6th European Conference - Academic Conferences

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6. References Alexandru Nitu Barkham, J. (2001), Information Warfare and International Law on the Use of Force, New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, vol. 34, pp. 57-113. Brownlie, I. (1963), International Law and the Use of Force by States, Clarendon Press, Oxford Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice (1985), United Nations, Department of Public Information DiCenso, D. (2000), Information Operations: An Act of War?, Air & Space Power Chronicles. Available at http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/cc.html. Dörmann, K. (2004), Applicability of the Additional Protocols to Computer Network Attacks, International Expert <strong>Conference</strong> on Computer Network Attacks and the Applicability of International Humanitarian Law, Stockholm, Available at http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/68LG92 Greenberg, L.T., Goodman, S.E., Soo Hoo, K.J. (1998), Information Warfare and International Law, National Defense University Press. Available at http://www.iwar.org.uk/law/resources/iwlaw/iwilindex.htm Hollis, Duncan B. (2007), Why States Need an International Law for Information Operations. Lewis & Clark Law Review, Vol. 11, p. 1023, Temple University Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2008-43. Available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1083889 Joint Chiefs of Staff (1998), Joint Doctrine for Information Operations, Joint Publication 3-13. Pictet, J. (1952), Commentary on the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva. Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977. Available at http://www.icrc.org Schmitt, Michael N. (1999), Computer Network Attack and the Use of Force in International Law: Thoughts on a Normative Framework, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, Vol. 37, 1998-99. Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1603800 Shackelford, S.J. (2009), From Nuclear War to Net War: Analogizing Cyber Attacks in International Law, Berkeley Journal of International Law, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 191-250. 206
Cyberwarfare and Anonymity Christopher Perr Auburn University, USA cwp0002@auburn.edu Abstract: Public policy and strategy do not keep up to date with technology. There is generally a lag time between the release and application of a technology till a shortcoming is observed. Once a shortcoming is revealed it is a race to address that potential weakness with improved policy, updated strategy, a technological initiative to combat the shortcoming, or a necessary combination of all methods. The invent of computer reliant and networked systems has created a modern arms race which has seen more innovation and more need for updated policy and strategy than any other period in history, yet the United States continues to fall behind in this arms race. When security cannot be verified, but only risk mitigated, it is time to think deterrence. Unfortunately, deterrence falls apart when you cannot identify the perpetrator behind attacks. This paper will look at the role that information has played in previous conflicts, as well as the modern strategy towards protecting the United States in cyberspace, and will draw a singular conclusion as to the best course of action towards improving our security. Through a mix of policy, strategy, and technology the anonymity which attackers use as a shield needs to be eliminated in order to allow room for a strong policy of deterrence with a verifiable response. In establishing the means to identify our attackers and provide serious recourse cybersecurity can be greatly improved for the United States. Keywords: information warfare, security, policy, strategy, history, information security 1. The motivation “We’re already at war in cyberspace; have been for many years.” Gen Ronald E. Keys, Commander, Air Combat Command On 6 September 2007 Fulghum reported that Israeli aircraft flew into Syria from Turkey and destroyed a construction site (2007). The site was thought to have contained equipment for the refinement of weapons grade nuclear material provided by North Korea. The interesting part of this story for the purposes of this paper is that Syria, a country with an advanced anti-air defense system purchased from Russia, did not even see the 10 F-15Is appear on their radar. These are not stealthy aircraft, and with weapons hanging off the wings, should have been easily spotted on radar. Further, troops were massing at Israel’s borders signaling a possible attack. Syria was expecting something. So what happened? The thought is that the Israeli’s were able to somehow disable the radar sites and to provide a window where the jets could get in, bomb the target, and leave without threat. Was it a trap door in the radar software? Did the Israeli’s use a special UAV to signal blank radar screen to the radar sites? They haven’t said yet, and the only clear part is that Israel ‘owned’ those sites for a single night and proved the strength of cyber warfare. Unfortunately, if the U.S. were in this tale we would be more like Syria than Israel. 2. Open source Due to publication constraints, and the desire to stay at the unclassified level, this paper will deal only with open resources. 3. The (not so) recent history of information operations “It is pointless to deal with enemy military forces if they can be bypassed by strategy or technology.” Col John A. Warden III, USAF, Retired Net-centric warfare has become a much bandied about buzzword in the modern military vernacular. A simple definition of net-centric warfare from the Office of Force Transformation (2005) is: “the translation of an information advantage, enabled in part by information technology, into a competitive war fighting advantage through the use of well-informed geographically dispersed forces. 207
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The Proceedings of the 6th Internat
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Contents Paper Title Author(s) Page
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Preface These Proceedings are the w
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Biographies of contributing authors
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Department of Computer Science, IQR
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Using the Longest Common Substring
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Jaime Acosta Some techniques that u
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Jaime Acosta assigned by an anti-vi
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Jaime Acosta Cormen, T.H., Leiserso
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Hind Al Falasi and Liren Zhang tran
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Hind Al Falasi and Liren Zhang ther
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Hind Al Falasi and Liren Zhang the
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Edwin Leigh Armistead and Thomas Mu
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Deception Operations Security (OPS
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The Uses and Limits of Game Theory
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3. Limits to using game theory 3.1
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Merritt Baer Effective cyberintrusi
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Merritt Baer 1.5), there seems to b
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Merritt Baer Report of the Defense
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Ivan Burke and Renier van Heerden F
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Ivan Burke and Renier van Heerden a
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Marco Carvalho et al. systems start
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Marco Carvalho et al. Benatallah, 2
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Marco Carvalho et al. management la
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Marco Carvalho et al. Figure 4: Sta
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Marco Carvalho et al. Sorrels, D.,
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Manoj Cherukuri and Srinivas Mukkam
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Mecealus Cronkrite et al. to see bo
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Mecealus Cronkrite et al. trivial.
