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idem Um a u ~ a l i(LaComp(e i (L W e . 1994); 2) 'pobsbiW
sampling.' whom mh mmbsrof the pcpubtion had a knom pobabiW of
Mi &adsd (Beiger L Gem, 1996); and 3) 'nm& w mawball technique.'
in which each wanmh pnfWpsn1 or gmup was named bya pncedinp group
or indiisl (LIrCompte 6 Pmissle. 1994).
Dbcussbn of Mathdological bwma
Ethiu
Ethically. the rightr of participants were foremost over any aspect of Me
study (LsCmnple EL Pmiasle. 1993). Four elefrmnts of informad consent
dirdmure of infwma(ion, mmprshsnaion, competency to mnm and
Mlumarism of omsent wm upheld lo pmvide ananyrnw to Me Wicipants
(FaarHy of Mmtbn, 199% FollWng Lhese elements, patkipants mne made
fully aware of the siudfs pollk and meUlodol0g-y and of their perhipbon role in
the shdy. Involvement of parlidpants in thii zhdy wss cmtn(y Mluntary.
Follom'ng me Mnmn pmvidd by Salanl 6 Dillman (1994) &cat
wmng means 'amourags(ing] wle to respond but not preswrling] them in
an offensive war (p.9). To mped the Mluntay Mtum of pr(idpalm in ib
survey, participating pmfesiomls wen Mnt four Eandly mminh to return the
completed survsys via mail. fax cf aimail (Fowler, 1995). This was done to
mmind -pants ofthe study. the imptaroa of Wr opinions and to hease
mtum rates. Tha student pcr(ibpntswem not diiy canacted by tha
nneafchar dw to the Mtun ofthe s My and accessibility dslimh(iom imposed