Natural Science in Archaeology

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Geographic Index A Abu Simbel, 137, 250, 251, 279 Abyssinia, 111 Acropolis, 259 Adriatic Sea, 237 Aegean area, 89, 117, 153, 258 Aegean islands, 117 Aeolian Islands, 241 Afghanistan, 91–92, 103, 110, 115, 197, 214, 218, 258 Africa East, 27, 85, 116, 227 North, 80, 103, 115, 172 South, 67, 70, 146 West, 142, 227, 236 Akkadia, 139, 146, 215, 216 Alabama, 124, 125–126, 169 Alaça Höyük, 167 Alaska, 66, 88, 108, 121, 155, 156–157, 181 Algeria, 135, 227 Alhambra, 275 Alps, 62, 78, 94, 95, 101, 108, 118, 123, 125, 150, 158, 169, 225, 237, 258, 259 America Central, 49–50, 83, 87, 106, 108, 116, 125, 144, 146, 151, 218, 253 North, 2, 50, 53, 55, 64, 66, 67, 76, 78, 80, 81, 84, 87–88, 95, 98, 111, 120, 124–126, 128, 132, 141, 146, 154–159, 168–169, 178, 186, 188, 209, 232, 233, 235–236, 241, 256, 269, 270, 275 South, 50, 52, 66, 76, 87, 116, 141, 144, 145, 151, 154, 161, 172, 188, 235, 269, 272 American Southwest, 88, 115, 213, 226–227, 232–233 Anatolia, 61, 67, 73, 85–86, 88, 89, 149, 152, 157, 159, 161, 166, 191, 247, 258, 272 Andes, 49, 87, 88, 124, 141, 144, 151, 161, 172 Anyang, 4–5, 73, 107, 114, 162–163, 173, 174–175 Appalachians, 60, 178 Arabia, 14, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 109, 112, 114, 121, 225, 258 Arabian Gulf, 121, 130 Arabian Peninsula, 14, 112, 127, 243, 269, 270 Arctic, 126, 168 Argentina, 66, 88 Arizona, 66, 73, 103, 128, 136, 156, 165, 226–227, 233, 241, 243, 272 Arkansas, 80, 124 Armenia, 85, 95, 105, 113, 213, 327, 331 Asia, 7, 94, 96–97, 102, 108, 111, 112, 118, 123, 128, 133, 145, 153, 157, 163, 167, 171, 172, 174, 215, 223, 225, 239, 254, 269 Asia Minor, 7, 94, 96–97, 102, 118, 123, 133, 153, 171, 215–216 Assyria, 4, 97–98, 104, 130, 192, 209, 215, 231, 239 Aswan, 105, 139, 147, 169, 209, 249, 251–252, 260, 279 Athens, 6, 133, 138–139, 258, 259 Australia, 56, 57, 59, 65, 83, 106, 113, 145, 170, 203, 209, 223 Austria, 19, 66, 101, 104, 105, 110, 117, 120, 125, 132, 135, 150, 179, 180, 225–226 Avebury, 249 Azerbaijan, 157 B Babylon, 92, 97, 100, 114, 169, 209, 215, 231, 239, 240–241, 273 Bactria, 239 Badakshan, 110 Baghdad, 239–240 Bavaria, 149–150 Belgium, 79, 176, 179, 187 Berlin, 128, 231 339
340 Geographic Index Black Mesa, 73–74 Black Sea, 64, 148, 161 Bodenmais deposit, 149–150 Bohemia, 98, 103, 147, 149, 172 Bolivian plateau, 119 Brazil, 66, 83, 101, 103, 104–105, 141–142 Britain, 53, 58, 62, 79, 118–119, 137, 138, 149, 150, 184, 226, 253, 256 British Columbia, 66, 88, 106, 108, 126, 155, 236 British Isles, 55–56, 75, 79, 113, 117, 118–119, 149, 150, 159, 164, 172, 251 Bulgaria, 73, 107–108, 114, 127, 148, 150, 164 Burma, 101, 103, 107, 108, 174 Byzantine Empire, 231–232, 241 Byzantium, 193 C Cairo, 138, 139, 140, 230, 242, 250, 260, 279 California, 42, 66, 68, 80, 88, 89, 95, 103, 104, 126, 141, 234, 236, 240, 270 Campeche, Gulf of, 45 Canaan, 89 Canada, 47, 66, 83, 84, 88, 118, 125, 126, 136, 166, 169, 178, 240 Cappadocia, 97, 210, 250, 254 Caria, 103, 115 Carmania, 119, 120 Carpathian basin, 72 Carpathians, 140–141 Carrara, 134–135, 258, 275–276 Carthage, 68, 80 ÇatalHöyük, 73, 176, 247–248 Caucasus, 110, 124, 162, 175 Central America, see America Central Asia, see Asia Chaco Canyon, 79, 114–115 Chalcedon, 47, 56, 62, 66, 70, 74–83, 89, 93, 96–97, 101, 110, 121, 138, 142, 237 Chalybes, 64, 