Natural Science in Archaeology

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Geographic Index 341 North, 56, 145, 168 Northwest, 47, 55, 78, 88, 136, 150, 155, 159, 164, 168, 230, 255 Southwest, 88 West, 119, 131, 139, 146, 159, 248, 270 F Faiyum, 71 Far East, 75, 124, 135, 146, 162, 240, 244 Feinan, 16, 161 Fertile Crescent, 203, 271 Fiji, 190 Finland, 52, 67, 79, 117 Florence, 123, 124, 139 Florida, 95, 125, 186 France, 23, 49, 50, 61, 71, 72, 78, 79, 104, 107, 108, 118, 120, 122, 124, 125, 131, 135, 139, 149, 150, 154, 160, 165, 166, 170, 179, 184, 186, 188, 192, 203, 209, 212, 213, 232, 251, 255, 270 G Galatia, 109, 116 Gaul, 154, 231 Georgia, 87, 125, 126, 239 Germany, 49, 99, 102, 103, 116, 118, 119, 120, 125, 131, 135, 138, 154, 160, 165, 166, 179, 182, 192, 196, 199, 207, 213, 219, 226, 232, 244, 245, 258 Giza, 55, 140, 176, 248, 253, 279 Gordion, 141 Great Britain, 53, 79, 150, 226, 253 Great Wall of China, 252–253 Greece, 2, 6, 7, 50, 54, 61, 79, 85, 88, 89, 94, 96, 98–101, 103, 109, 117, 121, 123, 124, 128, 131, 133, 135, 137, 145, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 158, 160, 168, 170, 176, 177, 179, 189, 198, 199, 212, 213, 215, 216, 217, 223, 224, 235, 238, 240, 242, 248, 249, 253, 258, 259 Greenland, 110, 144, 166 Guatemala, 106, 108, 111, 141, 180, 218, 226, 263 H Harappa, 79, 126–127, 146, 232 Harz Mountains, 57, 154, 165, 179, 213 Hawaii, 49, 185, 232 Hokkaido, 88 Honduras, 180 Hungarian Plain, 72 Hungary, 57, 83, 109, 110, 135, 213, 215–216 Hymettus, 133–134, 258 I Iberia, 172 Illinois, 74–75, 156, 178, 188, 209, 270 Illinois Valley, 77 Ilmen Mountains, 114 India, 14–15, 16, 52, 57, 61, 91, 94–100, 101, 103–104, 108–112, 114–116, 118, 119, 125, 132, 135, 137, 139, 140, 146, 157, 158, 163, 166–167, 170, 177, 179, 225, 231, 240, 243, 244, 250, 254, 258–260 Indian subcontinent, 95, 160 India-Pakistan region, 139 Indonesia, 50, 174 Indus Valley, 91, 126–127, 197, 232 Ionia, 147 Iran, 108, 110, 125, 152, 176, 197, 239, 243 Iraq, 61, 85, 96, 176, 192–193, 239 Ireland, 62, 149, 150, 159, 164, 166, 234, 237, 253 Israel, 2, 50, 91, 92, 95, 130, 153, 161, 169, 170, 184, 234, 240, 266 Istanbul, 136 Italy, 8, 21, 49, 52, 61–62, 88, 94, 104, 107, 108, 110–111, 117, 118, 122, 124, 125, 127, 131, 134, 135, 137, 139, 153, 157, 159, 160, 179, 180, 185, 192, 197–199, 210, 219, 220, 232, 243, 245, 250–251, 254–256, 258, 265, 275 J Japan, 49–50, 71, 80, 84, 88, 94, 98–99, 104, 112, 125, 139, 166, 175, 203, 213–214, 217, 220, 223, 228, 240 Jericho, 215, 217, 247 Jordan, 7–8, 50, 137, 161, 165, 166, 210, 211, 250, 254, 257, 275 Jordan River, 242 K Kashmir, 104 Kazakhstan, 157 Keos, 210, 259 Kharga Oasis, 231 Khorasan, 114 Khorsabad, 130 Knossos, 123, 131, 133, 138, 139, 204, 259, 260–261 Kodiak Archipelago, 76 Korea, 53, 99, 103, 104 Kracow, 256 L Labrador, 103, 126, 155 Lake Chad, 227
