25..........0.84 l 23 Malaysia. ............................4.02............30.88..........0.84 24 Thailand ............................3.67............28.17..........0.83 l 25 Austria ..............................3.54............27.23..........0.82 26 Norway .............................3.42............26.30.......... 0.81 27 Portugal ............................3.39............26.02.......... 0.81 28 Ireland ..............................3.38............25.94..........0.80 29 Bosnia and Herzegovina ............3.28............25.22.......... 0.79 l 30 Zimbabwe ..........................3.10 ........... 23.84.......... 0.78 l 31 Hong Kong (China). .................3.09............23.75.......... 0.78 32 Macedonia, FYR .....................3.06............23.47..........0.77 33 Singapore. ..........................2.81............21.55.......... 0.76 34 Chile ................................2.76............21.20.......... 0.75 35 Israel ................................2.68............20.55.......... 0.75 36 United Arab Emirates ...............2.66............20.40...........0.74 37 Poland ..............................2.48............19.02.......... 0.73 38 France ..............................2.46............18.87.......... 0.72 39 Colombia ...........................2.38............18.25.......... 0.72 40 Uruguay ............................2.24............17.20.......... 0.71 41 Montenegro ........................2.22............17.05.......... 0.70 42 Netherlands. ........................2.19 ............16.82..........0.69 43 Belgium. ............................2.07............15.84..........0.69 44 Germany ............................2.04............15.61..........0.68 45 Jordan ..............................1.99 ............15.21.......... 0.67 46 Costa Rica. ..........................1.85............14.17..........0.66 47 Greece ..............................1.76............13.45..........0.66 48 Turkey...............................1.70 ............13.01..........0.65 49 Australia ............................1.67 ............12.74..........0.64 50 South Africa. ........................1.55 ............11.84..........0.63 51 Malta. ...............................1.54 ............11.73..........0.63 52 Peru. ................................1.45............11.07..........0.62 53 New Zealand. .......................1.43............10.95.......... 0.61 54 Argentina ...........................1.33 ............10.18..........0.60 55 Brazil ................................1.29 .............9.85..........0.60 56 Bahrain. .............................1.28 .............9.72.......... 0.59 57 Ecuador .............................1.21 .............9.22..........0.58 l 58 Belize ...............................1.12 .............8.52..........0.57 59 Viet Nam ............................1.10 .............8.40..........0.57 60 Indonesia ...........................1.00 .............7.56..........0.56 61 Brunei Darussalam ..................0.99.............7.54.......... 0.55 62 Egypt ...............................0.99.............7.53..........0.54 63 India ................................0.96.............7.26..........0.54 64 Tunisia ..............................0.88.............6.70.......... 0.53 65 Russian Federation. .................0.88.............6.64.......... 0.52 66 Iran, Islamic Rep. ....................0.87.............6.60.......... 0.51 67 Canada. .............................0.81.............6.17.......... 0.51 68 Sri Lanka ............................0.79.............5.96..........0.50 69 Ukraine .............................0.67.............5.07.......... 0.49 70 Swaziland ...........................0.66.............4.95.......... 0.49 71 Kazakhstan. .........................0.64.............4.81..........0.48 72 Namibia. ............................0.61 .............4.61.......... 0.47 rank country/Economy value Score (0–100) percent rank 73 Oman ...............................0.61 .............4.55..........0.46 74 Philippines ..........................0.60.............4.53..........0.46 75 Zambia .............................0.60.............4.49.......... 0.45 76 Qatar................................0.58.............4.36..........0.44 77 Pakistan.............................0.55.............4.14.......... 0.43 78 Mexico ..............................0.52.............3.87.......... 0.43 79 Fiji...................................0.50.............3.75.......... 0.42 80 Bolivia, Plurinational St. .............0.48.............3.58...........0.41 81 Armenia.............................0.48.............3.55..........0.40 82 Jamaica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.46.............3.45..........0.40 83 Luxembourg ........................0.46.............3.43..........0.39 84 Syrian Arab Rep......................0.45.............3.32..........0.38 85 Iceland ..............................0.42.............3.14.......... 0.37 86 Morocco ............................0.41 .............3.07.......... 0.37 87 Kuwait ..............................0.39.............2.88..........0.36 88 Dominican Republic ................0.37.............2.70.......... 0.35 89 Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.34.............2.52..........0.34 90 Burundi (2008) ......................0.32.............2.37..........0.34 91 Panama .............................0.31 .............2.31.......... 0.33 92 Guatemala ..........................0.31 .............2.29.......... 0.32 93 United States of America............0.30.............2.22.......... 0.31 94 Kenya (2009) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.29.............2.11.......... 