Dictionary of Genocide - D Ank Unlimited

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HUTU TEN COMMANDMENTS 9. Hutu, wherever they may be, must have unity and solidarity and be concerned about the fate of their Hutu brothers. 10. The 1959 revolution, the 1961 revolution, and the Hutu ideology must be taught to Hutu at all levels. Every Hutu must spread this ideology widely. Any Hutu who persecutes his brother Hutu for having read, spread, and taught this ideology is a traitor. 201
I I Will Bear Witness: A Diary of the Nazi Years—1933–1941 and I Will Bear Witness: A Diary of the Nazi Years—1942–1945 by Victor Klemperer. I Will Bear Witness (two volumes) (New York: Random House, 1998 and 1999, respectively) by Victor Klemperer (1881–1960), a German Jewish classics professor married to an “Aryan” woman, is one of the most detailed diaries produced during the course of the Nazi reign of terror. It includes with one revelatory observation/fact after another in regard to the Nazis’ declarations and actions, both in Germany and in the “East”; the ever-increasing suffocation he experienced as a Jew in Germany; and the reactions of family members, friends, neighbors, and a whole host of bystanders to the events of the day in Germany and beyond. IAGS. See International Association of Genocide Scholars. ICMP. See International Commission on Missing Persons. ICRC. See International Committee of the Red Cross. Identity Cards, Rwanda. Under Belgian colonial rule in Rwanda, identity cards bearing an individual’s ethnic group—Hutu, Tutsi, or Twa—were introduced in 1933. Not only the ethnic background, but also the bearer’s place of residence was recorded on these cards—and, over and above that, the name of the person on the card could not relocate to another address without approval from the colonial authorities. After Rwanda’s independence in 1961, the identity cards were retained as a means of “positive discrimination” in favor of the Hutu majority. This was a complete turnaround from the previous Belgian policy, which had been to elevate the Tutsi minority to positions of social, political, and economic hegemony. During the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, the identity cards became literally a death warrant for their Tutsi bearers, though this was not new; for the previous three decades (ever since 1959), but especially since the ascent to power of the regime of Juvenal Habyarimana (1937–1994) in 1973, Tutsi had been continually segregated, persecuted and, on occasion, massacred on account of their group identity, which was clearly delineated on their identity cards. It can be argued that the existence of the cards was an important factor hastening the speed and spread of the genocide, as the entire population had been conditioned for generations to carry them and produce them when required to do so. Thus, when the extremist Hutu demanded to see an individual’s identity card and the latter was identified as a Tutsi on the card, he/she was almost
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Dictionary of Genocide Volume 1: A-
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The authors dedicate this book to a
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Abdul Hamid II ABiH Absolutism Acce
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Coalition for an International Crim
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Generalgouvernement Geneva Conventi
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Killing Fields, The Kim Il-sung Kis
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Political Killings Political Sectio
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Treaty Treblinka Trigger Triumph of
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Acknowledgments Samuel Totten wishe
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INTRODUCTION xxiv “best.” As ma
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INTRODUCTION xxvi now exist on the
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ACCELERATOR 2 of God on earth and t
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AFRICAN UNION 4 December 1979 in or
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AKAYESU, JEAN-PAUL 6 eight thousand
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AL ANFAL CAMPAIGN 8 lead to the era
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ALLIED FORCE 10 Allied Force. The o
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AMIN, IDI 12 Amin, Idi (c. 1925-200
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ANFAL CAMPAIGN 14 the intent on the
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ARABISM 16 of its Christ (i.e., dei
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ARGENTINA AND “DISAPPEARANCES”
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ARMENIAN GENOCIDE, BRITISH RESPONSE
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ARMENIAN GENOCIDE, UNITED STATES’
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ARUSHA ACCORDS 24 an embargo is imp
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ASYLUM 26 their experience as havin
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AUSCHWITZ-BIRKENAU 28 Upon analysis
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AUTOGENOCIDE 30 exclusive possessio
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B Babi Yar. A ravine located northw
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“BANALITY OF EVIL” 34 together
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BARMEN DECLARATION OF THE CONFESSIO
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BEOTHUK PEOPLE, GENOCIDE OF 38 Beot
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BIAFRA, GENOCIDE IN 40 as Jolie’s
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BIZIMUNGU, AUGUSTIN 42 are over two
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BLACKBIRDING 44 occasion, local kin
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“BLUE HELMETS” OR “BLUE BERET
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BOSNIAN SAFE AREAS 48 death, especi
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BRAZIL, GENOCIDE OF INDIGENOUS PEOP
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BRYCE, VISCOUNT JAMES 52 arrangemen
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“BURNING TIMES, THE” 54 ultimat
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BYSTANDERS 56 not necessarily be in
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CAMBODIAN GENOCIDE JUSTICE ACT 58 t
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CANADA, GENOCIDE IN 60 overthrown b
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CARTHAGO DELENDA EST! 62 delendam!
