Natural Science in Archaeology

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300 References McCaslin D (1980) Stone anchors in antiquity: coastal settlements and maritime trade-routes in the eastern Mediterranean ca. 1600–1050 B.C. Paul Åströms Förlag, Göteborg McCoy P, Gould R (1977) Alpine archaeology in Hawaii. Archaeology 30:234–243 McCrone W, Delly J (1973) The particle atlas, vol 2. The light microscopy atlas. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor MI McCrory M (1988) Renaissance shell cameos from the Carrand collection of the Museo Nazionale del Bargello. Burlington Mag 130:412–426 McEwan B, Davidson M, Mitchem J (1997) A quartz crystal cross from Mission San Luis, Florida. J Archaeol Sci 24:529–536 McGahey S, Cockery D, Ingram S (1992) Indian artifacts of Tallahatta quartzite from Tallahatta Creek site 22-LD-645, east-central Mississippi. Mississippi Geol 13(3):37–43 McGeehan-Liritzis V (1996) The role and development of metallurgy in the late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age of Greece. Paul Åströms Förlag, Jonsered McGeehan-Liritzis V, Taylor J (1987) Yugoslavian tin deposits and the early Bronze Age industries of the Aegean region. Oxford J Archaeol 6(3):287–300 McGuire J (1982) Materials, apparatus and processes of the Aboriginal lapidary. Am Anthropol 5:165–76 McKee H (1973) Introduction to early American masonry. The Preservation Press, Washington, DC McKerrell H, Tylecote R (1972) The working of copper arsenic alloys in the Early Bronze Age and the effect on the determination of provenance. Proc Prehist Soc 38:209–218 McKlough T, Cummins W (eds) (1988) Stone axe studies, vol 2. The petrology of prehistoric stone implements from the British Isles. CBA Research Report 67. Council for British Archaeology, London Meadow R (2002) The Chronological and Cultural Signifi cance of a Steatite Wig From Harappa. Iranica Antigua 37:191–202 Medley M (1976) The Chinese potter: a practical history of Chinese ceramics. Cornell University Press, New York Medvedev G (1998) Upper Paleolithic sites in south-central Siberia. In: Derev’anko A (ed) The Paleolithic of Siberia. Champaign-Urbana IL Megaw V, Graham M, Stollner T (2000) Ancient salt-mining in Austria. Antiquity 74, 17–18 Meggers B, Evans C (1966) A transpacifi c contact in 3000 B.C. Sci Am 214:28–35 Mei J, Shell C (1998) Copper and bronze metallurgy in late prehistoric Xinjiang. In: Mair VH (ed) The Bronze Age and early Iron Age peoples of eastern Central Asia II. Institute for the Study of Man Inc, Washington, DC Meierding T (2005) Weathering of serpentine stone buildings in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania region: a geographic approach related to acidic deposition. In: Turkington A (ed) Stone decay in the architectural environment. Boulder, Colorado, pp 17–25 Mellaart J (1964) A Neolithic city in Turkey. Sci Am 210:94–104 Mellaart J (1967) Çatal Hüyük: a neolithic town in Anatolia. New York Mertie J (1940) Placer gold in Alaska. Wash Acad Sci 30:93–124 Michon J-L (1990) Mud castles (kasbas) of south Morocco – will they survive? In: 6th international conference on the conservation of earthen architecture, Adobe 90 preprints. The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, pp 99–104 Middleton A, Bradley S (1989) Provenancing of Egyptian limestone sculpture. J Archaeol Sci 16:475–488 Middleton A, Freestone I (eds) (1991) Recent developments in ceramic petrology. British Museum Occasional Paper 81. British Museum, London Millard A (1999) Geochemistry and the early alum industry. In: Pollard A (ed) Geoarchaeology: exploration, environments, resources. The Geological Society, London, pp 139–146 Miller D (1995) 2000 years of indigenous mining and metallurgy in southern Africa – a review. South Afr J Geol 98(2):232–239 Mirti P, Lepora A, Sagui A (2000) Scientifi c analysis of seventh-century glass fragments from the Crypta Balbi in Rome. Archaeometry 42:359–374