0.31 95 Nicaragua...........................0.28.............2.07..........0.30 96 Mauritius............................0.27.............2.00..........0.29 97 Moldova, Rep........................0.27.............1.98..........0.28 98 Honduras ...........................0.27.............1.94..........0.28 99 El Salvador ..........................0.26.............1.85..........0.27 100 Lao PDR.............................0.25.............1.84..........0.26 101 Nepal ...............................0.25.............1.82..........0.25 102 Trinidad and Tobago ................0.23.............1.66..........0.25 103 Côte d’Ivoire ........................0.22.............1.55.......... 0.24 104 Saudi Arabia ........................0.22.............1.54..........0.23 105 Senegal .............................0.21.............1.49..........0.22 106 Belarus ..............................0.21.............1.47..........0.22 107 Azerbaijan ..........................0.20.............1.41.......... 0.21 108 Mali (2009) ..........................0.19 .............1.34..........0.20 109 Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. ..........0.19 .............1.33...........0.19 110 Lebanon ............................0.18 .............1.31...........0.19 111 Guyana .............................0.18 .............1.30...........0.18 112 Niger................................0.18 .............1.27...........0.17 113 Georgia .............................0.18 .............1.25...........0.16 114 Kyrgyzstan ..........................0.17 .............1.16...........0.16 115 Ethiopia (2009) ......................0.16 .............1.15...........0.15 116 Uganda .............................0.14 .............0.98...........0.14 117 Mozambique........................0.14 .............0.94...........0.13 118 Cameroon ..........................0.13 .............0.92...........0.13 119 Gabon ..............................0.13 .............0.91...........0.12 120 Cambodia...........................0.13 .............0.90...........0.11 121 Paraguay............................0.12 .............0.81...........0.10 122 Uzbekistan ..........................0.10 .............0.69...........0.10 123 Malawi (2008) .......................0.09.............0.59..........0.09 124 Mongolia ...........................0.09.............0.58..........0.08 125 Ghana (2009)........................0.08.............0.53.......... 0.07 126 Botswana ...........................0.07.............0.44.......... 0.07 127 Nigeria ..............................0.06.............0.33..........0.06 128 Tanzania, United Rep. ...............0.05.............0.28..........0.05 129 Madagascar.........................0.05.............0.27..........0.04 130 Burkina Faso ........................0.05.............0.26..........0.04 131 Angola ..............................0.05.............0.23.......... 0.03 132 Albania (2009).......................0.04.............0.22.......... 0.02 133 Sudan...............................0.04.............0.20.......... 0.01 134 Yemen ..............................0.02.............0.00.......... 0.01 135 Bangladesh .........................0.02.............0.00..........0.00 n/a Benin ............................... n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Gambia ............................. n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Lesotho ............................. n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Rwanda ............................. n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Tajikistan ............................ n/a..............n/a...........n/a n/a Togo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . n/a..............n/a...........n/a SOURCE: International Organization for Standardization (ISO), The ISO Survey of Certifications 2010 CD-Rom (2008–10)
4.1.1 Ease of getting credit Ease of getting credit, percent rank index* r | 2011 rank country/Economy value Score (0–100) percent rank 1 Malaysia.............................1.00 ..........100.00..........0.99 l 1 South Africa.........................1.00 ..........100.00..........0.99 l 1 United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.00 ..........100.00..........0.99 l 4 Hong Kong (China)..................0.98............97.06..........0.96 4 Latvia ...............................0.98............97.06..........0.96 l 4 New Zealand........................0.98............97.06..........0.96 4 United States of America............0.98............97.06..........0.96 8 Australia ............................0.96............87.61..........0.86 8 Bulgaria .............................0.96............87.61..........0.86 l 8 Guatemala ..........................0.96............87.61..........0.86 l 8 Ireland ..............................0.96............87.61..........0.86 8 Israel ................................0.96............87.61..........0.86 8 Kenya ...............................0.96............87.61..........0.86 l 8 Korea, Rep. ..........................0.96............87.61..........0.86 8 Kyrgyzstan ..........................0.96............87.61..........0.86 l 8 Montenegro ........................0.96............87.61..........0.86 l 8 Poland ..............................0.96............87.61..........0.86 l 8 Romania ............................0.96............87.61..........0.86 l 8 Singapore...........................0.96............87.61..........0.86 8 Zambia .............................0.96............87.61..........0.86 l 21 Albania..............................0.89............77.36.......... 0.76 l 21 Austria ..............................0.89............77.36.......... 0.76 21 Canada..............................0.89............77.36.......... 0.76 21 Denmark............................0.89............77.36.......... 0.76 21 Georgia .............................0.89............77.36.......... 0.76 21 Germany ............................0.89............77.36.......... 