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CHAM PEOPLE, GENOCIDE OF 64 twentie
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CHAPTER VII OF THE UN CHARTER 66 ac
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CHILE 68 Chetniks later became a ma
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CHMIELNICKI, BOGDAN 70 often been d
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CIA AND GENOCIDE 72 understanding,
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“CNN EFFECT” 74 Washington Post
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COLD WAR 76 Cold War was a reality
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COLONIAL GENOCIDE 78 stratum of the
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COMMITTEE OF JURISTS 80 Among acts
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COMPLEX HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCY 82 c
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CONCENTRATION CAMPS, SOUTH AFRICAN
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CONQUISTADORES 86 combat. The proce
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CONTROL COUNCIL LAW NO. 10 88 ensur
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CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY 90 Catholic
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CULTURAL REVOLUTION 92 and generall
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CZECHOSLOVAKIA AND ETHNIC CLEANSING
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DALLAIRE, MAJOR GENERAL ROMEO 96 Co
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DARFUR (SUDAN), GENOCIDE IN 98 regi
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DEATH SQUADS 100 beaten to death, p
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DEFINITION OF GENOCIDE, FEIN’S 10
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DEIR EZ ZOR 104 victims in genocida
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DEMOCIDE 106 those against whom a c
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DEMOCRATIC KAMPUCHEA 108 and implem
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DESECRATION OF THE HOST 110 personi
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DIARY OF DAWID SIERAKOWIAK, THE: FI
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DIMENSIONS: A JOURNAL OF HOLOCAUST
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DISEASE AND GENOCIDE 116 Women, whi
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DOCTORS’ TRIAL 118 was to Djemal
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DRINA CORPS 120 (ICTR), as well as
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DURANTY, WALTER 122 itself quite sh
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E Early Warning System. Originally
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EICHMANN, ADOLF 126 Examples of eco
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EIGHT STAGES OF GENOCIDE 128 concen
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EMERGENCY RESCUE COMMITTEE 130 a Se
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EPITHETS 132 of the Armenian genoci
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ETHIOPIA, GENOCIDE IN 134 plans pub
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ETHNIC CONFLICT 136 right, with no
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EUROPEAN NETWORK OF GENOCIDE SCHOLA
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EXPULSIONS AND GENOCIDE 140 for the
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F Facing History and Ourselves. Fou
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FASCISM 144 deterioration of the wo
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FOCA, RAPE CAMP 146 accounts also e
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“FORGOTTEN GENOCIDE” 148 the on
Page 175 and 176: FRY, VARIAN MACKEY 150 he never lea
Page 177 and 178: G Gacaca. An indigenous form of loc
Page 179 and 180: GACACA: LIVING TOGETHER AGAIN IN RW
Page 181 and 182: GAS CHAMBERS 156 incarcerated in th
Page 183 and 184: GENEVA TREATY 158 armies in the fie
Page 185 and 186: GENOCIDAL SOCIETIES 160 detained un
Page 187 and 188: GENOCIDE, CLASSIFICATION IN MULTIPL
Page 189 and 190: GENOCIDE, DURING EARLY MODERN PERIO
Page 191 and 192: GENOCIDE FORUM, THE 166 place with
Page 193 and 194: GENOCIDE, THEORIES OF 168 Institute
Page 195 and 196: GOALS OF ANTI-JEWISH ADMINISTRATORS
Page 197 and 198: GOSH, SALAH ABDALLAH 172 Tribunal a
Page 199 and 200: GROTIUS, HUGO 174 NKVD, murdered hu
Page 201 and 202: GUIDING PRINCIPLES ON INTERNAL DISP
Page 203 and 204: GUSMAO, XANANA 178 the Indonesians.
