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PART III 97 this 'second glossary' material, from which selection was made by each compiler at caprice. That Aldhelm (whom we shall cite by Giles' pagination) was a source of the Corpus Glossary has been generally believed since Napier's paper, reported in the 'Academy' of 1894, p. 398 (cf. his Old English Glosses, p. xii n.); and Goetz in the Thesaurus GIos- sarum (apparently at Schlutter's instigation) refers several items of EE i or of Erf ^ to Aldhelm passages (e.g. Crustu : omatu and Corp. to Aldh. 77, 1 1 crustu interdicto). Now 'a priori EE i ' it would seem likely that the material common to EE and Corpus must be too early for Aldhelm-glosses and that the only place for them would be in the parts peculiar to Corpus (or the Corpus College MS.) or Erf.2 (or the Erfurt MS.). It will be well to examine the evidence that has been alleged; especially since Napier himself has shewn in his book that the glosses in MSS. of Aldhelm are alien from the items in our glossaries. Most of it is of the kind employed above (p. 85) to suggest the possibility that St Columba's Altus was a source. Various unusual words are cited which appear both in Aldhelm and in a glossary. And yet the real explanation may be that these words which seem unusual to us were not unusual to learned writers of that time. Or else the true inference is that Aldhelm made our glossaries (or similar collections) a quarry for supplying his vocabulary. Now while we find it difficult to prove that our glossaries borrowed from Aldhelm, there is no doubt whatsoever about his borrowings from them. There was an Abolita item, culled from Festus, Arcites: sagittarios (the Old Latin word for 'bowmen,' formed from arcus 'a bow' as pedites from pes. The word does not appear in any Latin author). In our MSS. of Abolita (C. G. L. IV 21, 18) it is miswritten Arcistes: Sagittarius. Aldhelm seems to have found it in the form Arcister: Sagittarius, for he adorns his letter (if it is his) to Eahfrid ^^^th the phrase 'utpote belliger in medituUio campi arcister'; and the Epinal and Corpus Gloss- aries have Arcister: strelhora, as well as Arcistis: Sagittarius (-ris). An interesting list could be made (and, I hope, will be made by some Aldhelm scholar) of all the like evidence of Aldhelm's dependence on our glossaries (or their predecessors). - L. G.
98 THE CORPUS, EPINAL, ERFURT AND LEYDEN GLOSSARIES One ludicrous mistake of his may be mentioned here. An Old Latin version of Malachi 3, 2 had poa (the Greek word for 'grass') laventium where the Vulgate has herha fullonum and our Author- ised Version 'fullers' soap'; and this Itala reading appeared, I fancy, in marginalia excerpted for'glossae collectae' in England' and was pressed into service for dictionary purposes. But it was miswritten as a single word poalaventium, and the context (' He is like a refiner's fire and like fullers' soap') somehow suggested an instrument for the fire. The second half -ventium suggested a wind-instrument, the bellows. Hence the EE gloss Poala- ventium: folles fabrorum. Aldhelm read the gloss as Poala: foUes, Ventium: fabrorum. One of his enigmas (no. 11) is on, a pair of bellows and is entitled Poalum! Some of the evidence is more convincing, the appearance in the glossaries of the actual case of a noun or person of a verb used by Aldhelm. Thus Portisculo: malleo (Ep. 19 A 29 = Corp.' P 503) suits Aldh. 3, 3 hortante proreta et crepitante naucleru portisculo. However, the case or person found by him in a glossary might have been reproduced by him in his book, either unconsciously or because he was not sure about the declension: •e.g. he may have doubted whether the Nominative was portisculus or portisculum. Mere coincidence is another possibility. Thus lupatis Abl. appears in Virgil, Horace, etc. as well as Aldhelm. At any rate Napier's list of examples is seriously reduced when we remove from them the items of the batches printed above (Parts I-II). Other evidence (not used by Napier), e.g. the same 'misspelling' (the common spelling of the time!) in Aldhelm and in Corpus, is too puerile to mention. Stronger proof was needed. And at the very time this page was being written it has been supplied by Dr Henry Bradley (Class. Quart, xiii 89). There is an extraordinary item peculiar to Corpus: A 580 Anastasis: dilignissum. He solves the puzzle by ascribing it to 'glossae collectae' from Aldhelm's prose panegyric on Virginity. Aldhelm there quotes the examples of various Church Fathers. In ch. xxxii Athanasius is cited, and MSS. shew a marginal de SCO. athanasio epo. (or the like). Near the end of the chapter occurs the phrase: de
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