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Eric Hutchins et al. compromise in the first place, the resultant risk is reduced in a way unachievable through the conventional incident response process. 5. Summary Intelligence-driven computer network defense is a necessity in light of advanced persistent threats. As conventional, vulnerability-focused processes are insufficient, understanding the threat itself, its intent, capability, doctrine, and patterns of operation is required to establish resilience. The intrusion kill chain provides a structure to analyze intrusions, extract indicators and drive defensive courses of actions. Furthermore, this model prioritizes investment for capability gaps, and serves as a framework to measure the effectiveness of the defenders’ actions. When defenders consider the threat component of risk to build resilience against APTs, they can turn the persistence of these actors into a liability, decreasing the adversary’s likelihood of success with each intrusion attempt. The kill chain shows an asymmetry between aggressor and defender, any one repeated component by the aggressor is a liability. Understanding the nature of repetition for given adversaries, be it out of convenience, personal preference, or ignorance, is an analysis of cost. Modeling the cost-benefit ratio to intruders is an area for additional research. When that cost-benefit is decidedly imbalanced, it is perhaps an indicator of information superiority of one group over the other. Models of information superiority may be valuable for computer network attack and exploitation doctrine development. Finally, this paper presents an intrusions kill chain model in the context of computer espionage. Intrusions may represent a broader problem class. This research may strongly overlap with other disciplines, such as IED countermeasures. References Adobe. APSA09-01: Security Updates available for Adobe Reader and Acrobat versions 9 and earlier, February 2009. URL http://www.adobe.com/support/security/advisories/apsa09-01.html. Duran F, Conrad, S. H, Conrad, G. N, Duggan, D. P and Held E. B. Building A System For Insider Security. IEEE Security & Privacy, 7(6):30–38, 2009. doi: 10.1109/MSP.2009.111. Epstein, Keith, and Elgin, Ben. Network Security Breaches Plague NASA, November 2008. URL http://www.businessweek.com/print/magazine/content/08_48/b4110072404167.htm. LTC Ashton Hayes. Defending Against the Unknown: Antiterrorism and the Terrorist Planning Cycle. The Guardian, 10(1):32–36, 2008. URL http://www.jcs.mil/content/files/2009-04/041309155243_ spring2008.pdf. Krekel, Bryan. Capability of the People’s Republic of China to Conduct Cyber Warfare and Computer Network Exploitation, October 2009. URL http://www.uscc.gov/researchpapers/2009/NorthropGrumman_ PRC_Cyber_Paper_FINAL_Approved%20Report_16Oct2009.pdf. Lewis, James Andrew Holistic Approaches to Cybersecurity to Enable Network Centric Operations, April 2008. URL http://armedservices.house.gov/pdfs/TUTC040108/Lewis_Testimony040108.pdf. Mandiant. M-Trends: The Advanced Persistent Threat, January 2010. URL http://www.mandiant.com/products/services/m-trends. Microsoft. Microsoft Security Bulletin MS09-017: Vulnerabilities in Microsoft Office PowerPoint Could Allow Remote Code Execution (967340), May 2009a. URL http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/ bulletin/ms09-017.mspx. Microsoft. Microsoft Security Advisory (969136): Vulnerability in Microsoft Office PowerPoint Could Allow Remote Code Execution, April 2009b. URL http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/advisory/969136.mspx. Sarandis Mitropoulos, Dimitrios Patsosa, and Christos Douligeris. On Incident Handling and Response: A stateof-the-art approach. Computers & Security, 5:351–370, July 2006. URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2005.09.006. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Special Publication 800-61: Computer Security Incident Handling Guide, March 2008. URL http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/PubsSPs.html. National Research Council. Countering the Threat of Improvised Explosive Devices: Basic Research Opportunities (Abbreviated Version), 2007. URL http://books.