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PART I 5 possible doubt that, for example, the gloss Mapalia : casae pastorum (Ep. 15 C 3) has actually come from a note on a certain line of Phocas (p. 428, 1. 3), the only occurrence of the word in his grammar. The Leyden Glossar}' item (from the Phocas section), Magalia : hyrae (§ 46, 37), is not needed in corroboration. (It refers to another line in the same paragraph of Phocas— 428, 12—where the word magalia is also cited among the 'pluralia tantum.') The mere presence of the gloss in this unmistakeable Phocas-batch (not to speak of its place in the batch) is enough to shew that it cannot come from any other source. Did it appear elsewhere in the glossary, we might maintain a doubt whether it might not have come from Virgil's line (Geo. iii, 340): raris habitata mapalia tectis; or even from a line of some other poet (e.g. Silius Italicus xvii, 89 ; Val, Flaccus ii, 460) or prose-writer (Sallust and Livy use the word) or from a passage of some other grammarian or from Festus. All doubt is removed by its position in the EE Glossary. Even in the case of so common words as merx and miis, we can refer unhesitatingly these EE items to one particular sentence of one particular author. The Corpus Glossary everyone knows to have used much the same materials as the EE Glossary. But in the only MS. which has preserved it these materials have been re-arranged in what is called AB-order. Instead of one large M-chapter we find a number of chapters: the MA-chapter, the ME-chapter, the Ml-chapter, and so on. Alphabetical re-shuffling like this may be effected smoothly and easily nowadays with our plenty of writing-material, but seventh or eighth century writers had to re-arrange as they transcribed; and, since the order of a glossary's items was of no account, would leave any misplaced items without an attempt to transpose them or to indicate their true position. Let us imagine oureelves to be transferring the Phocas-batch of EE (or rather of its source) to a glossary arranged like Corpus. We should select lor the ^MA-chapter Mango, Matrix, Mapalia, Magistratus, Mango (again). Mars, Mas, all in this order ; for the ME-chapter Merx, Meio, Mergus, Merx (again); for the MU-chapter Mulio, Mugil, Muria, Murex, Mus. What do we actually find in Corpus ? In the MA-chapter :
6 THE COEPUS, EPINAL, ERFURT AND LEYDEN GLOSSARIES (M 39) Mango: mengio (Phoc. 413, 23); (M 44) Matrix: quid:am (Phoc. 421, 8); (M 46) Magalia: byre (or else Mapalia (: casae pastorum, Magalia): byre) (Phoc. 428, 12-13); (M 47) Magis- tratus, senatus (Phoc, 420, 1); (M 48) Mango: negotiator (Phoc. 413, 23); (M 49) Mars, Martis : Tiig (Phoc. 411, 33); (M 50) Mas, maris, a marito dictum (Phoc. 411, 33); (M 81) Magalia: byre. The last item we may suppose to have stood in the ' bottom-margin of the exemplar, whether as a correction or as a supplement of M 46, and to have been transcribed by the copyist where it stood. In the ME-chapter: (M 161) Merx : mertze (Phoc. 412, 2); (M 163) Meio, minxi, a mingendo dictum (Phoc. 434, 13); (M 164) Merx, mercis, a mercando, non merces, mercedis (Phoc. 412, 2). The omission of Mergus: scalfr may be a mere accident of transcription due to the similarity of a neighbour (M 160 = Ep. 15 A 24) Mergulus: scalfur. In the MU-chapter : 332) Mugil : (M haeced (Phoc. 414, 20); (M 338) Mulio: horsctegn (Phoc. 413, 8); (M 339) Mugil: heardhara (Phoc. 414, 20); (M 340) Muria: faex olei (Phoc. 427, 21): (M 342) Murex, muricis, a lapide (Phoc. 420, 30); (M 343) Mus, muris: muus (Phoc. 411, 33). Here too the position of the first Mugil item may be the result of its having been a correction (or supplement) entered in the margin (in this case the top-margin) of the page. The contiguity of two separate items, Mugil: heardhara, Mugil: haeced, would account for the confusion. So there is not so much irregularity after all. We see the EE-arrange- ment reflected in Corpus, but the glass is dull and the image blurred. Inference from the order of the Epinal manuscript's items is fairly safe ; but from the order in the Corpus College MS., dangerous. A mishap has befallen the Phocas-batch in the A-chapter. The batch begins at Ep. 3 E 11 (=C. G. L. v 343, 14) with the item Accio (Phoc. 435, 6), an item followed by As (Phoc. 411, 33), Arx (Phoc. 412, 1). The rest of the batch has become separated. We do not find it till Ep. 5 C 18 (= C. G. L. v 346, 43), viz. Aes (Phoc. 412, 8), Astus (Phoc. 420, 6), Ador (Phoc. 416, 9), Antes (Phoc. 428, 6). The separation is made by the intervention of that portion of the EE Glossary (in this chapter) which is arranged according to the first two letters (not the first letter
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