References 301 Mistardis G (1963) On the beach rock of southern Greece. Geol Soc Greece Bull 5:1–19 Mitchell R (1985) Archaeomineralogy: an annotated bibliography of North and Central America (1840–1981). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville Moffi t F, Capps S (1911) Geology and mineral resources of Nizina District, Alaska. US Geol Survey Bull 448 Moholy-Nagy H, Ladd J (1992) Objects of stone, shell, and bone. In: Coggins C (ed) Artifacts from the cenote of sacrifi ce, Chichen Itza, Yucatan. Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Cambridge, pp 99–151 Molloy P (1986) The history of metal mining and metallurgy: an annotated bibliography. Garland Publishing, New York Monaghan G, Hayes D, Dworkin S, Voigt E (2004) Geoarchaeology of the Brook Run site (44CU122): an early archaic jasper quarry in Virginia, USA. J Archaeol Sci 31(8):1083–1092 Moore N (1978) Ancient mineralogy. Arno Press, New York Moore P (1983) Geology and geochemistry of obsidian deposits in the Cooks Beach-Hahei area, Coromandel Peninsula: a contribution to archaeological sourcing studies. N Z J Sci 26:523–533 Moorey P (1985) Materials and manufacture in ancient Mesopotamia: the evidence of archaeology and art. Metals and metalwork, glazed materials and glass, BAR International Series 237. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford Morey G (1983) Evaluation of catlinite resources. Pipestone National Monument, Minnesota. National Park Service, Midwest Region. Research/Resources Management Report MWR-4. United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Washington, DC Morgan M (1960) Vitruvius Pollio “The ten books on architecture.” Dover, New York Morgunova N, Khokhlova O (2006) Kurgans and nomads: new investigations of mound burials in the southern Urals. Antiquity 80:303–317 Moropoulou A, Bakolas A, Bisbikou K (1995a) Characterization of ancient Byzantine and later historic mortars by thermal and X-ray diffraction techniques. Thermochimica Acta 269/270:779–795 Moropoulou A, Theodoraki A, Bisbikou K, Michailidis M (1995b) Restoration synthesis of crushed brick mortars simulating Byzantine lime and material technologies in Crete. Mater Issues Art Archaeol IV 352:759–769 Morrow C, Elam J, Glascock M (1992) The use of blue-gray chert in midwestern prehistory. MidCont J Archaeol 17(2):166–197 Morteani G, Northover J (eds) (1995) Prehistoric gold in Europe. Kluwer, Dordrecht Movius H (1948) The Lower Paleolithic cultures of southern and eastern Asia. Trans Am Philos Soc NS 38:329–420 Muller H (1980) A note on the composition of jet. J Gemmol 17(1):10–18 Müller M (1988) Die Kunst Amenophis III und Echnatons. Verlag für Ägyptologie, Basel Muhly J (1977) The copper oxide ingots and the Bronze Age metals trade. Iraq 39:73–82 Muhly J (1985) Sources of tin and the beginnings of bronze metallurgy. J Am Archaeol 89:275–291 Muhly J (1986) Prehistoric background leading to the fi rst use of metals in Asia. Bull Metals Museum 11 Spec Issue:21–42 Muhly J, Maddin R, Krageorghis V (eds) (1982) Early metallurgy in Cyprus, 400–500 B.C. Department of Antiquities, Nicosia Muhly J, Maddin R, Stech T, Özgen E (1985) Iron in Anatolia and the nature of the Hittite iron industry. Anatolian Stud 35:67–84 Murowchick R (1989) The ancient bronze metallurgy of Yunnan and its environs: development and implications. PhD Thesis, Harvard University, Cambridge Murthy S (1983) Minerals used in Indian medicine. J Geol Soc India 24:664–667 Museo Naciona l de Arqueologia Maritima and the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Arqueologicas Submarinas (1987) Plumbum nigrum: produccion y comercio del plomo en Hispania, Direccion General de Bellas Artes y Archivos. Ministerio de Cultura, Madrid Nabokov P, Easton R (1989) Native American architecture. Oxford University Press, New York
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Natural Science in Archaeology Seri
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Prof. Dr. George Rapp University of
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vi Preface and Reader’s Guide ass
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viii Preface to the Second Edition
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x Contents 3.6.2 Placer Deposits ..
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xii Contents 10.4 Natron ..........
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xiv List of Figures 4.8 Predynastic
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Chapter 1 Introduction and History
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1.2 Organization of the Book 3 Sour
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1.3 The Ancient Authors 5 BCE) insc
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1.3 The Ancient Authors 7 led to th
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1.3 The Ancient Authors 9 process o
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1.3 The Ancient Authors 11 sources.
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1.3 The Ancient Authors 13 Fig. 1.1
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1.3 The Ancient Authors 15 wide kno
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Chapter 2 Properties of Minerals 2.