171 Chephren’s quarry, 68, 252 Chichen Itza, 120, 233 Chihuahua, Mexico, 49 Chile, 66–67, 110 China, 2, 15, 49, 55, 60, 64, 66, 68, 70, 73, 94, 99, 104, 106–108, 114, 125, 132, 137, 139, 144, 151–152, 154, 157, 162, 163, 168, 173–175, 177, 180, 184, 186, 188–189, 192–195, 197, 199, 203, 205, 207, 213, 214, 216–217, 221, 223, 227–228, 236, 238, 240–243, 252, 254, 258, 270, 273 Chios, 103, 115, 134 Choukoutien, 55, 70, 238 Cleopatra’s Mine, 101 Colombia, 101, 124, 151, 181 Coppermine River, 155 Corinth, 45, 103, 115, 145, 216 Cornwall, 123, 164, 172, 187 Crete, 7–8, 28, 48, 57, 89, 99, 117, 123, 127, 131, 133, 160, 186, 204, 220, 224, 236, 264, 266, 272 Cyclades, 127, 133 Cyprus, 2, 66, 67, 88, 89–90, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 105, 109, 113, 117, 120, 128, 143, 158, 161, 165, 169, 181, 191, 231, 245 Czech Republic, 110, 118, 124, 139, 160, 172, 173, 184, 213 D Dakhla Oasis, 231 Dead Sea, 215, 231, 239–240, 241 Diring Yuriakh, 60 Disko Island, 166, 168 E East African Rift, 85 East African Rift Valley, 227 Easter Island, 49, 141 Eastern Asia, see Asia Eastern Mediterranean area, 50, 85, 89 Ecuador, 66, 88, 141, 181, 233, 234, 254 Egypt, 2, 4, 7, 10, 46, 49, 50, 53, 56, 60, 61, 67, 68, 71, 72, 77, 80, 82, 89, 94, 95, 97–101, 104–105, 109–114, 116–117, 121, 123, 127, 129–130, 133–134, 138–140, 145, 147–148, 152, 157, 158, 164, 166, 168, 172, 173, 176, 177, 191–193, 195, 197, 203, 204, 210–213, 215–216, 219, 221, 223, 225, 229–232, 237–238, 242–243, 248, 249, 251–255, 258, 260, 272, 275, 279 Egyptian Eastern Desert, 52, 77, 81, 82, 89, 90, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102–103, 104, 111, 112, 173, 260 Elba, 52, 105, 169 England, 42, 51, 52, 60, 66, 67, 76, 78–79, 84, 118, 120, 125, 131, 164, 170, 172, 187, 192, 200, 212, 226, 244, 251, 254, 271 Ephesus, 51, 135, 258 Epirus, 97, 100 Ergani-Maden, 157 Erzgebirge, 173 Ethiopia, 85, 98, 103, 111, 115, 116, 120 Europe Central, 88, 186, 223, 226
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Natural Science in Archaeology Seri
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Prof. Dr. George Rapp University of
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vi Preface and Reader’s Guide ass
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viii Preface to the Second Edition
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x Contents 3.6.2 Placer Deposits ..
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xii Contents 10.4 Natron ..........
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xiv List of Figures 4.8 Predynastic
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Chapter 1 Introduction and History
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1.2 Organization of the Book 3 Sour
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1.3 The Ancient Authors 5 BCE) insc
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1.3 The Ancient Authors 7 led to th
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1.3 The Ancient Authors 9 process o
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1.3 The Ancient Authors 11 sources.
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1.3 The Ancient Authors 13 Fig. 1.1
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1.3 The Ancient Authors 15 wide kno
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Chapter 2 Properties of Minerals 2.
