Dictionary of Genocide - D Ank Unlimited

even the American Jewish community, which was extremely supportive of Roosevelt and
his liberal social and economic policies, was reticent to forcefully articulate its concerns.
Some have even questioned exactly how much information Roosevelt truly had about the
horrors associated with the Holocaust—even after being briefed by Jan Karski
(1914–2000), the Polish courier and representative who had been inside the Warsaw
Ghetto—and how much he internalized and understood the situation even before the
outbreak of the European war in September 1939. This is particularly so in light of the
fact that when he recalled his ambassador to Germany in late 1938, shortly after the Nazi
anti-Jewish pogrom known as the Kristallnacht, he instructed his consular and embassy
offices to do whatever was legally permissible to aid Jewish refugees (rather than become
embroiled in international legal issues). As the war progressed, conferences (e.g., the Evian
Conference of 1938) were held and agencies (e.g., the War Refugee Board) were established
by various government agencies (e.g., the U.S. State Department) for the purpose
of discussing the plight of German Jewry. All were answerable directly to him, but all
proceeded without a sense of haste, despite the fact that innocent people continued to
suffer mass murder at the hands of the Nazis and their collaborators. Ultimately, the
United States did not open its doors to the widest number of those who could have been
saved, nor use its prestige to encourage its allies to do so.
Rose, Sir Michael (b. 1940). British army officer, and the force commander of the UN
Protection Force (UNPROFOR) in Bosnia-Herzegovina between January 17, 1994, and
February 25, 1995. Commissioned as an officer of the Coldstream Guards in 1964, he
spent much of his time with the Special Air Service Regiment in various military teaching
roles and administratively as a senior officer. He saw action in the Falklands War in
1982, after tours of duty in Northern Ireland. As force commander of UNPROFOR,
General Rose was in charge of a force of nearly forty thousand military personnel, nearly
one thousand civilian police, and over four hundred other civilian and locally recruited
staff; altogether, UNPROFOR was drawn from thirty-seven different countries. Rose had
a reputation for being a tough commander who was prepared to execute UNPROFOR’s
brief robustly in the face of the difficulties posed by a UN mandate that did not permit
the use of interventionist deadly force in a situation where three separate armies and a
large number of uncontrollable paramilitary groups waged war against each other. He was
criticized, however, for what his detractors considered to be simultaneously an appeasement
of the Serbs and an attitude of bullying toward the Bosnian Muslims. Rose resented
such accusations, arguing rather for the need for impartiality and even-handedness within
the framework of a stout resistance to any diminution of UNPROFOR’s authority from
any side. The critical counter-argument was that Rose was little more than an agent of the
great powers whose preference was not to take sides, a stance which gave succor and
advantage to the Serbs over the legitimate interests of the Muslims. Debates over this
matter continue to this day. Rose set down his position in his memoir, Fighting for Peace:
Bosnia 1994 (London, 1994). He retired from the British army in September 1997 and
commenced an active post-army life of teaching and writing.
Rosenberg, Alfred (1893–1946). Major Nazi ideologue prior to and during the period
of the Third Reich (1933–1945). Born in Tallinn (Estonia), Rosenberg received training
in architecture in Moscow but fled the Russian Revolution of 1917, and by 1920 had not
only made his way to Germany but had joined the German Workers’ Party (Deutschearbeiterpartei),
the forerunner of the National Socialist (or Nazi) Party. In 1921, he became
ROSENBERG, ALFRED
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