Dictionary of Genocide - D Ank Unlimited

YALTA CONFERENCE
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at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, in the United States. It is a multidisciplinary
program that conducts research and sponsors seminars and conferences on a
wide variety of themes relating to the study of genocide. The GSP was formally established
at the Yale Center for International and Area Studies in January 1998, having
grown out of the earlier Cambodian Genocide Program (CGP) that had been established
in December 1994. The director of the GSP, and of the CGP before it, is the
Australian-born historian Ben Kiernan (b. 1953). Numerous monographs, working
papers, and books have emerged from both programs over the years. The GSP hosts a
lecture series each semester on various themes associated with genocide, and many of
these lectures have since been published. A large number of genocide scholars have
been affiliated with the GSP, either as faculty from within the Yale University establishment
or from outside as visiting fellows, doctoral candidates, or guest lecturers. The
CGP, which is housed within the GSP, maintains an important Cambodian Geographic
Database, which is arguably the most extensive and thorough repository of
detailed geographic, topographic, and demographic data on the Cambodian genocide
outside of Cambodia itself.
Yalta Conference. From February 4 to February 12, 1945, the Allied leaders—
President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945) of the United States, Premier Joseph
Stalin (1878–1953) of the Soviet Union, and Prime Minister Winston Churchill
(1874–1965) of Great Britain—met at the Imperial Palace at Yalta in the Crimea to
initially plan for the dismemberment, disarmament, demilitarization, and “denazification”
of Germany and the establishment of what would become the International Military
Tribunal (IMT) to try the Nazi leadership for war crimes at the conclusion of
World War II. It was a continuation of a series of meetings that had already begun at
Casablanca in January 1943. As outlined, the “Protocols” for the meeting contained the
following provisions: (1) World Organization; (2) Declaration of Liberated Europe; (3)
Dismemberment of Germany; (4) Zone of Occupation for the French and Control
Council for Germany; (5) Reparations; (6) Major War Criminals; (7) Poland; (8)
Yugoslavia; (9) Italo-Yugoslav Frontier—Italo-Austrian Frontier; (10) Yugoslav-
Bulgarian Relations; (11) Southeastern Europe; (12) Iran; (13) Meetings of the Three
Foreign Secretaries; and (14) The Montreaux Convention and the Straits; and the
Agreement Regarding Japan. Concerned with the increasing military success of the
Soviets and looking toward the future, both Roosevelt and Churchill tried to restrict
the influence of the Russians. Many scholars continue to believe the actual start of the
Cold War began at Yalta.
Yanomami People. A large indigenous people native to northwestern Brazil and part of
Venezuela. Prior to the 1980s, the Yanomami had little contact with outsiders, though
their presence was known to some in both countries before their “discovery.” One of the
major stimuli behind the advance of a Westernized presence into the Yanomami lands was
the discovery of gold in the mid-1980s. As a result of this, thousands of miners flooded
into the territory in a movement reminiscent of the gold rushes of the nineteenth century
in Australia, the United States, and South Africa, causing degradation of the land and
displacement of the local people. In response, the Brazilian government established regulations
governing Yanomami territory more formally in 1992, though indications were
that, in the years following, Yanomami rights were still not always respected over every
issue. Certainly, they were not respected by the miners.