Dictionary of Genocide - D Ank Unlimited

CHAPTER VI OF THE UN CHARTER
Dachau concentration camp, just seven kilometers away. This was, however, never likely
to happen: in the first place, because to do so would have been unseemly in light of diplomatic
practice of the day; and second, because Chamberlain—a “closet” antisemite—
would never have thought to do so.
With Germany’s invasion of Poland (with whom Great Britain already had a treaty of
mutual defense assistance negotiated during Chamberlain’s tenure) on September 1, 1939,
and the start of World War II, Chamberlain’s hand was forced. He declared war against
Germany on September 3. As continuing criticism of his prosecution of the war mounted
in light of Germany’s initial military successes, and his inability to restructure and form a
government of national unity, Chamberlain resigned from office in May 1940 and was
succeeded by Winston Churchill (1874–1965). Chamberlain died of bowel cancer later
that same year, 1940.
Chap Teuv. Chap teuv is the Cambodian phrase for “taken away, never to be seen
again.” In the context of the Khmer Rouge–perpetrated genocide (1975–1979), it
referred to those individuals who disappeared abruptly, were taken somewhere—for no
apparent reason—by the Khmer Rouge, and were never to return. Such disappearances
served the purpose of instilling chilling fear in people of not following the exact orders
they were given by the Khmer Rouge and/or doing something “wrong” or “incorrectly.”
Chapter Six and a Half. “Chapter six and a half” is an unofficial term used by military
officials to refer to those peacekeeping missions that either result in or need to constitute
(and thus allow for) actions somewhere between a Chapter VI (traditional peacekeeping)
and a Chapter VII (peace enforcement) mission under the United Nations Charter. For
example, several months prior to the outbreak of the 1994 Rwandan genocide, UN Force
Commander Lt. General Romeo Dallaire (b. 1946) of the UN Assistance Mission for
Rwanda (UNAMIR) noted that
I knew that given the ethnic nature of the conflict, the presence of some who opposed the
[Arusha peace] agreement and the potential for banditry or ethnic killings by demobilized soldiers,
I needed to be able to confront such challenges with military force. Therefore, in the
rules of engagement (ROE) that I promised for this mission (largely cribbed from the Cambodian
rules), we inserted paragraph seventeen, which authorized us to use force up to and
including the use of deadly force to prevent “crimes against humanity.” We were breaking new
ground, though we didn’t really understand it at the time. We were moving toward what would
later be called “Chapter six and a half,” a whole new approach to conflict resolution. (Quoted
in Dallaire’s Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda [New York: Carroll
& Graf Publishers, 2005, p. 72])
Chapter VI of the UN Charter. Chapter VI specifically reads as follows: “Pacific Settlement
of Disputes.” Article 33 under Chapter VI states:
(1) The parties to any dispute, the continuance of which is likely to endanger the maintenance
of international peace and security, shall, first of all, seek a solution by negotiation,
enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional agencies or
arrangements, or other peaceful means of their own choice; and (2) the Security Council shall,
when it deems necessary, call upon the parties to settle their dispute by such means.
In the recent past, the UN has placed Chapter VI missions in untenable situations
(e.g., where full-blown war or genocide is under way—such as in Rwanda in 1994 and
Darfur, Sudan, 2003 through today, late 2007). Due to their limited mandate under Chapter
VI, missions were not able to provide the type of protection and/or undertake the
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