0.76 21 Japan ...............................0.89............77.36.......... 0.76 21 Namibia.............................0.89............77.36.......... 0.76 l 21 Peru. ................................0.89............77.36.......... 0.76 l 21 Serbia ...............................0.89............77.36.......... 0.76 21 Slovakia .............................0.89............77.36.......... 0.76 21 Switzerland .........................0.89............77.36.......... 0.76 21 Ukraine .............................0.89............77.36.......... 0.76 21 Viet Nam ............................0.89............77.36.......... 0.76 35 Estonia ..............................0.80............71.57.......... 0.71 35 Finland..............................0.80............71.57.......... 0.71 35 Honduras ...........................0.80............71.57.......... 0.71 l 35 Hungary ............................0.80............71.57.......... 0.71 35 Iceland ..............................0.80............71.57.......... 0.71 35 India ................................0.80............71.57.......... 0.71 35 Rwanda .............................0.80............71.57.......... 0.71 l 35 Trinidad and Tobago ................0.80............71.57.......... 0.71 43 Armenia.............................0.76............57.66..........0.57 43 Azerbaijan ..........................0.76............57.66..........0.57 43 Belgium.............................0.76............57.66..........0.57 43 Botswana ...........................0.76............57.66..........0.57 43 Czech Republic .....................0.76............57.66..........0.57 43 El Salvador ..........................0.76............57.66..........0.57 43 France ..............................0.76............57.66..........0.57 43 Ghana...............................0.76............57.66..........0.57 43 Lithuania............................0.76............57.66..........0.57 43 Macedonia, FYR .....................0.76............57.66..........0.57 43 Mexico ..............................0.76............57.66..........0.57 43 Netherlands.........................0.76............57.66..........0.57 43 Norway .............................0.76............57.66..........0.57 43 Panama .............................0.76............57.66..........0.57 43 Saudi Arabia ........................0.76............57.66..........0.57 43 Spain. ...............................0.76............57.66..........0.57 43 Swaziland ...........................0.76............57.66..........0.57 43 Sweden .............................0.76............57.66..........0.57 43 Uganda .............................0.76............57.66..........0.57 l 62 Argentina ...........................0.65............50.36..........0.50 62 Bosnia and Herzegovina ............0.65............50.36..........0.50 62 China ...............................0.65............50.36..........0.50 62 Colombia ...........................0.65............50.36..........0.50 62 Croatia ..............................0.65............50.36..........0.50 62 Fiji. ..................................0.65............50.36..........0.50 62 Nepal ...............................0.65............50.36..........0.50 62 Pakistan.............................0.65............50.36..........0.50 l 62 Thailand ............................0.65............50.36..........0.50 62 Uruguay ............................0.65............50.36..........0.50 72 Bangladesh .........................0.59............38.68..........0.38 rank country/Economy value Score (0–100) percent rank 72 Chile ................................0.59............38.68..........0.38 72 Cyprus ..............................0.59............38.68..........0.38 72 Dominican Republic ................0.59............38.68..........0.38 72 Ecuador .............................0.59............38.68..........0.38 72 Egypt ...............................0.59............38.68..........0.38 72 Greece ..............................0.59............38.68..........0.38 72 Kazakhstan..........................0.59............38.68..........0.38 72 Lebanon ............................0.59............38.68..........0.38 72 Mauritius............................0.59............38.68..........0.38 72 Mongolia ...........................0.59............38.68..........0.38 72 Nigeria ..............................0.59............38.68..........0.38 72 Paraguay............................0.59............38.68..........0.38 72 Sri Lanka ............................0.59............38.68..........0.38 72 Turkey...............................0.59............38.68..........0.38 72 United Arab Emirates ...............0.59............38.68..........0.38 88 Belarus ..............................0.48............27.01..........0.27 88 Belize ...............................0.48............27.01..........0.27 88 Brazil ................................0.48............27.01..........0.27 88 Cambodia...........................0.48............27.01..........0.27 88 Costa Rica...........................0.48............27.01..........0.27 88 Iran, Islamic Rep. ....................0.48............27.01..........0.27 88 Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.48............27.01..........0.27 88 Jamaica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.48............27.01..........0.27 88 Kuwait ..............................0.48............27.01..........0.27 88 Moldova, Rep........................0.48............27.01..........0.27 88 Morocco ............................0.48............27.01..........0.27 88 Nicaragua...........................0.48............27.01..........0.27 88 Russian Federation..................0.48............27.01..........0.27 88 Slovenia.............................0.48............27.01..........0.27 88 Tanzania, United Rep. ...............0.48............27.01..........0.27 88 Tunisia ..............................0.48............27.01..........0.27 104 Bahrain..............................0.37............21.12.......... 