Page 205 and 206: HADEMAR 180 Controversy has swirled
Page 207 and 208: HAMITIC HYPOTHESIS 182 Hamitic Hypo
Page 209 and 210: HENG SAMRIN 184 the role of governm
Page 211 and 212: HISTORICAL REVISIONISM VS. “HISTO
Page 213 and 214: HITLER YOUTH 188 antisemitic agenda
Page 215 and 216: HOLLERITH MACHINE 190 paramilitarie
Page 217 and 218: HOLOCAUST DENIAL 192 by Oxford Univ
Page 219 and 220: HUGUENOTS 194 Hutu hate the Tutsi t
Page 221 and 222: HUMAN RIGHTS LAW 196 society and as
Page 223 and 224: HUSSEIN, SADDAM 198 Hussein, Saddam
Page 225: HUTU POWER 200 committed large-scal
Page 229 and 230: IENG SARY 204 hierarchy of “races
Page 231 and 232: IMPERIALISM 206 In large measure, t
Page 233 and 234: INDIAN REMOVAL ACT, 1830 208 Indian
Page 235 and 236: INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY, CONCEPT
Page 237 and 238: INDUCEMENTS, AS PART OF A SANCTIONS
Page 239 and 240: INTENTIONALISTS’/FUNCTIONALISTS
Page 241 and 242: INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 216
Page 243 and 244: INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON MISSING
Page 245 and 246: INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC,
Page 247 and 248: INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR
Page 249 and 250: INTERNATIONAL LAW 224 INGOs are Amn
Page 251 and 252: INYENZI 226 were “The United Nati
Page 253 and 254: “ISRAEL” 228 rendered his verdi
Page 255 and 256: J “J.” Tenth letter of the alph
Page 257 and 258: JOURNAL OF GENOCIDE RESEARCH 232 Je
Page 259 and 260: JUDENREIN 234 establishing their ec
Page 261 and 262: K Kagame, Paul (b. 1957). Paul Kaga
Page 263 and 264: KANGURA 238 Throughout his term as
Page 265 and 266: KARADZIC, RADOVAN 240 change their
Page 267 and 268: KA-TZETNIK 135633 242 Ka-Tzetnik 13
Page 269 and 270: “KHMER NOIR” 244 “Khmer Noir.
Page 271 and 272: KILLING FIELDS, THE 246 most common
Page 273 and 274: KOSOVO FORCE 248 fired upon by KOPA
Page 275 and 276: KRISTALLNACHT 250 Since the KLA’s
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KURDISH GENOCIDE IN NORTHERN IRAQ 2
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LAST JUST MAN, THE 254 Jerusalem of
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LEAGUE OF NATIONS, AND INTERVENTION
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LEOPOLD II, KING OF THE BELGIANS 25
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LIDICE 260 Lidice. A Czech town loc
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LONDON CHARTER 262 West, and among
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LUKIC, MILAN 264 Ghetto, between ei
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“MACHETE GENOCIDE” 266 conseque
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MAN IN THE GLASS BOOTH, THE 268 Man
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MARR, WILHELM 270 program of transf
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MASS RAPE AS A CRIME AGAINST HUMANI
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McCLOSKEY, FRANK 274 McCloskey, Fra
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MEDIA, INCITING GENOCIDE 276 agenci
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MÉNDEZ, JUAN E. 278 through omissi
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MÉTIS PEOPLE 280 The attitude of t
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MILGRAM, STANLEY 282 countryside la
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MILOSEVIC, SLOBODAN 284 themselves
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MISSION MANDATE 286 the exterminati
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MOGADISHU 288 genocides, but a prob
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MORIORI PEOPLE, GENOCIDE OF 290 upo
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MOUVEMENT RÉVOLUTIONNAIRE NATIONAL
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MULTILATERAL AID 294 transformation
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MYTH OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 296 W
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NAMA PEOPLE, GENOCIDE OF 298 Soon a
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NATION-BUILDING 300 its ranks peopl
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NATO AND THE KOSOVO INTERVENTION 30
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NEO-NAZISM 304 arrested and tried b
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NEWS MEDIA 306 of all were devalued
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NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 308 I
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NUBA 310 28, 1965. At the heart of
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NUREMBERG PRINCIPLES 312 at the ann
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O Obote, Milton (1924-2005). Former
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“OLD PEOPLE,” CAMBODIA 316 Ogil
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OPERATION CONDOR 318 that any Sovie
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OPERATION MENU 320 Operation Menu.