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11953. Sakuraba, T. Domyo, S, Chou Bin-Hui and Sakurai, K. Exploring Security Countermeasures along the Attack Sequence. In Proc. Int. Conf. Information Security and Assurance ISA 2008, pages 427–432, 2008. doi:10.1109/ISA.2008.112. Stamos, Alex. “Aurora” Response Recommendations, February 2010. URL https://www.isecpartners. com/files/iSEC_Aurora_Response_Recommendations.pdf. Tirpak, John A.. Find, Fix, Track, Target, Engage, Assess. Air Force Magazine, 83:24–29, 2000. URL http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/2000/July%202000/0700find.aspx. UK-NISCC. National Infrastructure Security Co-ordination Centre: Targeted Trojan Email Attacks, June 2005. URL https://www.cpni.gov.uk/docs/ttea.pdf. United States Army Training and Doctrine Command. A Military Guide to Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century, August 2007. URL http://www.dtic.mil/srch/doc?collection=t3&id=ADA472623. US-CERT. Technical Cyber Security Alert TA05-189A: Targeted Trojan Email Attacks, July 2005. URL http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA05-189A.html. 124
Eric Hutchins et al. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. 2008 Report to Congress of the U.S. China Economic and Security Review Commission, November 2008. URL http://www.uscc.gov/annual_report/2008/ annual_report_full_08.pdf. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. 2009 Report to Congress of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, November 2009. URL http://www.uscc.gov/annual_report/2009/ annual_report_full_09.pdf. U.S. Department of Defense. Joint Publication 3-13 Information Operations, February 2006. URL http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/new_pubs/jp3_13.pdf. U.S. Department of Defense. Joint Publication 3-60 Joint Targeting, April 2007. URL http://www.dtic. mil/doctrine/new_pubs/jp3_60.pdf. Willison, Robert and Siponen. Mikko Overcoming the insider: reducing employee computer crime through Situational Crime Prevention. Communications of the ACM, 52(9):133–137, 2009. doi: http://doi.acm. org/10.1145/1562164.1562198. 125
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The Proceedings of the 6th Internat
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Contents Paper Title Author(s) Page
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Preface These Proceedings are the w
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Biographies of contributing authors
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Department of Computer Science, IQR
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Using the Longest Common Substring
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Jaime Acosta Some techniques that u
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Jaime Acosta assigned by an anti-vi
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Jaime Acosta Cormen, T.H., Leiserso
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Hind Al Falasi and Liren Zhang tran
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Hind Al Falasi and Liren Zhang ther
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Hind Al Falasi and Liren Zhang the
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Edwin Leigh Armistead and Thomas Mu
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Deception Operations Security (OPS
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The Uses and Limits of Game Theory
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3. Limits to using game theory 3.1
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Merritt Baer Effective cyberintrusi
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Merritt Baer 1.5), there seems to b
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Merritt Baer Report of the Defense
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Ivan Burke and Renier van Heerden F
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Ivan Burke and Renier van Heerden a
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Marco Carvalho et al. systems start
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Marco Carvalho et al. Benatallah, 2
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Marco Carvalho et al. management la
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Marco Carvalho et al. Figure 4: Sta
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Marco Carvalho et al. Sorrels, D.,
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Manoj Cherukuri and Srinivas Mukkam
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Mecealus Cronkrite et al. to see bo
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Mecealus Cronkrite et al. trivial.