0.21 104 Bolivia, Plurinational St. .............0.37............21.12.......... 0.21 104 Brunei Darussalam ..................0.37............21.12.......... 0.21 104 Indonesia ...........................0.37............21.12.......... 0.21 104 Malawi ..............................0.37............21.12.......... 0.21 104 Philippines ..........................0.37............21.12.......... 0.21 104 Portugal ............................0.37............21.12.......... 0.21 104 Zimbabwe ..........................0.37............21.12.......... 0.21 112 Angola ..............................0.29............15.33...........0.15 112 Ethiopia .............................0.29............15.33...........0.15 112 Jordan ..............................0.29............15.33...........0.15 112 Lesotho .............................0.29............15.33...........0.15 112 Luxembourg ........................0.29............15.33...........0.15 112 Mozambique........................0.29............15.33...........0.15 112 Oman ...............................0.29............15.33...........0.15 112 Qatar................................0.29............15.33...........0.15 120 Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.24............10.86...........0.11 120 Cameroon ..........................0.24............10.86...........0.11 120 Gabon ..............................0.24............10.86...........0.11 120 Gambia .............................0.24............10.86...........0.11 120 Uzbekistan ..........................0.24............10.86...........0.11 120 Yemen ..............................0.24............10.86...........0.11 126 Benin ...............................0.17 .............2.84.......... 0.03 126 Burkina Faso ........................0.17 .............2.84.......... 0.03 126 Burundi .............................0.17 .............2.84.......... 0.03 126 Côte d’Ivoire ........................0.17 .............2.84.......... 0.03 126 Guyana .............................0.17 .............2.84.......... 0.03 126 Lao PDR.............................0.17 .............2.84.......... 0.03 126 Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.17 .............2.84.......... 0.03 126 Niger................................0.17 .............2.84.......... 0.03 126 Senegal .............................0.17 .............2.84.......... 0.03 126 Sudan...............................0.17 .............2.84.......... 0.03 126 Togo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.17 .............2.84.......... 0.03 137 Syrian Arab Rep......................0.07.............1.42.......... 0.01 137 Tajikistan ............................0.07.............1.42.......... 0.01 139 Madagascar.........................0.03.............0.71.......... 0.01 140 Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. ..........0.01.............0.00..........0.00 n/a Malta................................ n/a..............n/a...........n/a SOURCE: World Bank, Ease of Doing Business Index 2012, Doing Business 2012 357 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 II: Data Tables
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The Global Innovation Index 2012 St
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The Global Innovation Index 2012: S
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iv THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
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vi THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
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Foreword The Coherence Premium in I
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cONTrIBuTOrS Contributors to the Re
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Rankings
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Global Innovation Index rankings (c
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cHApTEr 1 The Global Innovation Ind
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The GII helps to create an environm
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4. The Innovation Efficiency Index
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Table 1: Global Innovation Index ra
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Table 2: Innovation Input Sub-Index
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Table 3: Innovation Output Sub-Inde
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Box 1: A spotlight on the United St
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Figure 2: Innovation Output Sub-Ind
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Malta is ranked 16th in the GII 201
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Figure 3: Global Innovation Index v
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Table 5a: Innovation Efficiency Ind
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Figure 4: GII scores v. GDP per cap
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Table 5c: Innovation Efficiency Ind
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Figure 5: Average scores for select
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performances on key indicators and
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pillars, however, place it among th
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eflect the situation of the countri
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PPP$ 3,354.8 Viet Nam has a very go
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6. Northern America continues to be
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Freeman, C., and L. Soete. 2007.
