Dictionary of Genocide - D Ank Unlimited

Produced by Robert Lantos (b. 1949) and Atom Egoyan (b. 1960) and directed by
Egoyan, Ararat is one of only a very few major motion pictures taking the Armenian genocide
as its theme, and, as such, it is controversial. It has been condemned by many Turks
and Turkish sympathizers, who deny the veracity of the Armenian genocide and assert
that Ararat is nothing but anti-Turkish propaganda. When the film was released, many
cinemas in the English-speaking world would not screen it for fear of attracting pro- and
anti-Armenian demonstrations, and the film was given only a limited release in the
United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. In Canada, on the other hand, Ararat
was the recipient of Best Picture, Best Actress, and Best Supporting Actor (to Arsinée
Khanjian [b. 1958] and Elias Koteas [b. 1961], respectively) at the Canadian Genie
Awards, as well as awards from other bodies. In 2006, an edited version of Ararat was
shown on Turkish television, to mixed responses.
Though it received mixed reviews, this film has kept the issue of the Armenian genocide
before a wide audience that is largely unfamiliar with the events contained therein.
Arbour, Louise (b. 1947). Louise Arbour received her BA from the Collége Régina
Assumpta in 1967 and her law degree in civil law from the Université de Montréal in
1970 and was admitted to the Ontario bar in 1977. Between 1974 and 1987, she taught
at and was associate dean of the Osgoode Hall Law School at York University and continued
to publish extensively in the fields of criminal procedure, criminal law, human
rights, civil liberties, and gender issues. Appointed to the Supreme Court of Ontario in
1987, she was later appointed to the Court of Appeals for Ontario in 1990, and in 1996
she was appointed chief prosecutor of war crimes for the International Criminal Tribunal
for Rwanda (ICTR) in Arusha, Tanzania, and the International Criminal Tribunal for the
former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Hague. In May 1999, at the ICTY, she presented the
indictment against Slobodan Milosevic, the president of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
In 1999, she was also appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada. On February 10, 2004,
she accepted the position of high commissioner for human rights of the United Nations,
taking her oath of office on July 1, 2004.
Area Bombing. Area bombing is a military air strategy that targets a city in its totality
as a single military objective, rather than by identifying specific military objectives and
attacking them. This can disrupt an enemy’s lines of communication, weaken civilian
morale, sap a nation’s willingness to continue military operations, and even sow discord
toward a government that could allow its citizens to be attacked this way—and any of
these, for military planners, can be considered legitimate objectives. But the upshot of
area bombing has traditionally been the killing of vast numbers of innocent civilians.
Some authors, such as Eric Markusen and David Kopf in their 1995 book The Holocaust
and Strategic Bombing: Genocide and Total War in the Twentieth Century, have suggested that
such bombing borders on the genocidal (where it is not an act of genocide outright), as
the people were killed for no other reason than by virtue of their nationality as the air
planners sought a way to destroy the enemy’s capacity to continue waging war through
killing substantial numbers of civilians. Examples of area bombing abounded in the twentieth
century, including the bombing of the following cities prior to and during World
War II: Guernica, Rotterdam, Coventry, and London by the Germans; Dresden by the
Allies; and Tokyo (and arguably Hiroshima and Nagasaki) by the United States. Later, in
the late 1960s and early 1970s, the United States also dropped a huge tonnage of bombs
on North Vietnam during the Vietnam War.
AREA BOMBING
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