Natural Science in Archaeology

More documents

Recommendations

Info

318 References Singer C (1948) The earliest chemical industry: an essay in the historical relations of economics & technology illustrated from the alum trade. London Chapter 11 Adam J-P (1999) Roman building materials and techniques. Milton Park [UK], New York Arnold D (1991) Building in Egypt: pharaonic stone masonry. Oxford and New York Klemm D, Klemm R (2001) The building stones of ancient Egypt – a gift of its geology. J Afr Earth Sci 33:631–642 Kourkoulis S (2006) Fracture and failure of natural building stones: applications in the restoration of ancient monuments. Springer, Dordrecht Parsons D (1990) Stone quarrying and building in England, AD 43-1525. Chichester Siegesmund S, Weiss T, Vollbrecht (eds) (2002) Natural stone, weathering phenomena, conservation strategies and case studies, vol 205. Geological Society Special Publication, London
Glossary Alloying The process of chemically combining two or more metals. Amphibole A group of dark-colored aluminum silicate minerals containing magnesium, iron, and calcium or sodium. Amphiboles are significant constituents of silicic igneous rocks as well as some metamorphic rocks. The most common amphibole is hornblende. Anisotropy The condition of having different properties in different directions. Anorthosite An essentially monomineralic intrusive igneous rock composed of calcic plagioclase. Aphanitic An igneous rock texture in which the grains are too small to distinguish with the unaided eye. Argillite A compact sedimentary rock, derived either from mudstone or shale, that is well-indurated and non-fissile. Bauxitic Containing much bauxite – a product of tropical weathering that is rich in hydrous aluminum oxides and aluminum hydroxides. Bloomery The first forge (for hammering) in iron working after the smelting process. Botryoidal Having the form of a bunch of grapes. Brine A geological term for hot saline fluids in restricted basins that contain Ca, Na, K, and Cl. Calcareous Pertaining to a rock that contains a significant percentage but less than 50% calcium carbonate. Calcined Heated to the temperature of chemical dissociation, e.g., heating limestone to form CaO + CO 2 . Campanian The middle Upper Cretaceous Cast Iron An alloy of primarily iron and carbon. Cation A positively charged ion such as Fe 2+ or Al 3+ . 319
Page 1 and 2:
Natural Science in Archaeology Seri
Page 3 and 4:
Prof. Dr. George Rapp University of
Page 5 and 6:
vi Preface and Reader’s Guide ass
Page 7 and 8:
viii Preface to the Second Edition
Page 9 and 10:
x Contents 3.6.2 Placer Deposits ..
Page 11 and 12:
xii Contents 10.4 Natron ..........
Page 13 and 14:
xiv List of Figures 4.8 Predynastic
Page 15 and 16:
Chapter 1 Introduction and History
Page 17 and 18:
1.2 Organization of the Book 3 Sour
Page 19 and 20:
1.3 The Ancient Authors 5 BCE) insc
Page 21 and 22:
1.3 The Ancient Authors 7 led to th
Page 23 and 24:
1.3 The Ancient Authors 9 process o
Page 25 and 26:
1.3 The Ancient Authors 11 sources.
Page 27 and 28:
1.3 The Ancient Authors 13 Fig. 1.1
Page 29 and 30:
1.3 The Ancient Authors 15 wide kno
Page 31 and 32:
Chapter 2 Properties of Minerals 2.
Page 33 and 34:
2.2 Mineral Structure 19 understand
Page 35 and 36:
2.3 Mineral Identifi cation Methods
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
2.4 Color of Minerals 27 grains tha
Page 43 and 44:
2.4 Color of Minerals 29 Fig. 2.4 T
Page 45 and 46:
2.4 Color of Minerals 31 blue light
Page 47 and 48:
2.4 Color of Minerals 33 Table 2.2
Page 49 and 50:
2.4 Color of Minerals 35 changing t
Page 51 and 52:
2.4 Color of Minerals 37 Fig. 2.9 G
Page 53 and 54:
2.4 Color of Minerals 39 Halite is
Page 55 and 56:
2.4 Color of Minerals 41 been named
Page 57 and 58:
2.4 Color of Minerals 43 The fluore
Page 59 and 60:
46 3 Exploitation of Mineral and Ro
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
70 4 Lithic Materials weathering, s
Page 85 and 86:
72 4 Lithic Materials Patay (1976)
Page 87 and 88:
74 4 Lithic Materials Baked siltsto
Page 89 and 90:
76 4 Lithic Materials source on the
Page 91 and 92:
78 4 Lithic Materials In a highly r
Page 93 and 94:
80 4 Lithic Materials The name come
Page 95 and 96:
82 4 Lithic Materials analyses of C
Page 97 and 98:
84 4 Lithic Materials 4.3.3 Felsite
Page 99 and 100:
