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Telephcm and mail wrveys have -1 admmges and didvamagft.
It is hqwJ mal by using (hs Intamat to disbtub lhe rune@ lhe Krnitams are
minimize9 and benmib maximized. Fuemple. whie IeIqbm surveying can
be Ermfy (Pipr. IS%)), surveying via viafflntcHnat d m nci have long-distance
cham and is quickwlhen ngdm- mil. Telephom surveying and mil
s u m can be lengthy and omsWive on one's lime (Berkowih. 16966 Piper.
1988). Hanew, etnniUlntema can be mapondad to quickly and postponed at
Mo partmpant's Isisurn. Mile any wmy (telephone a mail) has me opportunity
for bia6 and sadat desirability. it is hoped (hmugh mntml and survey w n .
these risks are minima (Bar-. 1996b; Pipr. 1988). Saphm's (1999)
dissembn mmred p a p a m on-line surveys. No signikant diirenceo
were fwnd in rwcmes. This rmdy mmirmed that administaring a survey only
is as VW esadminiate,ing l in papw-pencil format
Using an nclim wmy tedlnique inma& sccsss to mafa parlidpants
fmm a @Wer mraphii area, it was W exwns4-a to administer, pWpants
Memed to prefer me luxury ofpr&@aling in an asynclImms maw fmm the
privacyDTheiromhwnaaaffm. ~$lsphone~havaah'iher
rehnnratearermilsu~,IirhqwJmaCptid~~~be
mmpaabk to or higher than telephone s u m (Piper. 1888). Ssnding a wab
survey as a URL link within an email hsd a response rate ofabout 8Wb (J.
Parker. praonal mmmuni&on, Mmh 30.2WO) while mail surveys hare a
rsyxnse rate of80% (Sabnt 6 Dinm, 1994).