Dictionary of Genocide - D Ank Unlimited

Dark Tourism. A term coined in 2000 by British academics John Lennon and Malcolm
Foley, from Glasgow Caledonian University (Scotland). The term describes the growth
and incidence of tourist interest in sites of death, disaster, and atrocity. Lennon and Foley
hold that the way in which the tourism industry packages such sites is an expression, in
part, of the circumstances of late modernity, in which death, disaster, and atrocity have
become defining characteristics of the contemporary world. Lennon and Foley further
argue that dark tourism is as much a product of the forces of modernity as the events to
which tourists are drawn, and that it is thus an intrinsic aspect of the human experience
in present-day society. Most frequently, visits to sites connected with death, such as battlefields,
concentration or extermination camps, museums, jails, major crime scenes and
places of pilgrimage show a developing fascination with the destructive tendencies of
humanity as manifested in the last two centuries of human history, culminating in the vast
number of genocides of the twentieth century.
Dayton Agreement. Also known as the Dayton Accords or the Dayton Settlement.
The interim peace agreement, signed on November 21, 1995, brought to an end the genocidal
violence in the war for control of Bosnia by Serbs, Croats, and Bosnian Muslims (or
Bosniaks) that had been taking place since April 1992. The settlement took its name from
the location of the signing, at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio.
As a summit meeting involving heads of states and other leading figures, the peace conference
was officially hosted by the president of the United States, William Jefferson
Clinton (b. 1946), though it was chaired by Clinton’s principal Balkans negotiator,
Richard Holbrooke (b. 1941). The major negotiators were Serbian president Slobodan
Milosevic (1941–2006), Croatian president Franjo Tudjman (1922–1999), and Bosnian
president Alija Izetbegovic (1925–2003). Other participants included senior military figures
from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. The main features
of the Dayton Agreement were (1) to determine the political divisions of Bosnia-
Herzegovina and establish secure and guaranteed internal and external borders; (2) to
mandate a NATO-led armed force, codenamed IFOR (Implementation Force), for the
purpose of overseeing and fulfilling the military elements of the disengagement process;
and (3) to have the Agreement ratified in a general peace conference, at a later time and
place to be determined. The subsequent full and final agreement took place in Paris, on
December 14, 1995. This was again signed by Milosevic, Tudjman and Izetbegovic, but
not they alone; in a pledge to safeguard the peace thus created, the Paris Protocol was also
signed by Clinton, British prime minister John Major (b. 1943), French president Jacques
Chirac (b. 1932), German chancellor Helmut Kohl (b. 1930), and Russian prime minister
Viktor Chernomyrdin (b. 1938). A major criticism of the Dayton Agreement, even
though it brought hostilities to an end, was that it rewarded Serb aggression and ethnic
cleansing by allowing the ethnic Serb entity in Bosnia-Herzegovina, known as Republika
Srpska, to retain formerly Muslim or Croat areas that had been taken forcibly during the
war, and from which the previously existing population had been deported or killed.
Death Camps (German, Vernichtungslager). Six camps established by the Nazis in
Poland for the express purpose of the extermination/annihilation of the Jews. The six
camps were Treblinka, Sobibor, Belzec, Chelmno, Auschwitz-Birkenau, and Majdanek.
The combined death toll of Jews in all the camps was approximately 3.5 million
men, women, and children. Jews and others (e.g., Jehovah’s Witnesses, Russian prisoners
of war, homosexuals, Sinti, and Roma) were gassed, worked to death, shot, starved, tortured,
DEATH CAMPS
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