86 4 Lithic Materials Fig. 4.10 Maj
Page 101 and 102:
88 4 Lithic Materials focused on ma
Page 103 and 104:
90 4 Lithic Materials Fig. 4.14 Bas
Page 105 and 106:
92 5 Gemstones, Seal Stones, and Ce
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
100 5 Gemstones, Seal Stones, and C
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
122 6 Soft Stones and Other Carvabl
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
144 7 Metals and Related Minerals a
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
184 8 Ceramic Raw Materials 8.2 Cla
Page 199 and 200:
186 8 Ceramic Raw Materials came th
Page 201 and 202:
188 8 Ceramic Raw Materials dominan
Page 203 and 204:
190 8 Ceramic Raw Materials (limest
Page 205 and 206:
192 8 Ceramic Raw Materials and “
Page 207 and 208:
194 8 Ceramic Raw Materials Chinese
Page 209 and 210:
196 8 Ceramic Raw Materials in glas
Page 211 and 212:
198 8 Ceramic Raw Materials 8.9 Fir
Page 213 and 214:
200 8 Ceramic Raw Materials tiles f
Page 215 and 216:
202 9 Pigments and Colorants This c
Page 217 and 218:
204 9 Pigments and Colorants Hierak
Page 219 and 220:
206 9 Pigments and Colorants The na
Page 221 and 222:
Table 9.1 Compounds of iron oxides
Page 223 and 224:
210 9 Pigments and Colorants Eviden
Page 225 and 226:
212 9 Pigments and Colorants 9.4 Ma
Page 227 and 228:
214 9 Pigments and Colorants orange
Page 229 and 230:
216 9 Pigments and Colorants Centra
Page 231 and 232:
218 9 Pigments and Colorants Maya B
Page 233 and 234:
220 9 Pigments and Colorants is cur
Page 235 and 236:
Chapter 10 Abrasives, Salt, Shells,
Page 237 and 238:
10.3 Salt (Halite) 225 does not yie
Page 239 and 240:
10.3 Salt (Halite) 227 Fig. 10.2 Di
Page 241 and 242:
10.4 Natron 229 rituals. Its import
Page 243 and 244:
10.5 Alum 231 times in Egypt. White
Page 245 and 246:
10.6 Shells, Coral, Fossils, and Fo
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
10.7 Other Geologic Raw Materials 2
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Chapter 11 Building, Monumental, an
Page 261 and 262:
11.2 Building Stone 249 but large b
Page 263 and 264:
11.2 Building Stone 251 Fig. 11.2 T
Page 265 and 266:
11.2 Building Stone 253 reaches the
Page 267 and 268:
11.2 Building Stone 255 “Basaltin
Page 269 and 270:
11.2 Building Stone 257 Fig. 11.6 E
Page 271 and 272:
11.2 Building Stone 259 Fig. 11.7 A
Page 273 and 274:
11.3 Cements and Mortars 261 as ala
Page 275 and 276:
11.3 Cements and Mortars 263 outsid
Page 277 and 278:
11.3 Cements and Mortars 265 11.3.4
Page 279 and 280: 11.3 Cements and Mortars 267 of sev
Page 281 and 282: 11.5 Mud Brick, Terracotta, and Oth
Page 283 and 284: 11.5 Mud Brick, Terracotta, and Oth
Page 285 and 286: 11.6 Weathering and Decomposition 2
Page 293 and 294: References Accordi B, Tagliaferro C
Page 296 and 297: 284 References Bishop R, Sayre E, V
Page 299 and 300: References 287 Connan J (1999) Use
Page 302 and 303: 290 References Fleming S (1984) Pig
Page 306 and 307: 294 References Heizer R, Treganza A
Page 309 and 310: References 297 Knox R (1987) On dis
Page 311 and 312: References 299 Lu P, Yao N, So J, H
Page 313 and 314: References 301 Mistardis G (1963) O
Page 316 and 317: 304 References Phillips P (1980) Th
Page 318 and 319: 306 References Rossi Manaresi R (19
Page 321 and 322: References 309 Stapert D, Johnsen L
Page 323 and 324: References 311 Uda M, Tsunokami T,
Page 325: References 313 Wen G, Jing Z (1992)
Page 328 and 329: 316 References Chapter 4 Andrefsky
Page 332 and 333: 320 Glossary Celadon Chinese stonew
Page 334 and 335: 322 Glossary Lake A pigment consist
Page 336 and 337: 324 Glossary Radiolarian Pertaining
Page 338 and 339: 327 Appendix A Pigments Used in Ant
Page 340 and 341: Appendix A (continued) Pigment Orig
Page 342 and 343: Appendix A (continued) Pigment Orig
Page 344 and 345: Minerals, Rocks, and Metals Index A
Page 346 and 347: Minerals, Rocks, and Metals Index 3
Page 348 and 349: Minerals, Rocks, and Metals Index O
Page 350 and 351: Geographic Index A Abu Simbel, 137,
Page 352 and 353: Geographic Index 341 North, 56, 145
Page 354 and 355: Geographic Index 343 Pipestone Nati
Page 356 and 357: General Index A Abbsid, 128, 192 Ag
Page 358 and 359: General Index 347 220, 230, 231, 23
show all

Natural Science in Archaeology

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?