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Mecealus Cronkrite et al. socially
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Mecealus Cronkrite et al. The views
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Vincent Garramone and Daniel Likari
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Stephen Groat et al. Sections 4 and
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Stephen Groat et al. probability fo
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Stephen Groat et al. host. In this
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Stephen Groat et al. changing addre
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Marthie Grobler et al. leadership,
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Marthie Grobler et al. apply to sta
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Marthie Grobler et al. 6. Working t
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Cyber Strategy and the Law of Armed
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Ulf Haeussler Alliance and Allies r
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Ulf Haeussler following the invocat
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Ulf Haeussler NCSA (2009) NCSA Supp
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Karim Hamza and Van Dalen of respon
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Karim Hamza and Van Dalen From a mi
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Karim Hamza and Van Dalen productiv
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Intelligence-Driven Computer Networ
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Eric Hutchins et al. of defensive a
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Eric Hutchins et al. Defenders can
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Eric Hutchins et al. Equally as imp
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Eric Hutchins et al. X-Mailer: Yaho
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Eric Hutchins et al. Received: (qma
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Eric Hutchins et al. U.S.-China Eco
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Saara Jantunen and Aki-Mauri Huhtin
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Brian Jewell and Justin Beaver In t
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Brian Jewell and Justin Beaver Figu
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4. Evaluation Brian Jewell and Just
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Brian Jewell and Justin Beaver othe
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Detection of YASS Using Calibration
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Kesav Kancherla and Srinivas Mukkam
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M M M Su−2 Sv ∑∑ u= 1 v= 1 h(
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5.2 ROC curves Kesav Kancherla and
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Developing a Knowledge System for I
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Louise Leenen et al. We distinction
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Page 171 and 172: Jose Mas y Rubi et al. As we can se
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Page 179 and 180: Tree of Objectives Acknowledgements
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Page 211 and 212: Alexandru Nitu world and bring it i
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Page 219 and 220: Christopher Perr attacks again help
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Page 223 and 224: Catch me if you can: Cyber Anonymit
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Page 229 and 230: Data (Evidence) Removal Shield Davi
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Trojan.Zb ot- 1342.mal Trojan.Sp y.
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Madhu Shankarapani and Srinivas Muk
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Namosha Veerasamy and Marthie Grobl
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4. Conclusion Namosha Veerasamy and
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Tanya Zlateva et al. Computer Infor
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Tanya Zlateva et al. security and v
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Tanya Zlateva et al. court opinions
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Tanya Zlateva et al. 5. Pedagogy, e
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PhD Research Papers 277
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Shada Alsalamah et al. Level 3 all
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Shada Alsalamah et al. assure the a
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Shada Alsalamah et al. for Health I
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3. Hematology Laboratory System Who
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Shada Alsalamah et al. Pirnejad, H.
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Michael Bilzor a diverse base of U.
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Michael Bilzor In our current exper
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5. Execution monitor theory Michael
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Michael Bilzor design was run in si
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Michael Bilzor over testbench metho
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Evan Dembskey and Elmarie Biermann
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Theoretical Offensive Cyber Militia
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Rain Ottis Last, but not least, it
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Rain Ottis an infantry battalion, w
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Rain Ottis Ottis, R. (2008) “Anal
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Work in Progress Papers 315
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Large-Scale Analysis of Continuous
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References William Acosta Abadi, D.
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Natarajan Vijayarangan top box unit
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Natarajan Vijayarangan The proposed
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