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Page 85 and 86: Mecealus Cronkrite et al. The views
Page 87 and 88: Vincent Garramone and Daniel Likari
Page 95 and 96: Stephen Groat et al. Sections 4 and
Page 97 and 98: Stephen Groat et al. probability fo
Page 99 and 100: Stephen Groat et al. host. In this
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Page 103 and 104: Marthie Grobler et al. leadership,
Page 105 and 106: Marthie Grobler et al. apply to sta
Page 107 and 108: Marthie Grobler et al. 6. Working t
Page 109 and 110: Cyber Strategy and the Law of Armed
Page 111 and 112: Ulf Haeussler Alliance and Allies r
Page 113 and 114: Ulf Haeussler following the invocat
Page 115 and 116: Ulf Haeussler NCSA (2009) NCSA Supp
Page 117 and 118: Karim Hamza and Van Dalen of respon
Page 119 and 120: Karim Hamza and Van Dalen From a mi
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Page 123 and 124: Intelligence-Driven Computer Networ
Page 125 and 126: Eric Hutchins et al. of defensive a
Page 127 and 128: Eric Hutchins et al. Defenders can
Page 129 and 130: Eric Hutchins et al. Equally as imp
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Page 149 and 150: 4. Evaluation Brian Jewell and Just
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Page 153 and 154: Detection of YASS Using Calibration
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Page 161 and 162: Developing a Knowledge System for I
Page 163 and 164: Louise Leenen et al. We distinction
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Page 167 and 168: 3.1 Needs analysis Louise Leenen et
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Page 171 and 172: Jose Mas y Rubi et al. As we can se
Page 173 and 174: Figure 2: CALEA forensic model (Pel
Page 175 and 176: Jose Mas y Rubi et al. Table 2: Com
Page 177 and 178: Jose Mas y Rubi et al. Another pend
Page 179 and 180: Tree of Objectives Acknowledgements
Page 181 and 182: Secure Proactive Recovery - a Hardw
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Ruchika Mehresh et al. The coordina
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Ruchika Mehresh et al. multiplicati
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Ruchika Mehresh et al. Table 2: App
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2. Network infiltration detection D
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David Merritt and Barry Mullins on
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David Merritt and Barry Mullins Ess
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David Merritt and Barry Mullins Dev
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Muhammad Naveed Pakistan Computer E
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Muhammad Naveed response could also
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Muhammad Naveed Table 10: Aggressiv
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Muhammad Naveed 2006 Tcp Open Mysql
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Muhammad Naveed 8009 Tcp Open Ajp13
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Muhammad Naveed Austalian Taxation
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Alexandru Nitu world and bring it i
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Alexandru Nitu Article 51 restricts
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Alexandru Nitu As IW strategy and t
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Cyberwarfare and Anonymity Christop
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Christopher Perr attacks again help
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Christopher Perr about the current
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Catch me if you can: Cyber Anonymit
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David Rohret and Michael Kraft reve
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David Rohret and Michael Kraft sary
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Data (Evidence) Removal Shield Davi
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Neutrality in the Context of Cyberw
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Julie Ryan and Daniel Ryan 18th cen
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Julie Ryan and Daniel Ryan “Decla
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Julie Ryan and Daniel Ryan von Glah
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Harm Schotanus et al. In the remain
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Harm Schotanus et al. 2.3.1 Secure
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Harm Schotanus et al. In this setup
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Harm Schotanus et al. the label (by
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Harm Schotanus et al. these aspects
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Maria Semmelrock-Picej et al. they
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Maria Semmelrock-Picej et al. User
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Maria Semmelrock-Picej et al. SPIKE
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Maria Semmelrock-Picej et al. A cl
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Maria Semmelrock-Picej et al. in co
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Maria Semmelrock-Picej et al. In th
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Maria Semmelrock-Picej et al. Fuchs
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Madhu Shankarapani and Srinivas Muk
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Figure 1: UPX packed Trojan Figure
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Trojan.Zb ot- 1342.mal Trojan.Sp y.
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Madhu Shankarapani and Srinivas Muk
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Namosha Veerasamy and Marthie Grobl
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4. Conclusion Namosha Veerasamy and
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Tanya Zlateva et al. Computer Infor
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Tanya Zlateva et al. security and v
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Tanya Zlateva et al. court opinions
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Tanya Zlateva et al. 5. Pedagogy, e
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PhD Research Papers 277
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Shada Alsalamah et al. Level 3 all
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Shada Alsalamah et al. assure the a
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Shada Alsalamah et al. for Health I
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3. Hematology Laboratory System Who
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Shada Alsalamah et al. Pirnejad, H.
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Michael Bilzor a diverse base of U.
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Michael Bilzor In our current exper
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5. Execution monitor theory Michael
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Michael Bilzor design was run in si
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Michael Bilzor over testbench metho
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Evan Dembskey and Elmarie Biermann
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Theoretical Offensive Cyber Militia
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Rain Ottis Last, but not least, it
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Rain Ottis an infantry battalion, w
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Rain Ottis Ottis, R. (2008) “Anal
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Work in Progress Papers 315
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Large-Scale Analysis of Continuous
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References William Acosta Abadi, D.
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Natarajan Vijayarangan top box unit
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Natarajan Vijayarangan The proposed
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