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44 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012
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cHApTEr 3 Academia-Industry Innovat
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Intel, Microsoft, Motorola, Nokia,
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Figure 2: Intermediary university-i
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the best combinations of foreign te
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cHApTEr 5 The Role of Coherent Link
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Figure 1: Innovation policy framewo
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which is good. However, the role of
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Box 1: Strengthening the innovation
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Figure 4: Conceptual framework for
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Box 2: Saudi Arabia: Linking innova
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cHApTEr 6 The Russian Federation: A
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Figure 2: Expenditure on technologi
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in pharmaceuticals, computers, tele
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financial sustainability, and the v
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ex-territorial innovation centre wi
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cHApTEr 7 Shaping the National Inno
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Table 1: Idea-to-market curve 1. po
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is around 8%—very low, even compa
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culture, environment, and economy.1
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13 See the Department of Biotechnol
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cHApTEr 8 An Integrated Policy Appr
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institutions in developing countrie
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egan to publish monographs on STI p
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cHApTEr 9 Broadband, Inevitable Inn
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Figure 1: Global ICT developments,
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Figure 3: Global fixed and mobile b
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Figure 4: Evolution of ICT-innovati
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cHApTEr 10 The Internet: An Unprece
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egularly update their pages and sha
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Google’s anti-SOPA page, resultin
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cHApTEr 11 We Are All Content Creat
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Table 1: Models of creative industr
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than any single major recording lab
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Pélissié du Rausas, M., J. Manyik
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Country/Economy Profiles I
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Page 343 and 344: THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2012 II
Page 345 and 346: Index of Data Tables 1 Institutions
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Page 351 and 352: 1.2.2 Rule of law Rule of law index
Page 353 and 354: 1.3.1 Ease of starting a business E
Page 355 and 356: 1.3.3 Ease of paying taxes Ease of
Page 357 and 358: 2.1.2 Public expenditure on educati
Page 359 and 360: 2.1.4 Assessment in reading, mathem
Page 361 and 362: 2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment School enr
Page 363 and 364: 2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility Ter
Page 365 and 366: 2.3.1 Researchers Researchers, head
Page 367 and 368: 2.3.3 Quality of scientific researc
Page 369 and 370: 3.1.2 ICT use ICT use index* | 2010
Page 371 and 372: 3.1.4 Online e-participation E-part
Page 373 and 374: 3.2.2 Electricity consumption Elect
Page 375 and 376: 3.2.4 Gross capital formation Gross
Page 377: 3.3.2 Environmental performance Env
Page 381 and 382: 4.1.3 Microfinance institutions’
Page 383 and 384: 4.2.2 Market capitalization Market
Page 385 and 386: 4.2.4 Venture capital deals Venture
Page 387 and 388: 4.3.2 Market access for non-agricul
Page 389 and 390: 4.3.4 Exports of goods and services
Page 391 and 392: 5.1.1 Employment in knowledge-inten
Page 393 and 394: 5.1.3 GERD performed by business en
Page 395 and 396: 5.1.5 GMAT mean score Weighted mean
Page 397 and 398: 5.2.1 University/industry research
Page 399 and 400: 5.2.3 GERD financed by abroad GERD:
Page 401 and 402: 5.2.5 Share of patents with foreign
Page 403 and 404: 5.3.2 High-tech imports High-tech n
Page 405 and 406: 5.3.4 Foreign direct investment net
Page 407 and 408: 6.1.2 Patent Cooperation Treaty app
Page 409 and 410: 6.1.4 Scientific and technical jour
Page 411 and 412: 6.2.2 New business density New busi
Page 413 and 414: 6.2.4 ISO 9001 quality certificates
Page 415 and 416: 6.3.2 High-tech exports High-tech n
Page 417 and 418: 6.3.4 Foreign direct investment net
Page 419 and 420: 7.1.2 Madrid Agreement trademark re
Page 421 and 422: 7.1.4 ICT and organizational models
Page 423 and 424: 7.2.2 National feature films produc
Page 425 and 426: 7.2.4 Creative goods exports Creati
Page 427 and 428: 7.3.1 Generic top-level domains (gT
Page 429 and 430:
7.3.3 Wikipedia monthly edits Wikip
Page 431:
Sources and Definitions III
Page 434 and 435:
412 1 Institutions THE GLOBAL INNOV
Page 436 and 437:
414 2 Human capital and research TH
Page 438 and 439:
416 3 Infrastructure (continued) TH
Page 440 and 441:
418 4 Market sophistication THE GLO
Page 442 and 443:
420 5 Business sophistication (cont
Page 444 and 445:
422 6 Knowledge and technology outp
Page 446 and 447:
424 7 Creative outputs (continued)
Page 449:
Technical Notes IV
Page 452 and 453:
Page 455:
About the Authors V
Page 458 and 459:
Page 460 and 461:
Page 462:
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The Global Innovation Index 2012

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