342 Geographic Index Lascaux, 203, 209, 212 Lavrion, 144, 153, 160, 176, 179 Lebanon, 89, 139 Lesbos, 6–7 Libyan Desert, 225, 230 Lipari, 85, 231 Lisbon, 103, 115 London, 115, 244, 279 Lorraine, 57 Luxembourg, 57 Lydia, 97, 147 M Macedonia, 105, 113, 148, 215–216 Machu Pichu, 52 Madagascar, 95 Malaysia, 108, 174 Maldive Islands, 235, 236 Mali, 227, 269 Marmara. Sea of, 80, 133, 148 Maryland, 84, 156 Massachusetts, 49, 60, 126 Mauritania, 227 Mediterranean region, 7, 47, 52, 61, 88, 109, 144, 146, 161, 166, 173, 177, 233 Melos, 85, 231 Memphis, 225 Mesoamerica, 45, 46, 49, 66, 87, 88, 101, 102, 106, 108, 114, 115, 124, 138, 140, 141, 163, 171, 172, 180, 226, 232, 233 Mesopotamia, 1, 2, 4, 27, 97, 99, 117, 121, 123, 130, 132, 192, 195, 197, 214, 215, 219, 223, 225, 230, 231, 237, 240, 241, 248, 272 Mexico, 49, 50, 66, 79, 83, 88, 101, 103, 104, 108, 109, 113–117, 120, 141, 144, 154, 156, 163, 172, 216, 226, 232, 233, 239, 243, 254, 263, 271, 272 Micronesiam, 245–246 Middle East, 166, 171, 189, 247, 262, 270 Middle Helladic, 117 Miletus, 103, 115 Minnesota, 60, 84, 135–136, 156, 169, 190, 270 Mohenjo-Daro, 79, 240 Montana, 81 Mueilha, 89, 173, 260 Myanmar, 95, 100, 107, 174 Mycenae, 54, 117, 131, 133, 138, 151, 152 N Nahal Mishmar, 162 Narmada River Valley, 99 Naxos, 127, 135, 224, 258 Near East, 7–8, 65, 76, 85, 93, 99, 121, 127, 138, 139, 143, 146, 157, 160–162, 165, 166, 168–169, 172, 173, 177, 179, 188, 192, 197, 214, 224, 225, 231, 239, 240, 241, 247, 262 Nebraska, 81 Nemrut Mountain, 85, 133 Netherlands, 49, 79, 120, 131 Nevada, 124, 227 Newfoundland, 126 New Guinea, 59, 108 New Guinean Islands, 236 New Jersey, 88, 89 New Mexico, 50, 79, 114, 156, 271, 272 New York, 88, 136, 138, 156, 178, 279 New Zealand, 71, 88, 89, 107, 211 Nigeria, 127, 168 Nile Valley, 68, 70, 197, 203, 231, 248, 271 North Africa, see Africa North America, see America North Carolina, 104, 137, 156, 169, 239 North Caucasus, 162 North Dakota, 80, 191 North Yorkshire, 118, 232 Norway, 84, 117, 135, 154, 232 Nova Scotia, 80, 155 Nubia, 7, 57, 60, 82, 111, 147, 148, 252, 279 O Obsidian Cliff, 87, 88 Ohio, 84, 113, 136, 138, 156, 209 Olduvai, 203 P Pakistan, 101, 110, 125, 139 Palau, 245–246 Palestine, 196, 231, 243 Panama, 66, 68, 144 Paris, 11, 127, 131, 217, 263, 279 Paros, 97, 100, 133, 134, 258 Parthenon, 204–205, 258 Parthia, 119 Pendelikon, 258 Pennsylvania, 80, 84, 88, 89, 98, 126, 156, 241 Persia, 14, 97, 99, 100, 166, 179, 192, 216, 221, 240, 250 Persian Gulf, 7, 56, 112, 191, 225, 231 Peru, 66, 88, 151, 160, 161, 180, 216, 233, 254, 272 Petra, 7–8, 95, 137, 250, 256, 257, 275 Petrified Forest, 74 Phoenicia, 231, 234 Phoenician coast, 234 Phrygia, 97, 99
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Natural Science in Archaeology Seri
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Prof. Dr. George Rapp University of
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vi Preface and Reader’s Guide ass
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viii Preface to the Second Edition
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x Contents 3.6.2 Placer Deposits ..
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xii Contents 10.4 Natron ..........
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xiv List of Figures 4.8 Predynastic
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Chapter 1 Introduction and History
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1.2 Organization of the Book 3 Sour
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1.3 The Ancient Authors 5 BCE) insc
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1.3 The Ancient Authors 7 led to th
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1.3 The Ancient Authors 9 process o
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1.3 The Ancient Authors 11 sources.