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OPERATION TURQUOISE 322 hundred air
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ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN UNITY 324 O
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OTTOMAN EMPIRE 326 Other groups tar
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PEACE ENFORCEMENT 328 Independent S
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PEOPLE OF INTEGRITY 330 Peace Prize
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PIONEERS OF GENOCIDE STUDIES 332 Sp
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POL POT 334 describing anti-Jewish
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POLITICAL KILLINGS 336 (UN Economic
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POTOCARI 338 million Gypsies were k
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PRECONDITIONS OF GENOCIDE 340 The w
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PREVENT INTERNATIONAL NEWS MONITOR
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PROPAGANDA 344 taken into Allied cu
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PROTOCOLS OF THE ELDERS OF ZION 346
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PURIFICATION, METAPHORS OF 348 All
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R Racak Massacre. On January 8, 199
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RACIAL STATE 352 of those with crim
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RADIO-TÉLÉVISION LIBRE DES MILLE
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RAPE CAMPS, FORMER YUGOSLAVIA 356 s
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RASSENKAMPF 358 composed of a well-
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REEVES, ERIC 360 than a moral imper
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REPATRIATION 362 Historically, inst
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RESERVE POLICE BATTALION 101 364 pr
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REVOLUTION AND GENOCIDE 366 The ter
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RIGHTEOUS AMONG THE NATIONS 368 reg
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ROADBLOCKS, RWANDAN GENOCIDE 370 Hy
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ROOSEVELT, ELEANOR 372 the UN Gener
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RTS TV OR SERBIAN TELEVISION 374 ed
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RULES OF ENGAGEMENT 376 strategy of
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RUTAGANDA, GEORGES ANDERSON NDERBUM
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RWANDAN GENOCIDE, CHURCHES' ROLE 38
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RWANDAN GOVERNMENT FORCES 382 To be
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S Safe Areas. Safe areas are locati
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SAND CREEK MASSACRE 386 Sand Creek
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SAVE DARFUR COALITION 388 taken fro
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SCHREIBTISCHTATER 390 and more acts
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SERBIAN TELEVISION 392 upon and bei
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“SHEEP TO THE SLAUGHTER” 394
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SIMON WIESENTHAL CENTER 396 retired
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SNIPER ALLEY 398 encourage debate a
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SOCIALISM 400 Pot’s (1925-1998) K
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SON SEN 402 (ICTR) in Arusha, Tanza
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SPECIES CONSCIOUSNESS 404 and sover
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SS (SCHUTZSTAFFEL) 406 seven and a
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STABILIZATION FORCE 408 of the skul
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STATE COMMISSION FOR THE FREE TRANS
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STREICHER, JULIUS 412 among people
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T Ta Mok (c. 1926-2006). Mok, or Ta
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TAMERLANE 416 acquitted. The jury w
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TEHLIRIAN, SOGHOMON 418 former Yugo
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THERESIENSTADT 420 Theresienstadt (
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TIMUR, AMIR 422 better economic con
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TOPF, J. A., AND SONS 424 Tito’s
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TOTALLY UNOFFICIAL MAN 426 Totally
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TRANSACTION PUBLISHERS 428 weather
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TRUCE, THE 430 community to save (b
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TUTSI 432 never-ending stream of pr
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TYPOLOGIES OF GENOCIDE 434 genocide
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UNITED NATIONS ASSISTANCE MISSION F
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UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION 438 matte
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UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FO
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UNITED NATIONS PROTECTED SITES IN R
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UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL RES
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UNITED NATIONS VOLUNTARY MILITARY F
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UNITED STATES COMMITTEE FOR REFUGEE
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UNPROFOR 450 UNPROFOR. See United N
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UTILITARIAN GENOCIDE 452 challenged
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V Van Anraat, Frans (b. 1942). A Du
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VERNICHTUNGSLAGER 456 arbeit (destr
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VIETNAM INTERVENTION IN CAMBODIA 45
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VOICES FROM THE LAKE 460 groups wit
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VUKOVAR 462 hundred thousand Hungar
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W Waldheim, Kurt (1918-2007). Kurt
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WAR AND GENOCIDE 466 Following the
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WEHRMACHT 468 letters—not to ment
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“WHO REMEMBERS THE ARMENIANS?”
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WILDE-KZ 472 He was born in Buczacz
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WOUNDED KNEE 474 that the term batt
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XENOPHOBIC GENOCIDE 476 justifies d
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YALTA CONFERENCE 478 at Yale Univer
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YUGOSLAV PEOPLE'S ARMY 480 Though v
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YUKI PEOPLE, GENOCIDE OF 482 been e
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ZLATA'S DIARY: A CHILD'S LIFE IN SA
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ZYGIELBOJM, SZMUL ARTUR 486 here, a
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 488 Bloxham, Donald. T
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 490 Cocker, Mark. Rive
Page 517 and 518:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 492 Genocide in Indone
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 494 Lifton, Robert Jay
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 496 Hilberg, Raul. The
Page 523 and 524:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 498 Shattuck, John.
Page 525 and 526:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 500 Miller, J. R. Skys
Page 527 and 528:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 502 Freeman, Michael.
Page 529 and 530:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 504 United Nations Gun
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Abdul Hamid II, Sultan: Ottoman Emp
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vestigation of ongoing violence, 27
Page 536 and 537:
Century of Genocide: Critical Essay
Page 538 and 539:
Daimler-Benz, 95-96 Dallaire, Lieut
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Not Speak Dies, 207; Schindler’s
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Hama, 180-81 Hamidian massacres, 18
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International law: father of, 174 I
Page 546 and 547:
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 257-58; Cos
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Niemöller, Pastor Martin, 95, 307
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216; Never Again International, 304
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(non)response to, 381-82; See also
Page 554 and 555:
Tuol Sleng prison, 82, 386, 431-32;
Page 556:
citizens, Ukrainians, and Roma, 32;
Page 559:
ABOUT THE AUTHORS 534 In July and A
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