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2.2 Mineral Structure 19 understand
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2.3 Mineral Identifi cation Methods
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2.4 Color of Minerals 27 grains tha
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2.4 Color of Minerals 29 Fig. 2.4 T
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2.4 Color of Minerals 31 blue light
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2.4 Color of Minerals 33 Table 2.2
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2.4 Color of Minerals 35 changing t
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2.4 Color of Minerals 37 Fig. 2.9 G
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2.4 Color of Minerals 39 Halite is
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2.4 Color of Minerals 41 been named
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2.4 Color of Minerals 43 The fluore
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46 3 Exploitation of Mineral and Ro
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70 4 Lithic Materials weathering, s
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72 4 Lithic Materials Patay (1976)
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74 4 Lithic Materials Baked siltsto
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76 4 Lithic Materials source on the
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78 4 Lithic Materials In a highly r
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80 4 Lithic Materials The name come
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82 4 Lithic Materials analyses of C
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84 4 Lithic Materials 4.3.3 Felsite
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86 4 Lithic Materials Fig. 4.10 Maj
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88 4 Lithic Materials focused on ma
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90 4 Lithic Materials Fig. 4.14 Bas
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92 5 Gemstones, Seal Stones, and Ce
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100 5 Gemstones, Seal Stones, and C
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122 6 Soft Stones and Other Carvabl
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144 7 Metals and Related Minerals a
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184 8 Ceramic Raw Materials 8.2 Cla
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186 8 Ceramic Raw Materials came th
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188 8 Ceramic Raw Materials dominan
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190 8 Ceramic Raw Materials (limest
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192 8 Ceramic Raw Materials and “
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194 8 Ceramic Raw Materials Chinese
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196 8 Ceramic Raw Materials in glas
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198 8 Ceramic Raw Materials 8.9 Fir
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200 8 Ceramic Raw Materials tiles f
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202 9 Pigments and Colorants This c
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204 9 Pigments and Colorants Hierak
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206 9 Pigments and Colorants The na
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Table 9.1 Compounds of iron oxides
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210 9 Pigments and Colorants Eviden
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212 9 Pigments and Colorants 9.4 Ma
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214 9 Pigments and Colorants orange
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216 9 Pigments and Colorants Centra
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218 9 Pigments and Colorants Maya B
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220 9 Pigments and Colorants is cur
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Chapter 10 Abrasives, Salt, Shells,
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10.3 Salt (Halite) 225 does not yie
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10.3 Salt (Halite) 227 Fig. 10.2 Di
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10.4 Natron 229 rituals. Its import
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10.5 Alum 231 times in Egypt. White
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10.6 Shells, Coral, Fossils, and Fo
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10.7 Other Geologic Raw Materials 2
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Chapter 11 Building, Monumental, an
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Page 293 and 294: References Accordi B, Tagliaferro C
Page 296 and 297: 284 References Bishop R, Sayre E, V
Page 299 and 300: References 287 Connan J (1999) Use
Page 302 and 303: 290 References Fleming S (1984) Pig
Page 306 and 307: 294 References Heizer R, Treganza A
Page 309 and 310: References 297 Knox R (1987) On dis
Page 311: References 299 Lu P, Yao N, So J, H
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Page 318 and 319: 306 References Rossi Manaresi R (19
Page 321 and 322: References 309 Stapert D, Johnsen L
Page 323 and 324: References 311 Uda M, Tsunokami T,
Page 325: References 313 Wen G, Jing Z (1992)
Page 328 and 329: 316 References Chapter 4 Andrefsky
Page 330 and 331: 318 References Singer C (1948) The
Page 332 and 333: 320 Glossary Celadon Chinese stonew
Page 334 and 335: 322 Glossary Lake A pigment consist
Page 336 and 337: 324 Glossary Radiolarian Pertaining
Page 338 and 339: 327 Appendix A Pigments Used in Ant
Page 340 and 341: Appendix A (continued) Pigment Orig
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Page 344 and 345: Minerals, Rocks, and Metals Index A
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Page 348 and 349: Minerals, Rocks, and Metals Index O
Page 350 and 351: Geographic Index A Abu Simbel, 137,
Page 352 and 353: Geographic Index 341 North, 56, 145
Page 354 and 355: Geographic Index 343 Pipestone Nati
Page 356 and 357: General Index A Abbsid, 128, 192 Ag
Page 358 and 359: General Index 347 220, 230, 231, 23
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