Dictionary of Genocide - D Ank Unlimited

TRANSACTION PUBLISHERS
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weather and conditions. The Seminoles resisted powerfully in a war lasting from 1835
until 1842, with substantial loss of life in a military struggle that also claimed many U.S.
soldiers; ultimately, however, several thousand Seminoles were relocated to the west. The
Chickasaws had less distance to travel but suffered heavy losses after arrival in the new
territory owing to disease and starvation. The Cherokee, who gave the name Trail of Tears
to their forced marches from North Carolina and Georgia to the west, suffered dreadfully
from hunger, privation, exposure, and brutal treatment at the hands of the U.S. troops
sent to oversee their relocation march. At least a quarter of the Cherokee population died
before they reached the new Indian territory. The forced removal of Indian peoples from
the old northeast soon thereafter completed the process of depopulating the then United
States of its Native American population; from the mid-1840s onward, it has been
estimated that there were fewer than two thousand remaining Native Americans in the
eastern United States.
Transaction Publishers. Transaction Publishers, founded and directed by Irving Louis
Horowitz (b. 1929), a noted sociologist and author of a major work on genocide (Taking
Lives: Genocide and State Power), is a major publisher of works on various aspects of genocide.
Among the genocide scholars who have had work published by Transaction are
Howard Adelman, Yair Auron, Israel W. Charny, Vahakn Dadrian, Richard Hovannisian,
Irving Louis Horowitz, Ben Kiernan, and Samuel Totten.
Travel Sanctions. Travel sanctions imposed against a regime by an international organization,
a regional organization, or an individual state generally involves restrictions on
the travel of specific or “targeted” individuals (such as key members of the nation’s
government) and restrictions on air travel to and from a targeted state. Such sanctions
may also include imposing restrictions on providing key services (e.g., aviation services)
and trade in spare parts essential to international travel to the targeted state. The imposition
of such sanctions can potentially result in both economic hardships as well as a
sense of isolation from the international community.
Treatment of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, 1915–1916, The: Documents
Presented to Viscount Grey of Fallodon, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. A collection
of original documents relating to the Armenian genocide. In 1915, the British
government assigned Viscount James Bryce (1838–1922), a senior member of the British
Foreign Office and former British ambassador to the United States, the task of gathering
whatever could be found on the developing Armenian genocide. Through his contacts in
the U.S. State Department, Bryce was able to tap into U.S. dispatches emanating from
Constantinople. These included formal memoranda, reports from U.S. consuls located
around the country, and eyewitness accounts. Together with other documents collected
from a variety of additional sources (including British sources, notwithstanding that
Britain was in a state of war with the Ottoman Empire), Bryce was able to assemble a vast
array of material. Having entrusted a young British historian, Arnold Toynbee
(1889–1975), with the job of editing these documents into an acceptable (and accessible)
format, Bryce’s finished project took the form of a government blue book, or official
documentary collection. The result was a devastating indictment of the deportation and
extermination of the Armenian people at the hands of the Young Turk regime. The Blue
Book was published as The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, 1915–1916,
and was presented to the British Parliament by the Foreign Secretary, Viscount Grey of
Fallodon (1862–1933). Once presented to Parliament it became a set of documents