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2.2 Mineral Structure 19 understand
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2.3 Mineral Identifi cation Methods
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2.4 Color of Minerals 27 grains tha
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2.4 Color of Minerals 29 Fig. 2.4 T
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2.4 Color of Minerals 31 blue light
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2.4 Color of Minerals 33 Table 2.2
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2.4 Color of Minerals 35 changing t
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2.4 Color of Minerals 37 Fig. 2.9 G
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2.4 Color of Minerals 39 Halite is
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2.4 Color of Minerals 41 been named
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2.4 Color of Minerals 43 The fluore
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46 3 Exploitation of Mineral and Ro
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70 4 Lithic Materials weathering, s
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72 4 Lithic Materials Patay (1976)
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74 4 Lithic Materials Baked siltsto
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76 4 Lithic Materials source on the
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78 4 Lithic Materials In a highly r
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80 4 Lithic Materials The name come
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82 4 Lithic Materials analyses of C
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84 4 Lithic Materials 4.3.3 Felsite
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86 4 Lithic Materials Fig. 4.10 Maj
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88 4 Lithic Materials focused on ma
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90 4 Lithic Materials Fig. 4.14 Bas
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92 5 Gemstones, Seal Stones, and Ce
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100 5 Gemstones, Seal Stones, and C
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122 6 Soft Stones and Other Carvabl
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144 7 Metals and Related Minerals a
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184 8 Ceramic Raw Materials 8.2 Cla
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186 8 Ceramic Raw Materials came th
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188 8 Ceramic Raw Materials dominan
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190 8 Ceramic Raw Materials (limest
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192 8 Ceramic Raw Materials and “
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194 8 Ceramic Raw Materials Chinese
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196 8 Ceramic Raw Materials in glas
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198 8 Ceramic Raw Materials 8.9 Fir
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200 8 Ceramic Raw Materials tiles f
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202 9 Pigments and Colorants This c
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204 9 Pigments and Colorants Hierak
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206 9 Pigments and Colorants The na
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Table 9.1 Compounds of iron oxides
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210 9 Pigments and Colorants Eviden
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212 9 Pigments and Colorants 9.4 Ma
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214 9 Pigments and Colorants orange
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216 9 Pigments and Colorants Centra
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218 9 Pigments and Colorants Maya B
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220 9 Pigments and Colorants is cur
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Chapter 10 Abrasives, Salt, Shells,
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10.3 Salt (Halite) 225 does not yie
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10.3 Salt (Halite) 227 Fig. 10.2 Di
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10.4 Natron 229 rituals. Its import
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10.5 Alum 231 times in Egypt. White
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10.6 Shells, Coral, Fossils, and Fo
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10.7 Other Geologic Raw Materials 2
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Chapter 11 Building, Monumental, an
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11.2 Building Stone 249 but large b
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11.2 Building Stone 251 Fig. 11.2 T
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11.2 Building Stone 253 reaches the
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11.2 Building Stone 255 “Basaltin
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11.2 Building Stone 257 Fig. 11.6 E
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11.2 Building Stone 259 Fig. 11.7 A
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11.3 Cements and Mortars 261 as ala
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11.3 Cements and Mortars 263 outsid
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11.3 Cements and Mortars 265 11.3.4
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11.3 Cements and Mortars 267 of sev
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11.5 Mud Brick, Terracotta, and Oth
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11.5 Mud Brick, Terracotta, and Oth
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11.6 Weathering and Decomposition 2
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References Accordi B, Tagliaferro C
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284 References Bishop R, Sayre E, V
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Page 309 and 310: References 297 Knox R (1987) On dis
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Page 321 and 322: References 309 Stapert D, Johnsen L
Page 323 and 324: References 311 Uda M, Tsunokami T,
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Page 328 and 329: 316 References Chapter 4 Andrefsky
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Page 332 and 333: 320 Glossary Celadon Chinese stonew
Page 334 and 335: 322 Glossary Lake A pigment consist
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Page 338 and 339: 327 Appendix A Pigments Used in Ant
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Page 344 and 345: Minerals, Rocks, and Metals Index A
Page 346 and 347: Minerals, Rocks, and Metals Index 3
Page 348 and 349: Minerals, Rocks, and Metals Index O
Page 352 and 353: Geographic Index 341 North, 56, 145
Page 354 and 355: Geographic Index 343 Pipestone Nati
Page 356 and 357: General Index A Abbsid, 128, 192 Ag
Page 358 and 359: General Index 347 220, 230, 231, 23
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