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1.3 The Ancient Authors 13 Fig. 1.1
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1.3 The Ancient Authors 15 wide kno
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Chapter 2 Properties of Minerals 2.
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2.2 Mineral Structure 19 understand
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2.3 Mineral Identifi cation Methods
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2.4 Color of Minerals 27 grains tha
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2.4 Color of Minerals 29 Fig. 2.4 T
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2.4 Color of Minerals 31 blue light
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2.4 Color of Minerals 33 Table 2.2
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2.4 Color of Minerals 35 changing t
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2.4 Color of Minerals 37 Fig. 2.9 G
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2.4 Color of Minerals 39 Halite is
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2.4 Color of Minerals 41 been named
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2.4 Color of Minerals 43 The fluore
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46 3 Exploitation of Mineral and Ro
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70 4 Lithic Materials weathering, s
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72 4 Lithic Materials Patay (1976)
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74 4 Lithic Materials Baked siltsto
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76 4 Lithic Materials source on the
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78 4 Lithic Materials In a highly r
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80 4 Lithic Materials The name come
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82 4 Lithic Materials analyses of C
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84 4 Lithic Materials 4.3.3 Felsite
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86 4 Lithic Materials Fig. 4.10 Maj
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88 4 Lithic Materials focused on ma
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90 4 Lithic Materials Fig. 4.14 Bas
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92 5 Gemstones, Seal Stones, and Ce
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100 5 Gemstones, Seal Stones, and C
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122 6 Soft Stones and Other Carvabl
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144 7 Metals and Related Minerals a
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184 8 Ceramic Raw Materials 8.2 Cla
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186 8 Ceramic Raw Materials came th
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188 8 Ceramic Raw Materials dominan
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190 8 Ceramic Raw Materials (limest
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192 8 Ceramic Raw Materials and “
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194 8 Ceramic Raw Materials Chinese
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196 8 Ceramic Raw Materials in glas
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198 8 Ceramic Raw Materials 8.9 Fir
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200 8 Ceramic Raw Materials tiles f
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202 9 Pigments and Colorants This c
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204 9 Pigments and Colorants Hierak
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206 9 Pigments and Colorants The na
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Table 9.1 Compounds of iron oxides
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210 9 Pigments and Colorants Eviden
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212 9 Pigments and Colorants 9.4 Ma
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214 9 Pigments and Colorants orange
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216 9 Pigments and Colorants Centra
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218 9 Pigments and Colorants Maya B
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220 9 Pigments and Colorants is cur
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Chapter 10 Abrasives, Salt, Shells,
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10.3 Salt (Halite) 225 does not yie
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10.3 Salt (Halite) 227 Fig. 10.2 Di
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10.4 Natron 229 rituals. Its import
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10.5 Alum 231 times in Egypt. White
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10.6 Shells, Coral, Fossils, and Fo
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10.7 Other Geologic Raw Materials 2
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Chapter 11 Building, Monumental, an
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11.2 Building Stone 249 but large b
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11.2 Building Stone 251 Fig. 11.2 T
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11.2 Building Stone 253 reaches the
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11.2 Building Stone 255 “Basaltin
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11.2 Building Stone 257 Fig. 11.6 E
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11.2 Building Stone 259 Fig. 11.7 A
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11.3 Cements and Mortars 261 as ala
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11.3 Cements and Mortars 263 outsid
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11.3 Cements and Mortars 265 11.3.4
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11.3 Cements and Mortars 267 of sev
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11.5 Mud Brick, Terracotta, and Oth
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11.5 Mud Brick, Terracotta, and Oth
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11.6 Weathering and Decomposition 2
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References Accordi B, Tagliaferro C
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284 References Bishop R, Sayre E, V
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References 287 Connan J (1999) Use
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Page 321 and 322: References 309 Stapert D, Johnsen L
Page 323 and 324: References 311 Uda M, Tsunokami T,
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Page 332 and 333: 320 Glossary Celadon Chinese stonew
Page 334 and 335: 322 Glossary Lake A pigment consist
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Page 338 and 339: 327 Appendix A Pigments Used in Ant
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Page 344 and 345: Minerals, Rocks, and Metals Index A
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Page 348 and 349: Minerals, Rocks, and Metals Index O
Page 350 and 351: Geographic Index A Abu Simbel, 137,
Page 354 and 355: Geographic Index 343 Pipestone Nati
Page 356 and 357: General Index A Abbsid, 128, 192 Ag
Page 358 and 359: General Index 347 220, 230, 231, 23
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